Biochemical responses of cucumber to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) mediated biotic stress
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The effect of two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) feeding on leaf level physiological characteristics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linnaeus) was investigated. Young cucumber plants were artificially infested with different densities of T. urticae (5, 10, 15 and 20 mites/ grown up leaf) while uninfested plants acted as control. Post infestation, the plants differed in their support to mite density in accordance with initial infestation density and observation period. Highly significant negative correlation of -0.92, -0.93, -0.95 and -0.92 for total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, respectively, at the highest infestation level) was recorded between mite density and photosynthetic pigments in infested leaves as compared to uninfested ones. There was a significant decrease (P= 0.05) in the level of (a progressive decline from 2.82, 0.36 and 2.17% dry weight in control to the maximum of 2.09, 0.26 and 1.87% dry weight for N, P and K, respectively, at highest infestation level) in the infested leaves in response to mite infestation. Interaction between initial infestation level and observation period also suggested a significant impact of T. urticae infestation on the leaf phytochemicals of cucumber (P= 0.05).
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Cucumis sativus, Feeding, Infestation density, Phytochemicals, Tetranychus urticae
Alatawi, F.J., Margolies, D.C. and Nechols, J.R. (2007). Aesthetic damage thresholds for two spotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on impatiens: effect of plant age and level of infestation. J. Econ. Entomol. 100: 1904-1909.
Dutta, N.K., Alam, S.N., Uddin, M.K., Mahmudunnabi, M. and Khatun, M.F. (2012). Population abundance of red spider mite in different vegetables along with its spatial distribution and chemical control in brinjal, Solanum melongena L. Bangladesh J Agril Res. 37(3): 399-404.
Farouk, S. and Osman, M.A. (2011). The effect of plant defence elicitors on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth and yield in absence or presence of spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) infestation. J. Stress Physiol. and Biochem. 7(3): 6-22.
Fiske, C.H. and SubbaRow, Y. (1925). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem. 66: 375-400.
Gorman, K., Hewitt, F., Denhoim, I. and Devine, G. (2001). New developments in insecticide resistance in the greenhouse whitefly (Trrialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). UK Pest Management Science. 58: 123-130.
Hiscox, J.D. and Israelstam, G.F. (1979). A method for extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57: 1332-1334.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Vanamolybdate phosphoric yellow colour method for determination of phosphorus. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
James, D.G. and Price, T.S. (2002). Fecundity in two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) increased by direct and systemic exposure to imidacloprid. J. Econ. Entomol. 95(4): 729-732.
Kennedy, G.G. and Smitley, D.R. (1985). Dispersal. In: Spider mites, their biology, natural enemies and control. (Helle W. and Sabelis M.W. eds). Vol. 1A, pp 233-242, Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Lindner, R.C. (1944). Rapid analytical methods for some inorganic constituents in plant tissue. Pl. Physiol. 19: 76-86.
Park, Y.L. and Lee, J.H. (2002). Leaf cell and tissue damage of cucumber caused by twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 952-957.
Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. USDA Handbook No. 60.
Salman, M.S. (2007). Comparative toxicological studies of certain acaricides on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant. Ph.D. Thesis, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University.
Schoonhoven, L.M., Jermy, T. and Loon van, J.J.A. (1998). Plants as insect food: not the ideal. in: Insect-Plant Biology. pp 83-120, Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom.
Sivritepe, N., Kumral, N.A., Erturk, U., Yerlikaya, C. and Kumral, A. (2009). Responses of grapevines to two-spotted spider mite mediated biotic stress. J. Biol. Sci. 9(4): 311-318.
Tomczyk, A. and Kropczynska, D. (1985). Effects on the host plant, In: Spider Mites Their Biology, Natural Enemies And Control. (Helle W. and Sabelis M.W. (eds.), pp 317-329, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Van Leeuwen, T., Vontas, J., Tsagkarakou, A., Dermauwa, W. and Tirry, L. (2010). Acaricide resistance mechanisms in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and other important Acari: A review. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 40: 563-572.
Walsh, D. (2001). Spider mites-Secondary pests of Washington State wine grapes. http:/www.grapesoiety.org/2000meeting proceedings/ mtecontrol.html.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
