Detection of some virulence factors of Pantoea species isolated from urinary tract infections in the Iraqi population
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Abstract
Pantoea is an opportunistic bacterium primarily involved in nosocomial infections, impacting newborns and immunocompromised patients. The study aimed to investigate the virulence factor of Pantoea in urinary tract infections in hospitals in Al-Nasiriyah City, Iraq. The outcome appeared that 22 isolates out of 100 urine samples had been confirmed as Pantoea species by VITEK- 2. RcsA and hrpA genes were detected using conventional Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and specific primers. The distribution of rcsA and hrpA was 40.9% and 59.1% respectively. The Pantoea species were distributed according to age, gender, and ABO blood groups. The percentage was 72.3% for ages 40–70, and females recorded 54.5% more than males. Individuals with the A blood group had a higher percentage (50%) than other blood groups; there were two types of variations (Transversion and Transition) of the16S rRNA gene. It was determined through the sequence alignment, and the symmetry was 90% with the Italian isolate of Pantoea species LL92 (ID: KF202812.1). These variations in the Pantoea local Iraqi isolate were registered in NCBI (ID: OM971851).This bacterial genus recently descended from the species of Enterobacter sp.. The isolation of Pantoea sp.was from UTIs, while previously, in most studies, they were isolated from the surrounding environment.
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Keywords
hrpA, Pantoea, rcsA, Transition, Transversion, Urinary tract infection (UTI)
References
AL-baaj, A. A. A.& Al-Ramahy, S. K. (2019). Molecular study of bacteria Pantoea spp. in Diwaniyah city, Iraq. In J .of Physics: Conf. Ser. , 1294( 6) ,062060. https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1294/6/062060.
Al-baaj,A. A. A.& Al-Ramahy, S. K. (2020). Determination some virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) in Pantoea sp. isolated from hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah city. J. Physics.: Conf. Ser. ,1664( 012113) https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1664/1/012113.
Barash, I. & Manulis-Sasson, S. (2007). Virulence mechanisms and host specificity of gall-forming Pantoeaagglomerans. TRENDS in Microbiology, 15(12), 538-545. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.10.009.
Benli, E., Çırakoğlu, A., Öğreden, E., Kaya, Y., Ayyıldız, A. & Yüce, A. (2019). Do AB0 blood groups affect lower urinary tract symptoms. Turkish J. of Urology, 45(Suppl 1), S84. https://doi: 10.5152/tud.2018.25295.
Bonkat, G., Pickard, R., Bartoletti, R., et al.(2018). EAU guidelines on urogenital infections. Leiden, The Netherlands: European Association of Urology, http://uroweb.org/guideline/urological-infection.
Brown , A.E.(2007) .Microbiological Applications .10th ed.McGraw-Hill.,pp:249.
Buyukcam, A., Tuncer, Ö., Gür, D., Sancak, B., Ceyhan, M., Cengiz, A. B. & Kara, A. (2018).Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Pantoea agglomerans infection in children. J. of Infect. and Public Health, 11(3), 304-309. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.07.020.
Cheng, A., Liu, C. Y., Tsai, H. Y., Hsu, M. S., Yang, C. J., Huang, Y. T. & Hsueh, P. R. (2013). Bacteremia caused by Pantoea agglomerans at a medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2010. J. of Microbiology, Immunology and Infect, 46(3),187-194. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.05.005.
Cunningham, D. J. &Leber, A. (2018). Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea species. In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infect.Disease, 824-827e1. https://doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-40181-4.00140-7.
Delétoile, A., Decré, D., Courant, S., Passet, V., Audo, J., Grimont, P., Arlet, G. &Brisse, S. (2009). Phylogeny and identification of Pantoea species and typing of Pantoeaagglomerans strains by multilocus gene sequencing. J.of clinical microbiology,47(2), 300–310. https://doi:org/ 10.1128/JCM.01916-08.
Dutkiewicz, J., Mackiewicz, B., Lemieszek, M. K., Golec, M.&Milanowski, J. (2016). Pantoeaagglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects. Annals of Agricult and Environment Medicine, 23(2),206-22. https://doi: 10.5604/12321966.1203879.
Foxman, B . (2014).Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factorsanddisvease burden, Infect ,Dis Clin North Am ; 28(1), 1-13. https://doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.003.
Ghasemi, N., Ayatollahi, J., Mosadegh, A., Mahdavi, S.M. (2009).Relationship between ABO blood group antigens and the type of pathogen in urinary tract infection in patients referred to university laoratorie in Yazd (Persian). Sci J. Iran Blood Transfus Organ, 5(4),267-73.URL: http://bloodjournal.ir/article-1-275-en.html.
Kang, J. E., Jeon, B. J., Park, M. Y., Yang, H. J., Kwon, J., Lee, D. H. & Kim, B. S. (2020). Inhibition of the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 by resveratrol oligomers identified in Vitisvinifera L. Pest managsci, 76(7), 2294-2303. https://doi: 10.1002/ps.5764.
Kernell Burke, A., Duong, D. A., Jensen, R. V. & Stevens, A. M. (2015). Analyzing the transcriptomes of two quorum-sensing controlled transcription factors, RcsA and LrhA, important for Pantoeastewartii virulence. PLoSOne, 10(12),e0145358.https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145358.
Kim, M. K., Lee, S. M., Seuk, S. W., San Ryu, J., Kim, H. D., Kwon, J. H. & Yun, H. D. (2017). Characterization of the rcsA Gene from Pantoea sp. Strain PPE7 and Its Influence on Extracellular Polysaccharide Production and Virulence on Pleurotuseryngii. The plant patholJ., 33(3),.276-287. https://doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.
Li, Y. R., Zou, H. S., Che, Y. Z., Cui, Y. P., Guo, W., Zou, L. F. & Chen, G. Y. (2011). A novel regulatory role of HrpD6 in regulating hrp-hrc-hpa genes in Xanthomonasoryzaepv. oryzicola. Mol Plant-microbe Interact, 24(9), 1086-1101. https://doi: 10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0205.
Ling, T. K., Tam, P. C., Liu, Z. K. & Cheng, A. F. (2001). Evaluation of VITEK 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. J. of clin.microbiol, 39(8),2964-2966. https://doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2964-2966.2001.
MacFaddin, J. F. (2000). Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA.
Mahmoudian, A. S., Jaras, M., Jarhi, A., Khajavi, A. &Mircheraghi, S. F. (2021). The Prevalence of Bacteruria and Its Relationship With ABO Blood Group in Pregnant Women. The Horizon of Medical Science, 27(3), 302-317. https://doi:org/10.32598/hms.27.3.3213.1.
Mani ,S. &Nair ,J. ( 2021) Pantoea Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Cureus 13(2): e13103. https://doi:10.7759/cureus.13103.
Mardaneh, J. & Dallal, M. M. S. (2013). Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans isolated from consumed powdered infant formula milk (PIF) in NICU ward: First report from Iran. Iran J. of Microbiol, 5(3), 263-7.
Meng, J., Young, G. & Chen, J. (2021). The Rcs System in Enterobacteriaceae: Envelope Stress Responses and Virulence Regulation. Front in Microbiol., 12, 163. https://doi 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627104.
Mirtella, D., Fedeli, P., Scendoni, R., Cannovo, N. & Cingolani, M. (2021). A Case of Nosocomial Outbreak of Pantoeaagglomerans Related to Parenteral Nutrition Procedures. In Healthcare 9( 6), 684. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060684.
Moreno-Pérez, A., Ramos, C., Rodríguez-Moreno, L.(2021).HrpL Regulon of Bacterial Pathogen of Woody Host Pseudomonas savastanoipv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. Microorganisms. 9(7),1447. https://doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9071447.
Nguyen, P. T., Nguyen, T. T., Bui, D. C., Hong, P. T., Hoang, Q. K. & Nguyen, H. T. (2020). Exopolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: the manipulation of environmental stresses for industrial applications. AIMS microbiol 6(4), 451 – 469. https://doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2020027.
Pesce, C., Jacobs, J. M., Berthelot, E., Perret, M., Vancheva, T., Bragard, C. & Koebnik, R. (2017). Comparative genomics identifies a novel conserved protein, HpaT, in proteobacterial type III secretion systems that do not possess the putative translocon protein HrpF. Front microbiol, 26(8),1177. https://doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01177.
Piqué, N., Miñana-Galbis, D., Merino, S. & Tomás, J. M. (2015). Virulence factors of Erwiniaamylovora: a review. IntJ.molsci, 16(6),12836-12854. https://doi: 10.3390/ijms160612836.
Rakhashiya, P. M., Patel, P. P., Sheth, B. P., Tank, J. G. __&Thaker, V. S. (2016). Detection of virulence and pathogenicity genes in selected phytopathovars. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection , 49(1-4)), 64-73. https://doi 10.1080/03235408.2016.1157378.
Schwarz, S., Hood, R. D. &Mougous, J. D. (2010). What is type VI secretion doing in all those bugs. Trends in microbiol, 18(12), 531-537. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.001.
Siwakoti,S.,Sah, R., Rajbhandari, R.S., Khanal, B.(2018)Pantoeaagglomerans infections in children: Report of two cases. Case Rep Pediatr 2018. 4158734. https://doi /10.1155/2018/4158734.
Srinivasan, R., Karaoz, U., Volegova, M., MacKichan, J., Kato-Maeda, M., Miller, S. & Lynch, S. V. (2015). Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PloSone, 10(2), e0117617. https://doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117617.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molbiolevol, 28(10), 2731–2739. https://doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121.
Yang, Y., Hu, H., Zhou, C., Zhang, W., Yu, Y., Liu, Q., ... & Zhang, Q. (2022). Characteristics and accurate identification of Pantoeadispersa with a case of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A case report. Medicine, 101(2),e28541. https://doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028541. Digest., 28(4), 304 – 306.
Al-baaj,A. A. A.& Al-Ramahy, S. K. (2020). Determination some virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) in Pantoea sp. isolated from hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah city. J. Physics.: Conf. Ser. ,1664( 012113) https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1664/1/012113.
Barash, I. & Manulis-Sasson, S. (2007). Virulence mechanisms and host specificity of gall-forming Pantoeaagglomerans. TRENDS in Microbiology, 15(12), 538-545. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.10.009.
Benli, E., Çırakoğlu, A., Öğreden, E., Kaya, Y., Ayyıldız, A. & Yüce, A. (2019). Do AB0 blood groups affect lower urinary tract symptoms. Turkish J. of Urology, 45(Suppl 1), S84. https://doi: 10.5152/tud.2018.25295.
Bonkat, G., Pickard, R., Bartoletti, R., et al.(2018). EAU guidelines on urogenital infections. Leiden, The Netherlands: European Association of Urology, http://uroweb.org/guideline/urological-infection.
Brown , A.E.(2007) .Microbiological Applications .10th ed.McGraw-Hill.,pp:249.
Buyukcam, A., Tuncer, Ö., Gür, D., Sancak, B., Ceyhan, M., Cengiz, A. B. & Kara, A. (2018).Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Pantoea agglomerans infection in children. J. of Infect. and Public Health, 11(3), 304-309. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.07.020.
Cheng, A., Liu, C. Y., Tsai, H. Y., Hsu, M. S., Yang, C. J., Huang, Y. T. & Hsueh, P. R. (2013). Bacteremia caused by Pantoea agglomerans at a medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2010. J. of Microbiology, Immunology and Infect, 46(3),187-194. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.05.005.
Cunningham, D. J. &Leber, A. (2018). Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea species. In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infect.Disease, 824-827e1. https://doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-40181-4.00140-7.
Delétoile, A., Decré, D., Courant, S., Passet, V., Audo, J., Grimont, P., Arlet, G. &Brisse, S. (2009). Phylogeny and identification of Pantoea species and typing of Pantoeaagglomerans strains by multilocus gene sequencing. J.of clinical microbiology,47(2), 300–310. https://doi:org/ 10.1128/JCM.01916-08.
Dutkiewicz, J., Mackiewicz, B., Lemieszek, M. K., Golec, M.&Milanowski, J. (2016). Pantoeaagglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects. Annals of Agricult and Environment Medicine, 23(2),206-22. https://doi: 10.5604/12321966.1203879.
Foxman, B . (2014).Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factorsanddisvease burden, Infect ,Dis Clin North Am ; 28(1), 1-13. https://doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.003.
Ghasemi, N., Ayatollahi, J., Mosadegh, A., Mahdavi, S.M. (2009).Relationship between ABO blood group antigens and the type of pathogen in urinary tract infection in patients referred to university laoratorie in Yazd (Persian). Sci J. Iran Blood Transfus Organ, 5(4),267-73.URL: http://bloodjournal.ir/article-1-275-en.html.
Kang, J. E., Jeon, B. J., Park, M. Y., Yang, H. J., Kwon, J., Lee, D. H. & Kim, B. S. (2020). Inhibition of the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 by resveratrol oligomers identified in Vitisvinifera L. Pest managsci, 76(7), 2294-2303. https://doi: 10.1002/ps.5764.
Kernell Burke, A., Duong, D. A., Jensen, R. V. & Stevens, A. M. (2015). Analyzing the transcriptomes of two quorum-sensing controlled transcription factors, RcsA and LrhA, important for Pantoeastewartii virulence. PLoSOne, 10(12),e0145358.https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145358.
Kim, M. K., Lee, S. M., Seuk, S. W., San Ryu, J., Kim, H. D., Kwon, J. H. & Yun, H. D. (2017). Characterization of the rcsA Gene from Pantoea sp. Strain PPE7 and Its Influence on Extracellular Polysaccharide Production and Virulence on Pleurotuseryngii. The plant patholJ., 33(3),.276-287. https://doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.
Li, Y. R., Zou, H. S., Che, Y. Z., Cui, Y. P., Guo, W., Zou, L. F. & Chen, G. Y. (2011). A novel regulatory role of HrpD6 in regulating hrp-hrc-hpa genes in Xanthomonasoryzaepv. oryzicola. Mol Plant-microbe Interact, 24(9), 1086-1101. https://doi: 10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0205.
Ling, T. K., Tam, P. C., Liu, Z. K. & Cheng, A. F. (2001). Evaluation of VITEK 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. J. of clin.microbiol, 39(8),2964-2966. https://doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2964-2966.2001.
MacFaddin, J. F. (2000). Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA.
Mahmoudian, A. S., Jaras, M., Jarhi, A., Khajavi, A. &Mircheraghi, S. F. (2021). The Prevalence of Bacteruria and Its Relationship With ABO Blood Group in Pregnant Women. The Horizon of Medical Science, 27(3), 302-317. https://doi:org/10.32598/hms.27.3.3213.1.
Mani ,S. &Nair ,J. ( 2021) Pantoea Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Cureus 13(2): e13103. https://doi:10.7759/cureus.13103.
Mardaneh, J. & Dallal, M. M. S. (2013). Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans isolated from consumed powdered infant formula milk (PIF) in NICU ward: First report from Iran. Iran J. of Microbiol, 5(3), 263-7.
Meng, J., Young, G. & Chen, J. (2021). The Rcs System in Enterobacteriaceae: Envelope Stress Responses and Virulence Regulation. Front in Microbiol., 12, 163. https://doi 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627104.
Mirtella, D., Fedeli, P., Scendoni, R., Cannovo, N. & Cingolani, M. (2021). A Case of Nosocomial Outbreak of Pantoeaagglomerans Related to Parenteral Nutrition Procedures. In Healthcare 9( 6), 684. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060684.
Moreno-Pérez, A., Ramos, C., Rodríguez-Moreno, L.(2021).HrpL Regulon of Bacterial Pathogen of Woody Host Pseudomonas savastanoipv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. Microorganisms. 9(7),1447. https://doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9071447.
Nguyen, P. T., Nguyen, T. T., Bui, D. C., Hong, P. T., Hoang, Q. K. & Nguyen, H. T. (2020). Exopolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: the manipulation of environmental stresses for industrial applications. AIMS microbiol 6(4), 451 – 469. https://doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2020027.
Pesce, C., Jacobs, J. M., Berthelot, E., Perret, M., Vancheva, T., Bragard, C. & Koebnik, R. (2017). Comparative genomics identifies a novel conserved protein, HpaT, in proteobacterial type III secretion systems that do not possess the putative translocon protein HrpF. Front microbiol, 26(8),1177. https://doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01177.
Piqué, N., Miñana-Galbis, D., Merino, S. & Tomás, J. M. (2015). Virulence factors of Erwiniaamylovora: a review. IntJ.molsci, 16(6),12836-12854. https://doi: 10.3390/ijms160612836.
Rakhashiya, P. M., Patel, P. P., Sheth, B. P., Tank, J. G. __&Thaker, V. S. (2016). Detection of virulence and pathogenicity genes in selected phytopathovars. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection , 49(1-4)), 64-73. https://doi 10.1080/03235408.2016.1157378.
Schwarz, S., Hood, R. D. &Mougous, J. D. (2010). What is type VI secretion doing in all those bugs. Trends in microbiol, 18(12), 531-537. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.001.
Siwakoti,S.,Sah, R., Rajbhandari, R.S., Khanal, B.(2018)Pantoeaagglomerans infections in children: Report of two cases. Case Rep Pediatr 2018. 4158734. https://doi /10.1155/2018/4158734.
Srinivasan, R., Karaoz, U., Volegova, M., MacKichan, J., Kato-Maeda, M., Miller, S. & Lynch, S. V. (2015). Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PloSone, 10(2), e0117617. https://doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117617.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molbiolevol, 28(10), 2731–2739. https://doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121.
Yang, Y., Hu, H., Zhou, C., Zhang, W., Yu, Y., Liu, Q., ... & Zhang, Q. (2022). Characteristics and accurate identification of Pantoeadispersa with a case of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A case report. Medicine, 101(2),e28541. https://doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028541. Digest., 28(4), 304 – 306.
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Detection of some virulence factors of Pantoea species isolated from urinary tract infections in the Iraqi population. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(4), 1720-1726. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i4.4991
