Adoption of smokeless Chulha (Stove) in rural of Meghalaya and its feasibility: A case study
Article Main
Abstract
The smokeless chulha is a kind of stove that can directly impact the health of women in rural areas who are burning firewood as cooking fuel. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the smokeless chulha and to compare the social and economic benefits associated with it. The smokeless Chulhas (stoves) were distributed among the villagers in Tuber Kmai village of Meghalaya, India and its impact was compared with the traditional chulha used by the villagers. The efficacy of the smokeless chulhas was measured and compared with traditional chulhas in term of cooking time, fire wood consumption, gases, volatile compounds and particulate matter emitted. To measure the amount of gases, volatile compounds and particulate matter released, multifunctional air gas and particulate matter Detector (Labart, India) was used. Compared to traditional chulha, smokeless chulha showed 68.7 % reduction in firewood consumption and 45% reduction in cooking time. In addition, smokeless chulha showed 68.9% and 98% reduction in carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide compared to traditional chulha. Further, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed for particulate matter (75%-87%), formaldehyde (75%) and total volatile organic compounds (88.5%). The results indicate that smokeless chulha could save a huge number of natural resources by reducing the cutting of forest. Moreover, smokeless chulha has a positive economic impact on family income.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Firewood, Smokeless chulha, Particulate matter
References
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Chandra N, R., Roul, M. K., Sarangi, A., Chandra P, R., Misra, M., Samanta, P., Sankar Das, S., Bijeta N, B., Debadatta B, D., Kumari S, R., Sahu, S., & Ranjan G, S. (2022a). Sustainable Energy Business Model and Strategies for Marketing of Clean Energy Products in Rural Areas of India. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1084(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.10 88/1755-1315/1084/1/012001
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Devi, S., & Singh, L. (2018). Contribution of Smokeless Chulha for Rural Cooking in Churachandpur District, Manipur. Indian Journal of Hill Farming. 113-117.
Dilshad, U., Rajput, A., & Chauhan, R. (2020). Smokeless Chulhas: A Step towards Energy Conservation. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 1(2), 21-23.
Gao, D., Ripley, S., Weichenthal, S., & Godri Pollitt, K. J. (2020). Ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: Chemical determinants, associated health effects, and strategies for risk management. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 151, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FREERA DBIOMED.2020.04.028
Hussain, A. J., Ambade, B., Sankar, T. K., Mohammad, F., Soleiman, A. A., & Gautam, S. (2023). Black carbon emissions in the rural Indian households: Sources, exposure, and associated threats. Geological Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/GJ.4775
Khandelwal, M., Hill, M. E., Beck, M., Valappanandi, S., & Mahapatra, H. (2022). The Gender of Fuelwood: Headloads and Truckloads in India. Journal of South Asian Development, 17(2), 230–259. https://doi.org/10.117 7/09731741221078170
Lachowicz, J. I., Milia, S., Jaremko, M., Oddone, E., Cannizzaro, E., Cirrincione, L., Malta, G., Campagna, M., & Lecca, L. I. (2022). Cooking Particulate Matter: A Systematic Review on Nanoparticle Exposure in the Indoor Cooking Environment. Atmosphere, 14(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS14010012/S1
Lee, C. W., Vo, T. T. T., Wee, Y., Chiang, Y. C., Chi, M. C., Chen, M. L., Hsu, L. F., Fang, M. L., Lee, K. H., Guo, S. E., Cheng, H. C., & Lee, I. T. (2021). The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications. Journal of Inflammation Research, 14, 5451–5472. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S332771
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Manojkumar, N., & Srimuruganandam, B. (2021). Health effects of particulate matter in major Indian cities. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 31(3), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1651257
Mownika, T., Ramesh, S., Narayanan, A., Nair, A. A., Gokul, V. D., Frey, L. M., & Mohan, R. (2021). Evaluating the Role of Energy in a Poorly Developed Rural Village: How Technology can Support Energy Services for Enhanced Quality of Life. IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference, R10-HTC, 2021-September. https://doi.org/10.1109/R10-HTC53172.2021.9641723
Naddafi, K., Nabizadeh, R., Rostami, R., Ghaffari, H. R., & Fazlzadeh, M. (2019). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the indoor air of waterpipe cafés: Measuring exposures and assessing health effects. Building and Environment, 165, 106392. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDE NV.2019.106392
Oh, H. J., Sohn, J. R., Roh, J. S., & Kim, J. (2020). Exposure to respirable particles and TVOC in underground parking garages under different types of ventilation and their associated health effects. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 13(3), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11869-020-00791-0/METRICS
Panwar, P., Gupta, P., Extension, N. R.-I. R. J. of, & 2006, undefined. (2006). Smokeless Chulha–An Important Drudgery Reducing Technology for Farm Women. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research , 22(2), 187–197.
Patil, R., Roy, S., Gore, M., Ghorpade, M., Pillarisetti, A., Chakma, J., & Juvekar, S. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators of uptake and sustained use of LPG through the PMUY in tribal communities of Pune district. Energy for Sustainable Development, 63, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.10 16/J.ESD.2021.04.008
Scott, A. F., & Reilly, C. A. (2019). Wood and Biomass Smoke: Addressing Human Health Risks and Exposures. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 32(2), 219–221. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.CHEMRESTOX.8B00 318/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/TX-2018-00318G_0002.JPEG
Sheikh, F. A., & Bhaduri, S. (2020). Grassroots innovations in the informal economy: insights from value theory. Oxford Development Studies, 48(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2020.1717453
Shrestha, I. L., & Shrestha, S. L. (2013). Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass Fuels and Respiratory Health of the Exposed Population in Nepalese Households. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health , 11(2), 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1179/OEH.2005.11.2.150
Sidibe, A., Sakamoto, Y., Murano, K., Sato, K., Yuba, A., Futami, M., Koita, O. A., Traore, I., & Kajii, Y. (2022). Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter from Household Activities in Bamako, Mali, Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Atmosphere, 13(8), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS13081290/S1
Smith, K. R. (2000). National burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(24), 13286–13293. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.97.24.13286/SUPPL_FILE/2587SUPPLFIGS.PDF
Southerland, V. A., Brauer, M., Mohegh, A., Hammer, M. S., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Apte, J. S., & Anenberg, S. C. (2022). Global urban temporal trends in fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and attributable health burdens: estimates from global datasets. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(2), e139–e146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00350-8
Venkataraman, C., Sagar, A. D., Habib, G., Lam, N., & Smith, K. R. (2010). The Indian National Initiative for Advanced Biomass Cookstoves: The benefits of clean combustion. Energy for Sustainable Development, 14(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESD.2010.04.005
Witinok-Huber, R., Clark, M. L., Volckens, J., Young, B. N., Benka-Coker, M. L., Walker, E., Peel, J. L., Quinn, C., & Keller, J. P. (2022). Effects of household and participant characteristics on personal exposure and kitchen concentration of fine particulate matter and black carbon in rural Honduras. Environmental Research, 214, 113869. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2022.113869
Wu, Y., Fan, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Sun, L., Fang, T., Mao, H., Hu, J., Wu, L., Peng, J., & Wang, S. (2023). Source apportionment of VOCs based on photochemical loss in summer at a suburban site in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 293, 119459. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2022.119459
Xu, J., Wang, P., Li, T., Shi, G., Wang, M., Huang, L., Kong, S., Gong, J., Yang, W., Wang, X., Geng, C., Han, B., & Bai, Z. (2022). Exposure to Source-Specific Particulate Matter and Health Effects: a Review of Epidemiological Studies. Current Pollution Reports, 8(4), 569–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40726-022-00235-6/METRICS
Belachew, A., & Melka, Y. (2023). Preferences and adoption of improved cookstove from results-based financing program in Southeastern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, 1147545. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENRG.2023.1147545
Bhattacharya, S. C. & Abdul S, P. (2002). Low greenhouse gas biomass options for cooking in the developing countries. Biomass and Bioenergy, 22(4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00008-9
Bhojvaid, V., Jeuland, M., Kar, A., Lewis, J. J., Pattanayak, S. K., Ramanathan, N., Ramanathan, V., & Rehman, I. H. (2014). How do People in Rural India Perceive Improved Stoves and Clean Fuel? Evidence from Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(2), 1341–1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH110201341
Chandra N M R, R. K., Debadarsi Roul, P., Nayak, R., Roul, M., & Roul, P. (2022). Design and development of smokeless stove for a sustainable growth. Journals.Pan.Pl, 43(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.24425/ather.2022.140927
Chandra N, R., Roul, M. K., Sarangi, A., Chandra P, R., Misra, M., Samanta, P., Sankar Das, S., Bijeta N, B., Debadatta B, D., Kumari S, R., Sahu, S., & Ranjan G, S. (2022a). Sustainable Energy Business Model and Strategies for Marketing of Clean Energy Products in Rural Areas of India. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1084(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.10 88/1755-1315/1084/1/012001
Das, S., Innovation, H. P.-J. of R. and S., & 2017, undefined. (2009). Smokeless chulha–A way for enhancing quality of life. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 22(2), 187–197.
Devi, S., & Singh, L. (2018). Contribution of Smokeless Chulha for Rural Cooking in Churachandpur District, Manipur. Indian Journal of Hill Farming. 113-117.
Dilshad, U., Rajput, A., & Chauhan, R. (2020). Smokeless Chulhas: A Step towards Energy Conservation. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 1(2), 21-23.
Gao, D., Ripley, S., Weichenthal, S., & Godri Pollitt, K. J. (2020). Ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: Chemical determinants, associated health effects, and strategies for risk management. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 151, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FREERA DBIOMED.2020.04.028
Hussain, A. J., Ambade, B., Sankar, T. K., Mohammad, F., Soleiman, A. A., & Gautam, S. (2023). Black carbon emissions in the rural Indian households: Sources, exposure, and associated threats. Geological Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/GJ.4775
Khandelwal, M., Hill, M. E., Beck, M., Valappanandi, S., & Mahapatra, H. (2022). The Gender of Fuelwood: Headloads and Truckloads in India. Journal of South Asian Development, 17(2), 230–259. https://doi.org/10.117 7/09731741221078170
Lachowicz, J. I., Milia, S., Jaremko, M., Oddone, E., Cannizzaro, E., Cirrincione, L., Malta, G., Campagna, M., & Lecca, L. I. (2022). Cooking Particulate Matter: A Systematic Review on Nanoparticle Exposure in the Indoor Cooking Environment. Atmosphere, 14(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS14010012/S1
Lee, C. W., Vo, T. T. T., Wee, Y., Chiang, Y. C., Chi, M. C., Chen, M. L., Hsu, L. F., Fang, M. L., Lee, K. H., Guo, S. E., Cheng, H. C., & Lee, I. T. (2021). The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications. Journal of Inflammation Research, 14, 5451–5472. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S332771
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Manojkumar, N., & Srimuruganandam, B. (2021). Health effects of particulate matter in major Indian cities. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 31(3), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1651257
Mownika, T., Ramesh, S., Narayanan, A., Nair, A. A., Gokul, V. D., Frey, L. M., & Mohan, R. (2021). Evaluating the Role of Energy in a Poorly Developed Rural Village: How Technology can Support Energy Services for Enhanced Quality of Life. IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference, R10-HTC, 2021-September. https://doi.org/10.1109/R10-HTC53172.2021.9641723
Naddafi, K., Nabizadeh, R., Rostami, R., Ghaffari, H. R., & Fazlzadeh, M. (2019). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the indoor air of waterpipe cafés: Measuring exposures and assessing health effects. Building and Environment, 165, 106392. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDE NV.2019.106392
Oh, H. J., Sohn, J. R., Roh, J. S., & Kim, J. (2020). Exposure to respirable particles and TVOC in underground parking garages under different types of ventilation and their associated health effects. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 13(3), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11869-020-00791-0/METRICS
Panwar, P., Gupta, P., Extension, N. R.-I. R. J. of, & 2006, undefined. (2006). Smokeless Chulha–An Important Drudgery Reducing Technology for Farm Women. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research , 22(2), 187–197.
Patil, R., Roy, S., Gore, M., Ghorpade, M., Pillarisetti, A., Chakma, J., & Juvekar, S. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators of uptake and sustained use of LPG through the PMUY in tribal communities of Pune district. Energy for Sustainable Development, 63, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.10 16/J.ESD.2021.04.008
Scott, A. F., & Reilly, C. A. (2019). Wood and Biomass Smoke: Addressing Human Health Risks and Exposures. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 32(2), 219–221. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.CHEMRESTOX.8B00 318/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/TX-2018-00318G_0002.JPEG
Sheikh, F. A., & Bhaduri, S. (2020). Grassroots innovations in the informal economy: insights from value theory. Oxford Development Studies, 48(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2020.1717453
Shrestha, I. L., & Shrestha, S. L. (2013). Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass Fuels and Respiratory Health of the Exposed Population in Nepalese Households. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health , 11(2), 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1179/OEH.2005.11.2.150
Sidibe, A., Sakamoto, Y., Murano, K., Sato, K., Yuba, A., Futami, M., Koita, O. A., Traore, I., & Kajii, Y. (2022). Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter from Household Activities in Bamako, Mali, Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Atmosphere, 13(8), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS13081290/S1
Smith, K. R. (2000). National burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(24), 13286–13293. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.97.24.13286/SUPPL_FILE/2587SUPPLFIGS.PDF
Southerland, V. A., Brauer, M., Mohegh, A., Hammer, M. S., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Apte, J. S., & Anenberg, S. C. (2022). Global urban temporal trends in fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and attributable health burdens: estimates from global datasets. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(2), e139–e146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00350-8
Venkataraman, C., Sagar, A. D., Habib, G., Lam, N., & Smith, K. R. (2010). The Indian National Initiative for Advanced Biomass Cookstoves: The benefits of clean combustion. Energy for Sustainable Development, 14(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESD.2010.04.005
Witinok-Huber, R., Clark, M. L., Volckens, J., Young, B. N., Benka-Coker, M. L., Walker, E., Peel, J. L., Quinn, C., & Keller, J. P. (2022). Effects of household and participant characteristics on personal exposure and kitchen concentration of fine particulate matter and black carbon in rural Honduras. Environmental Research, 214, 113869. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2022.113869
Wu, Y., Fan, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Sun, L., Fang, T., Mao, H., Hu, J., Wu, L., Peng, J., & Wang, S. (2023). Source apportionment of VOCs based on photochemical loss in summer at a suburban site in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 293, 119459. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2022.119459
Xu, J., Wang, P., Li, T., Shi, G., Wang, M., Huang, L., Kong, S., Gong, J., Yang, W., Wang, X., Geng, C., Han, B., & Bai, Z. (2022). Exposure to Source-Specific Particulate Matter and Health Effects: a Review of Epidemiological Studies. Current Pollution Reports, 8(4), 569–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40726-022-00235-6/METRICS
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How to Cite
Adoption of smokeless Chulha (Stove) in rural of Meghalaya and its feasibility: A case study. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(3), 1188-1194. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4782
