Effectiveness of Forest statutes in the conservation of Aravalli range in Urbanized complex- A case of Gurugram District (Haryana), India
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Vasvi Tyagi
Santosh Pal Singh
K.E Mothi Kumar
Maya Kumari
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-2803
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-2803
Abstract
Gurugram is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi, which witnessed unprecedented growth in the past two decades. The
city of Gurugram in Haryana State, India, has a fringe of Aravalli hills on either side as the western and the eastern range ridge. On the foothills of the eastern ridge, there has been a major development in the revenue estate of Behrampur to Nathupur, whereas, on the western ridge, the major development has been from the revenue estate of Manesar to Naurangpur of Urban development complex. Majority of the Revenue Estate in the areas in the foothills of Aravalli are covered under Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900. The areas in Arravali ranges covered under development plans have witnessed urbanization. In
contrast, the areas which are protected by forest statute and have come under Urban development plans have been saved from urban sprawls to a great extent. The present study analyses urban plans and development in areas not protected by forest
statutes to those with some umbrella of protection. The successive development plans including Gurugram Developmental Plan (GDP) 2021 of 2007, GDP 2020 of 2011, GDP 2031 of 2012, and Gwal Pahari Developmental Plan of 2010 amended in 2016 has increased the commercial value of land, exposing them to urbanization due to better economic returns. The study, however, strengthens the perception that despite being prone to development opportunity, the areas covered under forest statutes or by Hon’ble court orders have been protected from urban expansion and developmental sprawl.
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Keywords
Forest Satutes, Gurugram, Urban development Plans, Forest land violation, PLP Act, Aravalli Notification, Aravalli ranges, Urbanization
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Yin, J. Y. (2011). Monitoring urban expansion and land use/ land cover change of Shanghai Metropoliton area during the transitional economy(1979-2009_ in China. Enviornmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177(1-4), 609-621.
Zhan, Q. M. (2002). Hierarchical image object based structural analysis toward urban land use classification using HR imagery and airborne lidar data. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Remote Sensing of Urban Areas Istanbul Technical University. (pp. 251-258).
Agarwal, C. (2016). Securing Ground Water Recharge and Biodiversity Benefits in the Aravalli Hills in the Southern Haryana Region of the Central National Capital Region- A feasibily Report. CIFOR, New Delhi: Winrock International India.
Aijaz, R. (2019). India’s Peri-Urban Regions: The Need for Policy and the Challenges of Governance. Observer Research Foundation Issue Brief , 285, 1-12.
Alberti, M. (2005). The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International Regional Science Review,28(2), 268–192.
Bilal, H., & Talukdar, G. (2017). Mapping landuse/landcover patterns in Aravallis Hharyana with Reference to Status of Key WildlifeSspecies. Dehradun: Wildlife Institute of India.
Celestine, A. (2012, January 22). The Aravalli policy lesson: Aravalli's real problem may not be miners but a real estate boom. Economic Times.
CGWB. (2000). Annual Report. Faridabad: Ministry of Water Resources.
Chatterji, T. (2013). The Micro-Politics of Urban Transformation in the Context of Globalisation: A Case Study of Gurgaon, India. South Asia Journal of South asian Studies , 36(2) https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2012.739272, 273-287.
Cowan, T. (2018, July 30). The Urban Village, Agrarian Transformation, and Rentier Capitalism in Gurgaon, India. Retrieved from Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12404
Dulhar, A. (2015). Plant diversity assessment of Sariska tiger reserve in Aravallis. Tropical Plant Research, 30-35.
Dutta, V. (2012). Land Use Dynamics and Peri-urban Growth Characteristics: Reflections on Master Plan and Urban Suitability from a Sprawling North Indian City. Environment and Urbanization Asia, 277-301.
Follmann, A. H. (2018). Multi-temporal transect analysis of peri-urban developments in Faridabad, India. Journal of Maps, 14(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744 5647.2018.1424656.
Gaury, P. K. (2017). Plant Species Composition and Diversity at the Aravalli Mountain Range in Haryana. India. Journal of Biodiversity, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/0976 6901.2017.1336306, 34-43.
Gupta, A. T. (2022). An analysis of land and property development models, and stakeholders: A case of National Capital Region, India. Landuse Policy, 117,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.
Gupta, R. & Nangia, N. (2005). Population Explosion and Land Use Changes in Gurgaon City Region-A Satellite of Delhi Metropolis. Retrieved from popconf.org: https://ipc2005.popconf.org/papers/50502
Haas, J. (Feburary 2016). Remote Sensing of Urbanization and Enviornmental Impacts. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).
Herold, M., Menz, G. & Clarke, K. (2001, January). Remote Sensing and Urban Growth Models – Demands and Perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.researchg ate.net/publication/228601218
Jain, S., Kohli, D., Rao, R. & W, B. (2011). Spatial Metrics to Analyse the Impact of Regional factors on Pattern of Urbanization in India. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 39, 203-212.
Kumar, P. & Tripathy, A. (2019). Monitoring and Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Urban Growth of Delhi, India using Cellular Automata and Geoinformatics. Retrieved from www.elsivier.com.
Lu.D, Masuel.P, Brondi'zio.E, & Moran.E. (2004). Change Detection Techniques. International journal of Remote Sensing. l 20, (12), 2365–2407.
M.C Mehta versus Union of India, 4677 of 1985 (Supreme Court of India 03 18, 2004).
Malik, M. R. (2008). Working Plan of Gurugram. Gurugram: Forest Department Haryana.
Mishra, p. (2022). Changing Agriculture and Climate Variability in Peri-urban Gurgaon,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6. In V. Narain, Water Security, Conflict and Coperation in Peri-Urban Asia (pp. 105-122).
Morya, C. P. (2022). Impact of urbanization processes on availability of ecosystem services in National Capital Region of Delhi (1992–2010). , 7324–7348. . Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(5), , 7324-7348 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-017.
Mukherjee, D. &. (2016). Application of Strategic Environmental Assessment as a Land Use Planning Tool in India: A Case of Gurgaon-Manesar Development Plan, Haryana, India. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 18(2). https://:doi.org/10.1142/S1464333 216500174.
Mukherjee, D. & Rajvanshi, A. (2016). Application of Strategic Assessment as Land Tool in India: Acase of Gurgaon Manesar Developmental Plan. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 18(2) https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333216500174.
Narain, V. (2009). Growing city, shrinking hinterland: land acquisition, transition and conflict in peri-urban Gurgaon, India. Enviornment and Urbanization 2,DOI: 10.1177/0956247809339660 , 501-512.
Narain, V. & Singh, A. (2017). Flowing against the current: The socio-technical mediattion of water (in) security peri-urban Gurgaon, India. Geoforum, Volume 81,, 66-67.
Nathalia, D. M. (2017). Environs (Faridabad District, Haryana)Environmental Change Detection using Geo-Spatial Techniques in Aravalli hills and. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 12(5),, 865-875.
Nur Yagmur, A. D. (2022). Assessment of Rapid Urbanization Effects with Remote Sensing Techniques. Innovations in Smart Cities Applications 5,The Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart City Applications (pp. 571-585).
Prakash, A. (2017). The Hybrid State and Regulation of Land and Real Estate: A Case Study of Gurugram, Haryana. . Review of Development and Change, 22(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120170107, 173-197. Punjab Land Preservation (Chos)Act, . (1900).
Rathore, N. S. (2002). Deforestation in great Aravalli Mountain Region of India. Retrieved from GISdevelopment.net: http://a-a-r-g/aars/proceeding/ACRS2002/Papers/HMD02-2.htm
Roth.D, M.S.A., K., Jahan.I, Rehman.R, Narain.V. & A.K., S. (2018). Climates of urbanization: local experiences of water security, conflict and cooperation in peri-urban South Asia. Climate Policy, DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2018.1530967, S78-S93.
Shahabuddin, G. Y. (2012). Botanical Survey of Mangar Bani and adjacent areas: A Report on Diversity, Threats and Management. Delhi: School of Human Ecology,Ambedkar University.
Shashi Mehta, K. K. (2016). Challenges, Responses and Governance in the Conservation of Forest and Wildlife: The Case of the Aravali Ranges, Delhi NCR. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering (pp. 2088-2097). Kualalampur, Malaysia: ICCESE 2016 , 18th International Conference on Civil, Environmental and Structural Engineering.
Singh, A. (1989). Digital change detection techniques using remotely—sensed data. International Journal of Remote Sensing,25(2), 113-118.
Singh, A. & Narain.V. (2020). Lost in transition: Perspectives, processes and transformations in Periurbanizing India. In Cities 97, 102494, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102494.
Yadav, S. & Sehrawat, A. (25 May 2019). Continual Diminishing of the Aravalli Hills Assessing Intergenerational Equity. Economic and Political Weekly, 21, pp. 15-17.
Yin, J. Y. (2011). Monitoring urban expansion and land use/ land cover change of Shanghai Metropoliton area during the transitional economy(1979-2009_ in China. Enviornmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177(1-4), 609-621.
Zhan, Q. M. (2002). Hierarchical image object based structural analysis toward urban land use classification using HR imagery and airborne lidar data. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Remote Sensing of Urban Areas Istanbul Technical University. (pp. 251-258).
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Effectiveness of Forest statutes in the conservation of Aravalli range in Urbanized complex- A case of Gurugram District (Haryana), India. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(3), 1127-1136. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4745
