Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide with Thymus vulgaris extract in preservation and prolong the shelf life of cheese
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Abstract
Cheese is considered a perishable food that is affected by microorganisms, and due to the properties of nanomaterials that have antimicrobial activity, they have been used synergistically with plant extracts in inhibiting the action of microorganisms that cause cheese spoilage. In this study, TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) nanoparticles were synthesized using Thymus vulgaris leaves extract (TVLE) . Atomic Force Microscopywas used to investigate Titanium dioxide/ TVLE nanoparticles characterize, which improved the regular spherical shape and granular distribution of nanoparticles with a particle size of 13 nm . The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Titanium dioxide was at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml for TVLE, while it was 2 + 20 mg /ml for Titanium dioxide and TVLE .The inhibitory effect increased against Brucella melitensis recorded 12 mm when mixing Titanium dioxide and TVLE, compared with the inhibitory effect of Titanium dioxide, which recorded 10.5 mm and TVLE, with an inhibition diameter 8.1 mm. The effect of using titanium particles and thyme leaves’ extract was studied alone at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml and also when mixed in the microbial properties and pH of white soft cheese samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and contaminated with Brucella melitensis at refrigerated storage conditions (5Cº) for 21days. The effect of the synergism relationship between TiO2 / TVLE significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in samples contaminated and uncontaminated with B. melitensis. Adding titanium dioxide and TVLE at concentrations of 4 and 80 mg/ml contributed significantly to maintaining the pH level during the storage period compared with the control group.
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Keywords
Cheese, nanoparticles, shelf life, Thymus vulgaris, Titanium dioxide
References
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Al-Sa'ady, A.T. & Hussein ,F.H. (2020). Nanomedical Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agent against Multi-Drug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae . Sys Rev Pharm .11(10):53-63. D0i:10.31838/SRP.2020.10.11.
Aziz,W.J., Ghazai,A.J., Abd,A.J. & Habubi,N.F. ( 2020). Synthesis of TiO2NPs with agricultural waste for photo catalytic and antibacterial applications Synthesis of TiO2NPs with agricultural waste for photo catalytic and antibacterial applications. J of Phys: Conference Series. 1660(1), 2063. Doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1660/ 1/012063.
Balows,A., Davies,B.I. & Vandepitte,J. (1987). Bench-level procedure manual on basic bacteriology. World Health Organization.
Bintsis, T. (2017). Foodborne pathogens.Review. AIMS Microbio.3(3), 529-563. DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.20 17.3.529.
Boskovic,M., Zdravkovic,N., Ivanovic,J., Janjica,J., asna,D., Starcevic,M. & Baltic, M.Z., (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Thyme (Tymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils against some foodborne microorganisms. Proc. Food Sci.5,18-21. Doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.005.
Close, D . & Frewer, L. J., (2013). Nanotechnology applied to European food production – A review of ethical and regulatory issues. Tren in Food Sci. & Tech.34(1),32-43. Doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.08.006 .
Dorier,M., Tisseyre,C., Dussert,F., Béal,D., Arnal,M.A., Douki,Th., Valdiglesias,V., Laffon,B., Fraga,S. et al., (2019). Toxicological impact of acute exposure to E171 food additive and TiO2 nanoparticles on a co-culture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 845:402980. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.004.
Dudefoi, W., Villares, A., Peyron, S., Moreau,C., Ropers, M.H., Gontard1,N . & Cathala,N.,( 2017). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns. Inno Food Sci & Emer Techno.46(20),1-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.09.007.
El-sayed,S. & El-sayed, H.S. ( 2021). Antimicrobial nanoemulsion formulation based on thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil for UF labneh preservation. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 10, 1029-1041 . doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.073.
Foda,M, Hassan,A.A., El-Sayed,M.A., Rasmy,N.M., & El-Moghazy,M.M., (2010). Effect of Spearmint Essential Oil on Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of White Cheese. Am. J. Sci.6(5),272-279.
Gonelimali,F.D., Lin, j., Miao,W., Xuan,L., Charles, F., Chen,M., & Hatab,Sh.R.,(2018). Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanism of Action of Some Plant Extracts Against Food Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms . Front.Microiol., 9( 2018),1-9.
Gupta,R. & Yadav,R.K.,( 2021). Impact of Chemical Food Preservatives On Human Health. PalArch's J. Archaeol. Egypt/Egyptol 18 (15):811-818.
Hajipour, M.J., Fromm, K.M., Ashkarran, A.A., de Aberasturi, D.J., de Larramendi, I.R., Rojo,T., Serpooshan,V., Parak,W.J., & Mahmoudi,M.,2012. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles.Tren.in Biotechnol.30(10): 499-511. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.06.004.
Hameed, R.S., Fayyad,R.J., Nuaman,R.S., Hamdan, N.T. & Maliki,S.A.(2019). Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Titanium Nanoparticals using Banana Peel Extract and Investigate its Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activity . J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 13 (4), 2241-2249 . DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.13.4.38.
Jafari,S., Katouzian,I., & Akhavan.A., ( 2017). Safety and regulatory issues of nanocapsules. Nanoencapsulation technologies for the food and nutraceutical industries . Chapter: 15. 1st Edition. Publisher: Elsevier.
Lim, J.P., Baeg, G.H., Srinivasan, D.K., Dheen,S.Th. & Bay,B.H., (2017). Potential adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials commonly used in food on the miRNome . Food Chem Toxicol. 109 (Pt 1),771-779. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.030.
LongLiang,X.,Minliang,Z.,Wang,S.,Chen,X.,Ruan,Y., & Zhang,Q.Y., (2020). An analysis of the mechanism underlying photocatalytic disinfectio based on integrated metabolic networks and transcriptional data . J. Environ. Sci .92: 28-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.012.
Munera-Bedoya, O. D. , Cassoli, L. D. , Machado, P. F. & Ceron-Muñoz, M. F. ,(2017) . Influence of attitudes and behavior of milkers on the hygienic and sanitary quality of milk. Plos One, 12(9), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184640.
Nazzaro,F., Fratianni,F., De Martino,L., Coppola,R., & De Feo,V., (2013). Effect of Essential oils on Pathogenic Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals 6 (12), 1451–1474.28. doi.org/10.3390/ph6121451.
Pepi,M. & Focardi, S., (2022). The Microbiology of Cheese and Dairy Products is a Critical Step in Ensuring Health, Quality and Typicity. Corpus J Vet Dairy Sci.3(3):1-9. Doi : 10.54026/CJDVS1043.
Ragab ,A.,Edris,A.M., Shaltout,F.A.,& Salem,A.M.(2022). Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and thyme essential oil on the quality of the chicken fillet. Benha Vet. Med. J. 41 (2) :38-40.
Ramanathan ,S., Gopinath ,S. C. B., Anbu ,P., Lakshmipriya T., Kasim, F. H. & Lee C. G.,(2018). Eco-friendly synthesis of Solanum trilobatum extract-capped silver nanoparticles is compatible with good antimicrobial activities. J. Mol. Struct. 1160, 80 – 91 . doi.org/1 0.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.056.
Randhir, R., Lin,Y.T. & Shetty, K.,(2004). Phenolics, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in dark germinated fenugreek sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 13(3):295- 307.
Saka, A., Shifera,Y., Jule, L.T., Badassa ,B, Nagaprasad, N.,Shanmugam,R., Priyanka,L., Udi, D.P., Seenivasan,V. & Ramaswamy,K.,(2022). Biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by Caricaceae (Papaya) shell extracts for antifungal application. Sci. Rep . 12(1),15960. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19440-w.
Sikorska-Zimny, K., Lisiecki,,P., Gonciarz, M., Szemraj, M.. Ambroziak, O.. Suska, O. .,Turkot, M., ,Stanowska, K., Rutkowski, M. & Chmiela, W.,(2021). Influence of
agronomic practice on total phenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls content, and biological activities in dry herbs water macerates. Molecules. 26 (4), 1047. doi: 10.339 0/molecules26041047.
Sirelkhatim,A., Mahmud,Sh., Seeni,A., Kaus,N.H.M., Ann,L.Ch., Bakhori,S.Kh.M.,Hasan,H. & Mohamad,D.(2015). Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism. Nanomicro Lett .7(3), 219-242. doi: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x.
Ultee A., Bennik M.H.J. & Moezelaar R. (2002).The Phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol Is essential for action against the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002;68:1561–1568. doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1561-1568.2002.
Xiaojia ,H., Hua ,D. & Huey-min ,H.,( 2019 ).The current application of Nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Review Article. J Food Drug Anal., 27(1),1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.002.
Anesini ,C. & Perez, C.( 1993). Screening of plants used in Argentine folk medicine for antimicrobial activity . J Ethnopharmacol . 39(2),119-28. Doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90027-3.
Al-Sa'ady, A.T. & Hussein ,F.H. (2020). Nanomedical Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agent against Multi-Drug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae . Sys Rev Pharm .11(10):53-63. D0i:10.31838/SRP.2020.10.11.
Aziz,W.J., Ghazai,A.J., Abd,A.J. & Habubi,N.F. ( 2020). Synthesis of TiO2NPs with agricultural waste for photo catalytic and antibacterial applications Synthesis of TiO2NPs with agricultural waste for photo catalytic and antibacterial applications. J of Phys: Conference Series. 1660(1), 2063. Doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1660/ 1/012063.
Balows,A., Davies,B.I. & Vandepitte,J. (1987). Bench-level procedure manual on basic bacteriology. World Health Organization.
Bintsis, T. (2017). Foodborne pathogens.Review. AIMS Microbio.3(3), 529-563. DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.20 17.3.529.
Boskovic,M., Zdravkovic,N., Ivanovic,J., Janjica,J., asna,D., Starcevic,M. & Baltic, M.Z., (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Thyme (Tymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils against some foodborne microorganisms. Proc. Food Sci.5,18-21. Doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.005.
Close, D . & Frewer, L. J., (2013). Nanotechnology applied to European food production – A review of ethical and regulatory issues. Tren in Food Sci. & Tech.34(1),32-43. Doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.08.006 .
Dorier,M., Tisseyre,C., Dussert,F., Béal,D., Arnal,M.A., Douki,Th., Valdiglesias,V., Laffon,B., Fraga,S. et al., (2019). Toxicological impact of acute exposure to E171 food additive and TiO2 nanoparticles on a co-culture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 845:402980. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.004.
Dudefoi, W., Villares, A., Peyron, S., Moreau,C., Ropers, M.H., Gontard1,N . & Cathala,N.,( 2017). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns. Inno Food Sci & Emer Techno.46(20),1-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.09.007.
El-sayed,S. & El-sayed, H.S. ( 2021). Antimicrobial nanoemulsion formulation based on thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil for UF labneh preservation. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 10, 1029-1041 . doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.073.
Foda,M, Hassan,A.A., El-Sayed,M.A., Rasmy,N.M., & El-Moghazy,M.M., (2010). Effect of Spearmint Essential Oil on Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of White Cheese. Am. J. Sci.6(5),272-279.
Gonelimali,F.D., Lin, j., Miao,W., Xuan,L., Charles, F., Chen,M., & Hatab,Sh.R.,(2018). Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanism of Action of Some Plant Extracts Against Food Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms . Front.Microiol., 9( 2018),1-9.
Gupta,R. & Yadav,R.K.,( 2021). Impact of Chemical Food Preservatives On Human Health. PalArch's J. Archaeol. Egypt/Egyptol 18 (15):811-818.
Hajipour, M.J., Fromm, K.M., Ashkarran, A.A., de Aberasturi, D.J., de Larramendi, I.R., Rojo,T., Serpooshan,V., Parak,W.J., & Mahmoudi,M.,2012. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles.Tren.in Biotechnol.30(10): 499-511. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.06.004.
Hameed, R.S., Fayyad,R.J., Nuaman,R.S., Hamdan, N.T. & Maliki,S.A.(2019). Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Titanium Nanoparticals using Banana Peel Extract and Investigate its Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activity . J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 13 (4), 2241-2249 . DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.13.4.38.
Jafari,S., Katouzian,I., & Akhavan.A., ( 2017). Safety and regulatory issues of nanocapsules. Nanoencapsulation technologies for the food and nutraceutical industries . Chapter: 15. 1st Edition. Publisher: Elsevier.
Lim, J.P., Baeg, G.H., Srinivasan, D.K., Dheen,S.Th. & Bay,B.H., (2017). Potential adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials commonly used in food on the miRNome . Food Chem Toxicol. 109 (Pt 1),771-779. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.030.
LongLiang,X.,Minliang,Z.,Wang,S.,Chen,X.,Ruan,Y., & Zhang,Q.Y., (2020). An analysis of the mechanism underlying photocatalytic disinfectio based on integrated metabolic networks and transcriptional data . J. Environ. Sci .92: 28-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.012.
Munera-Bedoya, O. D. , Cassoli, L. D. , Machado, P. F. & Ceron-Muñoz, M. F. ,(2017) . Influence of attitudes and behavior of milkers on the hygienic and sanitary quality of milk. Plos One, 12(9), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184640.
Nazzaro,F., Fratianni,F., De Martino,L., Coppola,R., & De Feo,V., (2013). Effect of Essential oils on Pathogenic Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals 6 (12), 1451–1474.28. doi.org/10.3390/ph6121451.
Pepi,M. & Focardi, S., (2022). The Microbiology of Cheese and Dairy Products is a Critical Step in Ensuring Health, Quality and Typicity. Corpus J Vet Dairy Sci.3(3):1-9. Doi : 10.54026/CJDVS1043.
Ragab ,A.,Edris,A.M., Shaltout,F.A.,& Salem,A.M.(2022). Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and thyme essential oil on the quality of the chicken fillet. Benha Vet. Med. J. 41 (2) :38-40.
Ramanathan ,S., Gopinath ,S. C. B., Anbu ,P., Lakshmipriya T., Kasim, F. H. & Lee C. G.,(2018). Eco-friendly synthesis of Solanum trilobatum extract-capped silver nanoparticles is compatible with good antimicrobial activities. J. Mol. Struct. 1160, 80 – 91 . doi.org/1 0.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.056.
Randhir, R., Lin,Y.T. & Shetty, K.,(2004). Phenolics, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in dark germinated fenugreek sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 13(3):295- 307.
Saka, A., Shifera,Y., Jule, L.T., Badassa ,B, Nagaprasad, N.,Shanmugam,R., Priyanka,L., Udi, D.P., Seenivasan,V. & Ramaswamy,K.,(2022). Biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by Caricaceae (Papaya) shell extracts for antifungal application. Sci. Rep . 12(1),15960. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19440-w.
Sikorska-Zimny, K., Lisiecki,,P., Gonciarz, M., Szemraj, M.. Ambroziak, O.. Suska, O. .,Turkot, M., ,Stanowska, K., Rutkowski, M. & Chmiela, W.,(2021). Influence of
agronomic practice on total phenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls content, and biological activities in dry herbs water macerates. Molecules. 26 (4), 1047. doi: 10.339 0/molecules26041047.
Sirelkhatim,A., Mahmud,Sh., Seeni,A., Kaus,N.H.M., Ann,L.Ch., Bakhori,S.Kh.M.,Hasan,H. & Mohamad,D.(2015). Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism. Nanomicro Lett .7(3), 219-242. doi: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x.
Ultee A., Bennik M.H.J. & Moezelaar R. (2002).The Phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol Is essential for action against the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002;68:1561–1568. doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1561-1568.2002.
Xiaojia ,H., Hua ,D. & Huey-min ,H.,( 2019 ).The current application of Nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Review Article. J Food Drug Anal., 27(1),1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.002.
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Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide with Thymus vulgaris extract in preservation and prolong the shelf life of cheese. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(3), 1212-1218. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4670
