Impact of soil fertility characteristics on artificial fertility gradient approach developed using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Alfisols
Article Main
Abstract
In the advent of precision agriculture, applying fertilizer based on soil testing is a crucial tool to prescribe nutrient levels for crops, to increase nutrient use efficiency and production. A field experiment was conducted in a farmer's field in the Dindigul district, Southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu to ascertain the effect of artificial soil fertility gradient method on soil fertility, green fodder production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (var. CO 30) and nutrient absorption. A fertility gradient technique has been investigated to produce fertilizer recommendations for location-specific in red soils (Alfisols, Typic Rhodustalf). The experimental field was separated into three equal strips: strip I, II, and III, which received applications of the three graded levels of ertilizer N0P0K0, N1P1K1, and N2P2K2, respectively. Urea, single super phosphate, and muriate of potash fertilizers, respectively, were used to apply NPK. As a gradient crop, S. bicolor was raised. The N1 level was set based on the general fertilizer recommendation of feed sorghum, while the P1 and K1 values were set based on the soil’s ability to fix 100 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 of potassium, respectively. Plant samples were taken at harvest time, and their NPK content and nutrient uptake were determined. With addition of graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Strip I, II & III increased the soil's available N, P & K status substantially in the order of Strip I<II<III and minimize the heterogeneity in the soil population , management strategies employed, and prevailing climate conditions to induce fertility variations in the same field. The outcomes showed that sorghum crop yields for fodder (Strip III – 25.01 t ha-1) and NPK uptake were significantly impacted by the application of graded amounts of NPK fertilizers.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Gradient, Sorghum, Soil fertility, NPK uptake
References
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Alias, A. K., Yusoff, M. K. & Abdullah, N. (2012). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth and yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Reviews, 33(2), 123-128.
Bhoya, M. I. T. E. S. H., Chaudhari, P. P., Raval, C. H. & Bhatt, P. K. (2013). Effect of nitrogen and zinc on yield and quality of fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolour. L Moench] varieties. Forage Research, 39(1), 24-26.
Black, C.A. (1993). Soil Fertility Evaluation and Control. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp.171-175.
Cabugao, K.G., Timm, C.M., Carrell, A.A., Childs, J., T.-Y.S. Lu, Pelletier, D.A., Weston, D.J. & Norby, R.J. (2017). "Root and rhizosphere bacterial phosphatase activity varies with tree species and soil phosphorus availability in Puerto Rico tropical forest."Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1834. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01834
Casida, L., D. Klein, & T. Santoro. 1964. "Soil dehydrogenase activity." Soil Science 98 (6):371-376. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196412000-00004
Cavalcante, T. J., Castoldi, G., Rodrigues, C. R., Nogueira, M. M. & Albert, A. M. (2018). Macro and micronutrients uptake in biomass sorghum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 48, 364-373. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4851874
Colwell, J.D. (1968). Calibration and assessment of soil tests for estimating fertilizer requirements. II. Fertilizer requirement and an evaluation of soil testing. Aust. J. Soil Res., 6: 93-103. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9680093
Haney, R. L., Haney, E. B., Smith, D. R., Harmel, R. D., & White, M. J. (2018). The soil health tool—Theory and initial broad-scale application. Applied soil ecology, 125, 162-168. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.035
Hanway, J. J. & Heidal, H. (1952). Soil analysis. Methods as used in Iowa State College, Soil testing Laboratory Iowa Agriculture, 57, 43-45.
Humphries, E. (1956). Mineral components and ash analysis. In: Moderne Method en der Pflanzenanalyse/Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. Springer. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25300-7_17
Joshi, E. (2015). Nutrient omission studies in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system (Doctoral dissertation, Division of Agronomy Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi)
Kandeler, E., Gerber, H., 1988. Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium. Biology and Fertility of Soils 6, 68-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00257924
Kumar A., Gupta, B.R. & Pathak, R. K. (2006). Effect of site specific nutrient management on yield and quality composition of maize. Indian Journal of Agriculture Biochemistry, 19(2): 63-66.
Kumar, S., Chaudhuri, S., & Maiti, S. K. (2013). Soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity in natural and mine soil-a review. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(7), 898-906. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.1 3.7.2801
Marsalis, M. A., Angadi, S. V. & Contreras-Govea, F. E. (2010). Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research, 116(1-2), 52-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.11.009
Martin, J.P. (1950). Use of acid, rose bengal, and streptomycin in the plate method for estimating soil fungi. Soil Sci., 69, 215–232.
Meena, A. K., Singh, P. & Kanwar, P. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of [Sorghum bicolor Moench] sorghum genotypes. Forage Res., 37(4), 238-240.
Mekonnen, E., A. Kebede, A. Nigussie, G. Kebede & M. Tafesse. (2021). Isolation and characterization of urease-producing soil bacteria. International Journal of Microbiology. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8888641
Mohammadi, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli & M.T. Karimi Nezhad. (2014). Crop sequences and fertilization affect soil vital enzyme activities. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 60 (6):793-798. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2013.831976
Mopagar, M. M., Biradar, S. A. & Kalaghatagi, S. B. (2023). Influence of graded levels of nitrogen application on growth and yield of multicut fodder sorghum genotypes. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(3): 1946-1949
Olsen, S.R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture.
Piper’s, C. S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. University of Adelaide, Australia
Prajapati, B., Shrivastava, A. K., Sarvade, S., Agrawal, S. B. & Solanki, R. S. (2023). Nutrient Management for Optimizing Fodder Production of Sorghum-A Review. International Journal of Bio-Resource & Stress Management, 14(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3265
Prasanthi, G., Kumar, N. G., Raghu, S., Srinivasa, N. & Gurumurthy, H. (2019). Study on the effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on microbial enzymes and soil mesofauna in soybean ecosystem. Legume Research-An International Journal, 42(2), 233-237. Doi: 10.18805/LR-3850
Qamar, R., Altaf, M. M., Alwahibi, M. S., Al-Yahyai, R., & Hussain, M. (2022). Phosphorus and potassium application improves fodder yield and quality of sorghum in Aridisol under diverse climatic conditions. Agriculture, 12(5), 593. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050593
Ramamoorthy, B & Velayutham, M. (1972). Soil fertility and fertilizer use research in India. Indian Fmg., 21(6): 80-84.
Ramamoorthy, B. & Velayutham, M. (1971). Soil Test Crop Response Correlation work in India. World soil resources report No. 41: 96-105, FAO, Rome.
Ramamoorthy, B. & Velayutham, M. (1974). Soil testing for high fertilizer efficiency. Indian Fmg., 24 (2): 82-84.
Ramamoorthy, B., Agarwal, R. K. & Singh, K. D. (1971). Soil fertility management under multiple cropping. Indian Fmg., 21(6): 50-52.
Ramamoorthy, B., Narasimham, R. K. & Dinesh, R. S. (1967). Fertiliser application for specific yield targets of Sonora 64 (wheat). Indian Fmg., 17: 43-45.
Rashid, M. & Iqbal, M. (2011). Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) fodder to phosphorus fertilizer on torripsamment soil. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(2).
Rawal, N., Khatri, N. GC, C. & Chaurasiya, B. P. (2018). Determination of indigenous nutrient supplying capacity of soil through omission plot experiment for Wheat in Western Terai of Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 35(1), 79-87. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22517
Sharma, P. S., & Ramna, S. (1993). Response of sorghum to nitrogen and potassium in Alfisol. J. Potash. Res, 9(27), 171-175.
Singh, Y. V., Mishra, S. A. & Dey, P. (2015). Soil test crop response based gradient experiment on rice (Oryza sativa L.) to NPK fertilizers in the alluvial soil of the Indo-Gangetic plains. Crop Research 50, 0970-4884.
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical methods, 6th edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Delhi, Bombay, Kolkata
Sun, Y. B., Sun, G. H., Xu, Y. M., Wang, L., Liang, X. F. & Lin, D. S. (2013). Assessment of sepiolite for immobilization of cadmium-contaminated soils. Geoderma, 193, 149–155. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.0 7.01 2
Tabatabai, M.A. & J.M. Bremner. (1969). Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1 (4):301-307. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1
Velayutham, M., Reddy, K.C.K. & Maruthi Sankar, G.R. (1978). Annual Report of the All India Co-ordinated Research Project on STCR project, Co-ordinating Cell, ICAR, New Delhi. pp: 1975-77.
Velayutham, M., Reddy, K.C.K. & Maruthi Sankar, G.R. (1985). All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Soil Test Crop Response correlation and its impact on agricultural production. Fert. News, 30(4): 81-95.
Verma M., Singh, Y.V., Babu, A., Verma, S., Meena, R. & Sahi, S.K. (2014). Soil test crop response based gradient experiment on rice (Oryza sativa L.) to fertilizers in the alluvial soil. Indian J. Agri. Allied Sci., 1(4): 51-53.
Wang, H., Yang, Z., Yu, Y., Chen, S., He, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, G., Yang, C., Liu, B. & Zhang, Z. (2017), Drought Enhances Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation in Maize Roots. Agronomy Journal, 109: 39-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.01.0030
Waksman, S.A., (1992). Microbiological analysis of soil as an index of soil fertility. III. Influence of fertilization upon numbers of microorganisms in soil. Soil Sci., 14: 321-346.
Weldegebriel, R., Araya, T. & Egziabher. Y. G. (2018). Effect of NPK and blended fertilizer application on nutrient uptake and use efficiency of selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties under rain-fed condition in Sheraro District, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 10(1), 140-156. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v10i1.10
Yamamoto, A., Nakamura, T., Adu-Gyamfi, J. J. & Saigusa, M. (2002). Relationship between chlorophyll content in leaves of sorghum and pigeonpea determined by extraction method and by chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(10), 2295-2301. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120014076
Yousaf, G., Fayyaz, F. A. & Yousaf, M. H. (2023). Interaction of Cropping Pattern and Fertility Treatments on Yield and Sustainability of Mixed Cropping System under Moisture Regime. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(4), 657-664. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2 4925/turjaf.v11i4.657-664.5390
Alias, A. K., Yusoff, M. K. & Abdullah, N. (2012). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth and yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Reviews, 33(2), 123-128.
Bhoya, M. I. T. E. S. H., Chaudhari, P. P., Raval, C. H. & Bhatt, P. K. (2013). Effect of nitrogen and zinc on yield and quality of fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolour. L Moench] varieties. Forage Research, 39(1), 24-26.
Black, C.A. (1993). Soil Fertility Evaluation and Control. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp.171-175.
Cabugao, K.G., Timm, C.M., Carrell, A.A., Childs, J., T.-Y.S. Lu, Pelletier, D.A., Weston, D.J. & Norby, R.J. (2017). "Root and rhizosphere bacterial phosphatase activity varies with tree species and soil phosphorus availability in Puerto Rico tropical forest."Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1834. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01834
Casida, L., D. Klein, & T. Santoro. 1964. "Soil dehydrogenase activity." Soil Science 98 (6):371-376. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196412000-00004
Cavalcante, T. J., Castoldi, G., Rodrigues, C. R., Nogueira, M. M. & Albert, A. M. (2018). Macro and micronutrients uptake in biomass sorghum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 48, 364-373. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4851874
Colwell, J.D. (1968). Calibration and assessment of soil tests for estimating fertilizer requirements. II. Fertilizer requirement and an evaluation of soil testing. Aust. J. Soil Res., 6: 93-103. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9680093
Haney, R. L., Haney, E. B., Smith, D. R., Harmel, R. D., & White, M. J. (2018). The soil health tool—Theory and initial broad-scale application. Applied soil ecology, 125, 162-168. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.035
Hanway, J. J. & Heidal, H. (1952). Soil analysis. Methods as used in Iowa State College, Soil testing Laboratory Iowa Agriculture, 57, 43-45.
Humphries, E. (1956). Mineral components and ash analysis. In: Moderne Method en der Pflanzenanalyse/Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. Springer. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25300-7_17
Joshi, E. (2015). Nutrient omission studies in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system (Doctoral dissertation, Division of Agronomy Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi)
Kandeler, E., Gerber, H., 1988. Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium. Biology and Fertility of Soils 6, 68-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00257924
Kumar A., Gupta, B.R. & Pathak, R. K. (2006). Effect of site specific nutrient management on yield and quality composition of maize. Indian Journal of Agriculture Biochemistry, 19(2): 63-66.
Kumar, S., Chaudhuri, S., & Maiti, S. K. (2013). Soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity in natural and mine soil-a review. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(7), 898-906. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.1 3.7.2801
Marsalis, M. A., Angadi, S. V. & Contreras-Govea, F. E. (2010). Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research, 116(1-2), 52-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.11.009
Martin, J.P. (1950). Use of acid, rose bengal, and streptomycin in the plate method for estimating soil fungi. Soil Sci., 69, 215–232.
Meena, A. K., Singh, P. & Kanwar, P. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of [Sorghum bicolor Moench] sorghum genotypes. Forage Res., 37(4), 238-240.
Mekonnen, E., A. Kebede, A. Nigussie, G. Kebede & M. Tafesse. (2021). Isolation and characterization of urease-producing soil bacteria. International Journal of Microbiology. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8888641
Mohammadi, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli & M.T. Karimi Nezhad. (2014). Crop sequences and fertilization affect soil vital enzyme activities. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 60 (6):793-798. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2013.831976
Mopagar, M. M., Biradar, S. A. & Kalaghatagi, S. B. (2023). Influence of graded levels of nitrogen application on growth and yield of multicut fodder sorghum genotypes. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(3): 1946-1949
Olsen, S.R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture.
Piper’s, C. S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. University of Adelaide, Australia
Prajapati, B., Shrivastava, A. K., Sarvade, S., Agrawal, S. B. & Solanki, R. S. (2023). Nutrient Management for Optimizing Fodder Production of Sorghum-A Review. International Journal of Bio-Resource & Stress Management, 14(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3265
Prasanthi, G., Kumar, N. G., Raghu, S., Srinivasa, N. & Gurumurthy, H. (2019). Study on the effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on microbial enzymes and soil mesofauna in soybean ecosystem. Legume Research-An International Journal, 42(2), 233-237. Doi: 10.18805/LR-3850
Qamar, R., Altaf, M. M., Alwahibi, M. S., Al-Yahyai, R., & Hussain, M. (2022). Phosphorus and potassium application improves fodder yield and quality of sorghum in Aridisol under diverse climatic conditions. Agriculture, 12(5), 593. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050593
Ramamoorthy, B & Velayutham, M. (1972). Soil fertility and fertilizer use research in India. Indian Fmg., 21(6): 80-84.
Ramamoorthy, B. & Velayutham, M. (1971). Soil Test Crop Response Correlation work in India. World soil resources report No. 41: 96-105, FAO, Rome.
Ramamoorthy, B. & Velayutham, M. (1974). Soil testing for high fertilizer efficiency. Indian Fmg., 24 (2): 82-84.
Ramamoorthy, B., Agarwal, R. K. & Singh, K. D. (1971). Soil fertility management under multiple cropping. Indian Fmg., 21(6): 50-52.
Ramamoorthy, B., Narasimham, R. K. & Dinesh, R. S. (1967). Fertiliser application for specific yield targets of Sonora 64 (wheat). Indian Fmg., 17: 43-45.
Rashid, M. & Iqbal, M. (2011). Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) fodder to phosphorus fertilizer on torripsamment soil. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(2).
Rawal, N., Khatri, N. GC, C. & Chaurasiya, B. P. (2018). Determination of indigenous nutrient supplying capacity of soil through omission plot experiment for Wheat in Western Terai of Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 35(1), 79-87. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22517
Sharma, P. S., & Ramna, S. (1993). Response of sorghum to nitrogen and potassium in Alfisol. J. Potash. Res, 9(27), 171-175.
Singh, Y. V., Mishra, S. A. & Dey, P. (2015). Soil test crop response based gradient experiment on rice (Oryza sativa L.) to NPK fertilizers in the alluvial soil of the Indo-Gangetic plains. Crop Research 50, 0970-4884.
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical methods, 6th edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Delhi, Bombay, Kolkata
Sun, Y. B., Sun, G. H., Xu, Y. M., Wang, L., Liang, X. F. & Lin, D. S. (2013). Assessment of sepiolite for immobilization of cadmium-contaminated soils. Geoderma, 193, 149–155. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.0 7.01 2
Tabatabai, M.A. & J.M. Bremner. (1969). Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1 (4):301-307. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1
Velayutham, M., Reddy, K.C.K. & Maruthi Sankar, G.R. (1978). Annual Report of the All India Co-ordinated Research Project on STCR project, Co-ordinating Cell, ICAR, New Delhi. pp: 1975-77.
Velayutham, M., Reddy, K.C.K. & Maruthi Sankar, G.R. (1985). All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Soil Test Crop Response correlation and its impact on agricultural production. Fert. News, 30(4): 81-95.
Verma M., Singh, Y.V., Babu, A., Verma, S., Meena, R. & Sahi, S.K. (2014). Soil test crop response based gradient experiment on rice (Oryza sativa L.) to fertilizers in the alluvial soil. Indian J. Agri. Allied Sci., 1(4): 51-53.
Wang, H., Yang, Z., Yu, Y., Chen, S., He, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, G., Yang, C., Liu, B. & Zhang, Z. (2017), Drought Enhances Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation in Maize Roots. Agronomy Journal, 109: 39-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.01.0030
Waksman, S.A., (1992). Microbiological analysis of soil as an index of soil fertility. III. Influence of fertilization upon numbers of microorganisms in soil. Soil Sci., 14: 321-346.
Weldegebriel, R., Araya, T. & Egziabher. Y. G. (2018). Effect of NPK and blended fertilizer application on nutrient uptake and use efficiency of selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties under rain-fed condition in Sheraro District, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 10(1), 140-156. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v10i1.10
Yamamoto, A., Nakamura, T., Adu-Gyamfi, J. J. & Saigusa, M. (2002). Relationship between chlorophyll content in leaves of sorghum and pigeonpea determined by extraction method and by chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(10), 2295-2301. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120014076
Yousaf, G., Fayyaz, F. A. & Yousaf, M. H. (2023). Interaction of Cropping Pattern and Fertility Treatments on Yield and Sustainability of Mixed Cropping System under Moisture Regime. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(4), 657-664. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2 4925/turjaf.v11i4.657-664.5390
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Impact of soil fertility characteristics on artificial fertility gradient approach developed using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Alfisols. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(2), 793-801. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4601
