Scenario of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil and its management
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Abstract
Soil is a complex structure and contains mainly five major components i.e. mineral matter, water, air, organic matter and living organisms. The quantity of these components in the soil does not remain the same but varies with the locality. Soil possesses not only a nucleus position for existence of living being but also ensures their future existence. Therefore, it is essential to make an adequate land management to maintain the quality of soil in both rural and urban soil. The presence of different kinds of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Mn, Bi and Zn etc. in trace or in minimum level is a natural phenomenon but their enhanced level is an indicator of the degree of pollution load in that specific area. The precise knowledge of these kinds of heavy metals, their forms and their dependence on soil provides a genuine base for soil management. The heavy metals have potent cumulative properties and toxicity due to which they have a potential hazardous effect not only on crop plants but also on human health. The metal contaminants can be reduced by immobilization of contaminants using macrophytes and also by using genetically engineered microorganisms.
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Keywords
Heavy metal, Contamination, Agricultural soil
References
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Aydinalp, C. and Marinova, S. (2003). Distribution and forms of heavy metals in some agricultural soils, Polish Journal of Env. Studies,12 (5) 629-633.
Birley, M. and Lock, K. (1999). A review of health impacts of peri-urban natural resource development. International Health Impact Assessment Research Group, University School of Medicine.
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Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. (1999). The nature and properties of soils. 12th ed. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Bradshaw, A. D. (1997). Restoration of mined lands-using natural process. Ecological Engineering, 8, 255–269.
Bumps, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1989). Biodegradation of DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro 2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane] by the white rot fungus, Phanerochate chrysosposium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,53:2001-2008.
Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. (1998). A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicityinseedlings. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,64 (3): 3663–3668.
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Dermatas, D. and Meng, X (2003): Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidificationof heavy metal contaminated soils. Engineering Geology, 2189, 1–18
Dikshit, A. K., Pallamreddy, K., Reddy, L. V. P. and Saha, J. C. (2000). Arsenic in ground water and its sorption by kimberlite tailings. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 35: 65–85.
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Jensen, A. and Bro-Rasmussen, F. (1992). Environmental cadmium in Europe. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 125 :101-181.
Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Álvarez-Rogel, J. and Conesa Alcaraz, H.M. (2008). Trace element concentrations in saltmarsh soils strongly affected by wastes from metal sulphide mining areas.Water,Air, Soil Pollution,188:283-295.
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Aydinalp, C. and Marinova, S. (2003). Distribution and forms of heavy metals in some agricultural soils, Polish Journal of Env. Studies,12 (5) 629-633.
Birley, M. and Lock, K. (1999). A review of health impacts of peri-urban natural resource development. International Health Impact Assessment Research Group, University School of Medicine.
Bissen, M. and Frimmel, F. H. (2000). Speciation of As(III), As (V), MMA and DMA in contaminated soil extracts by HPLC-ICP/MS. Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 367: 51–55.
Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. (1999). The nature and properties of soils. 12th ed. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Bradshaw, A. D. (1997). Restoration of mined lands-using natural process. Ecological Engineering, 8, 255–269.
Bumps, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1989). Biodegradation of DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro 2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane] by the white rot fungus, Phanerochate chrysosposium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,53:2001-2008.
Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. (1998). A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicityinseedlings. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,64 (3): 3663–3668.
Cole, D. C., Diamond, M., Bassil, K. and Heather, J. (2003). Health risk and benefit assessment in UPA. SSA workshop on health risks and benefits of urban and peri-urban agriculture. Nairobi, Kenya.
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Chang, A., Page, A. and Asano, T., (1995). Developing human health-related chemical guidelines for reclaimed wastewater and sewage sludge applications in agriculture. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO).
Chen, T. B.,Wong, J.W.C., Zhou, H. Y. and Wong,M.H. (1997). Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Hong Kong. Environ. Pollut., 96 (1): 61–68.
Craig, J.R., Rimstidt, J.D., Bonnaffon, C.A., Collins,T.K. and Scanlon, P.F. (1999). Surface water transport of lead at a shooting range. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63: 312–319.
de Meeus, C., Eduljee, G. H. and Hutton, M., (2002). Assessment and management of risks arising from exposure to cadmium in fertilizers I. Sci. Total Environ., 291(1-3): 167–187.
de Souza, MP, Huang, CP, Chee, N. and Terry, N. (1999).Rhizosphere bacteria enhance the accumulation of selenium and mercury in wetland plants. Planta, 209 (2):259–263.
Dermatas, D. and Meng, X (2003): Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidificationof heavy metal contaminated soils. Engineering Geology, 2189, 1–18
Dikshit, A. K., Pallamreddy, K., Reddy, L. V. P. and Saha, J. C. (2000). Arsenic in ground water and its sorption by kimberlite tailings. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 35: 65–85.
Friedland, A.J. (1989). The movement of metals through soils and ecosystem. In: Shaw, A.J. (Ed.). Heavy metal tolerance in plants: Evolutionary aspects. CRC press, Inc, Boca Raton: 7-20.
Feller, K. A. (2000). Phytoremediation of soils and waters contaminated with arsenicals from former chemical warfare installations. In :D. L. Wise, D. J. Trantolo, E. J. Cichon, and U. Stottmeister (Eds.), Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils (pp. 771–786). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Fuller, W.H. (1977). Movement of selected metals, asbestos and cyanide in soil: Application to waste disposal problem. EPA- 600/2-77-020.Solid and hazardous waste research division, U.S. Environmental protection agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Guiné, V., Vitorge, E., Gaudet, J.P., Spadini, L. and Martins, J.M.F. (2008). Role of bacteria in the accelerated transfer of heavy metals in soils: Advantages for polluted soil bio remediation.Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-07874, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/ EGU2008-A-07874.
Gupta, A.K., Sinha, S., Basant, A. and Singh, K.P. (2007). Multivariate analysis of selected metals in agricultural soil receiving UASB treated tannery effluent at Jajmau, Kanpur (India). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 79:577-582.
Jensen, A. and Bro-Rasmussen, F. (1992). Environmental cadmium in Europe. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 125 :101-181.
Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Álvarez-Rogel, J. and Conesa Alcaraz, H.M. (2008). Trace element concentrations in saltmarsh soils strongly affected by wastes from metal sulphide mining areas.Water,Air, Soil Pollution,188:283-295.
Kara, E. E., Pirlak, U. and Ozdilek, H. G. (2004). Evaluation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) distribution in sowing regions of potato fields in the province of Nigde, Turkey. Water Air Soil Pollut, 153(1-4): 173–186.
Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias, H. (1992). Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC Press, Baton Raton, FL. pp. 365.
Kovacs, A., Dubbin, W. E. and Tamas, J. ( 2006). Influence of hydrology on heavy metal speciation and mobility in a Pb-Zn mine tailing. Environ. Pollut., 141(2): 310–320.
Lasat, M. M. (2002). Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanism. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31: 109–120.
Lee, B., Pometto, A.L. and Fratzke (1991). Biodegradation of degradable plastic polythene by Phaneochate and Streptomyces species. Appl. Environ. Microbio., 57:678-683.
Lin, T.-H., Huang, Y.-L. and Wang, M.Y. (1998). Arsenic species in drinking water, hair, fingernails, and urine of patients with blackfoot disease. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 53:85–93.
Lokeshwari, H. and Chandrappa, G.T. (2006). Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation. Current Science, 91 (5): 622-627.
Lopez-Mosquera, M.E., Moiron, C. and Carral, E. (2000). Use of dairy industry sludge as fertilizer for grasslands in northwest Spain: Heavy metal level in the soil and plant. Resource, Conservation and Recycling, 30: 95-109.
Mason, B. and Moore, C.B. (1982).Principles of Geochemistry, John Wiley, New York. pp. 344.
Manahan, S. E. (1997). Environmental science and technology, New York: Lewis Publishers.
Masto, R.E., Chhonkar, P.K., Singh, D. and Patra, A.K. (2008). Changes in soil quality under long term sewage irrigation in a sub tropical environment. Environ. Geol.
Matsui, M., Nishigori, C., Toyokuni, S., Takada, J., Akaboshi, M. and Ishikawa, M. (1999). The role of oxidative DNA damage in human arsenic carcinogenesis: Detection of 8-hydroxy-2¢- deoxyguanosine in arsenic-related Bowen’s disease. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 113: 26–31.
Mayland, H.F., James, L.F., Panter, K.E. and Sonderegger, J.L. (1989). In: Jacobs, L.W. (Ed.), Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Spec. Pub. No. 23. ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI. pp. 15-50.
McLaughlin, M.J., Tiller, K.G., Naidu, R. and Stevens, D.G., (1996). Review: The behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers. Aust. J. Soil. Res. 34:1-54.
McGrath, Steve P.,Chaudri, Amar, M. and Giller, Ken, E. (1995). Long-term effects of metals in sewage sludge on soils, microorganisms and plants. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 14 (2): 94-104.
Merry, R.H., Tiller, K.G. and Alston, A.M. (1983). Accumulation of copper, lead and arsenic in Australian orchard soils. Aust. J.Soil Res., 21: 549-561.
Mishra, A. and Tirpathi, B.D. (2008). Heavy metal contamination of soil, and bioaccumulation in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater in the tropical city of Varanasi, India. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 1-11.Retrieved on 24.06.2008 at www.informaworld.com.
Mustafa, K., Sukru, D., Celalettin, O. and Mehmet Emin, A. (2006). Heavy metal accumulation in irrigated soil with wastewater. Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 20 (38):64-67.
Nabulo, G., Oryem-Origa, H. and Diamond M, (2006). Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda. Environ. Res., 101(1): 42–52.
Norrish, K. (1968). Some phosphate minerals in soils. Trans. 9th Int. Congr. Soil Sci., Adelaide II: 713-723.
Nriagu, J.O. (1978). Lead in soils, sediments and major rock types. In: Nriagu, J.O. (Ed.) The Biogeochemistry of lead in the environment, Part A. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 15-72.
Nyles, C.B. and Ray, R.N. (1999). The nature and properties of soils. 12th Ed. United states of America.pp.743-785.
Ona, L.F., Alberto, A.P., Prudente, J.A. and Sigua ,G.C. (2006): Levels of lead in urban soils from selected cities in the rice-based region of the Philippines. Env. Sci. Pollut. Res., 13 (3) 177–183.
O’Neill, P. (1990). Arsenic. In: Alloway, B.J. (Ed.), Heavy Metals in Soils. John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 83-99.
Oliveira, F.C. and Mattiazzo, M.E. (2001). Metais pesados em Latossolo tratado com lodo de esgoto e em plantas de cana-de-açúcar. Scientia Agricola, 58:581-593.
Obrador, A., Rico, M.I., Mingot, J.I. and Alvarej, J.M. (1997). Metal mobility and potential bioavailability in organic matter-rich soil-sludge mixtures: effect of soil type and contact time. The Science of the Total Environment, 206 :117-126.
Page, A.L., Bingham, F.T. and Chang, A.C. (1981). Cadmium. In: Lepp, N.W. (Ed.), Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants. Vol. 1: Effects of Trace Metals on Plant Function. Applied Science, London. pp. 77-109.
Palomo, A and Palacios, M. (2003). Alkali-activated cementitious materials: Alternative matrices for the immobilization of hazardous waste. Part II: Stabilization of chromium and lead. Cem. Con. and Res. 33: 289–298.
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Scenario of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil and its management. (2009). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 1(1), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.46
