Yield and component yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) effect of salicylic acid under drought stress in Indonesia
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Abstract
The use of salicylic acid as a resistance inducer agent in several plant species was well known. Salicylic acid has been believed to play an important role in inducing drought resistance. The use of salicylic acid and dryness in onion (Allium cepa L.) has never been studied. The present study aimed to ascertain how limited water supply and salicylic acid (SA) interact with onion (Allium cepa L. ) yield and component yield traits. A completely randomized design (CRD) and two-factor treatment with three replications were employed in the investigation. Drought was the first factor (FC1(field capacity), FC2 ( at 60% field capacity), FC3 (at 20% field capacity). The concentration of salicylic acid (SA) was the second component (0 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM). The following parameters were measured: relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE), plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, chlorophyll content index (CCI), proline, bulb weight (bw), strawweight (w), bulb diameter, bulb production (bp), harvest index (hi), and bulb diameter. The results showed that tillers increased (7.0 to 10.0) as SA concentration increased at three levels of dryness. However, plant height (40.6 to 30.0cm) and the number of leaves (24.3 to 16.0) decreased as drought increased. Dryness in bulb weight, strawweight, bulb diameter, and bulb production could not be alleviated by the SA concentration. Salicylic acid 1 mM has been able to overcome drought up to 20% of field capacity as indicated by plant height and leaf area but was unable to prevent drought on bulb weight and tuber diameter. Thus, the concentration of salicylic acid given would help to overcome drought (water deficit) in shallot plants.
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Keywords
Drought, Onion bulbs, Proline, Salicylic acid, Tiller
References
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Arefi, M. K., S. H, Azimi-Nejadian, H. & Naderi-Boldaji, M.(2022). Drought force prediction from soil relative density and relative water content for a non-winged chisel blade using finite element modelling. Journal of Terramechanics, 100 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2022.01.001
Atta, K., Sen, J., Chettri, P. & Pal, A.K. (2022). Antioxidant Responses of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Seedling under Iso-osmotic Potential of Salinity and Drought Stress. Legume Research, 45(4): 429-434. DOI: 10.18805/LR-4551.
Gebretsadkan, G., Gebremicael, Y., Asgele, Y., Abebe, E., Gebrelibanos, W. & Tsehaye, Y. .(2018). Enhancing Productivity and Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Through the use of Improved Varieties at North Western Zoze of Tigray, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, Vol-3, Issue-3, May-June. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.6.
Ghodke, P.H., Andhale, P.S., Gijare, U.M., Thangasamy, A., Khade, Y.P., Mahajan, V. & Singh, M. (2018). Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Onion Crop to Drought Stress. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 7(1): 2054-2062. Doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.20108.701.247.
Hanci, F. & Cebeci, E. (2014). Investigation of proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids changes under drought stress in some onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences . Special Issue: 2, 1499-1504.
Hassoon, A.S. & Abduljabbar, I.A.(2019). Review on the Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants. In Sustainable Crop Production. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89107
Hatfield, J. L. & Dold, C. (2018). Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103
Idaryani, A., Rauf , W. & Nappu, M. B. (2021). Respons growth and production of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on Complementary Liquid Fertilizer (CLF) dosage and interval of application time. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 803 012014 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/803/1/012014)
Jini, D. & Joseph, B. (2017).Physiological Mechanism of salicylic acid for alleviation of salt stress in rice, Rice Science, 24(2): 97−108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2016.07.007
Khandaker, L., Akond, A. M., & Oba, S. (2011). Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid Improved The Growth, Yield And Leaf’s Bioactive Compounds In Red Amaranth (Amaranthus Tricolor L.). Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 74(1), 77–86. 0006-6
Koo,Y.M., Heo, A Y. & Choi, H. W. (2020). Salicylic Acid as a Safe Plant Protector and Growth Regulator. Plant Pathol. J. 36(1) : 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.12.2019.0295
Kusvuran, S.W. & Dasgan, H.Y. (2017). Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical) changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Legume Research, 40 (1): 55-62. DOI:10.18805/lr.v0i0.7025
Marlina, L., Purnomo, J., & Susanti, H. (2021). Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil. TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL, 7(2), 47 - 51. https://doi.org/10.20527/twj.v7i2.95
Min, K., Showman, L., Perera, A., & Arora, R. (2018). Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance In Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) Leaves Explored Through Metabolite Profiling. Environmental And Experimental Botany, 156, 214–227
Megala, R., Kalarani, M.K., Jeyakumar, P., Senthil, N., Pushpam, R. & Umapath, M. (2022). Standardization of optimum melatonin concentration for drought tolerance at germination and early development stage in rice (CO-54).Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(3), 1022 -1030. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3766
Meher, P., Shivakrishna, K., Reddy, A., & Rao, D. M.(2018). Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. Volume 25, Issue 2, February, Pages 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.008
Manojkumar, K., Vincent, S., Raveendran, M,. Anandham, R, Babu V., Rajendra Prasad, A. Mothilal & S. Anandakumar .(2021). Effect of drought on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of groundnut genotypes. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1478 -1487. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3145
Maksimović, T., Janjić, N. & Lubarda, B. (2021). Effect of Drought-induced Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Zea mays L. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(2): 197-201. DOI: 10.18805/IJARe.A-602.
Purbajanti, E.D., Kusmiyati, F. |& Fuskhah, E.. (2017). Growth, yield and physiological characters of three types of Indonesian rice under limited water supply. Asian J. Plant Sci., 16: 101-108. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2017.101.108
Ratnarajaha,V.R.& Gnanachelvam, N. G.(2021). Effect of Abiotic Stress on Onion Yield: A Review. Adv. Technol. ,1(1), 147-160. http:doi.org/10.31357/ait.vli1.4876.
Rehman, Z, Baig, A, Shabir, G, Aslam, K, Shahzad, M, Rehman, S, Shah, S M & Khan, A R. (2021). Drought Stress Induces Differential DNA Methylation Shift at Symmetric and Asymmetric Cytosine Sites in the Promoter Region of ZmEXPB2 Gene in Maize. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 20–1235.25–2–319–326 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1671.
Romo-P´erez, M.L., Weinert, C.H., Egert, B., Franziskya, B.L., Kulling, S.E. & Zorb. C.. (2021) Sodium accumulation has minimal effect on metabolite profile of onion bulbs.(2021). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry168. 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.031
Santos , J.E., Luz , J. M. Q., Oliveira, R. C, Almeida, R.F., Silva, J. R. & Lana, R. M. Q.. (2021). Cultivation of green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) with support channels and nutrient solution in hydroponic. Comunicata Scientiae published: 31 December: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.14295/CS.v12.3775
Sayyari, M., Ghavami, M., Ghanbari, F., & Kordi, S. (2013). Assessment Of Salicylic Acid Impacts On Growth Rate And Some Physiological Parameters Of Lettuce Plants Under Drought Stress Conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5, 1951–1957. 79
Seleiman,M.F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Abdul-Wajid, H. H. & Battaglia, M. L. (2021). Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants (Basel). Alfredo Guéra Ed. Feb; 10(2): 259.Published online 2021 Jan 28. doi: 10.3390/plants10020259
Shirzadi,M.H. , Arvin , M. J., Abootalebi, A. & Hasandokht, M. R..(2020) Effect of nylon mulch and some plantgrowth regulators on water use efficiency and some quantitative traits in onion (Alliumcepa cv.) under water deficit stress, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6 (1), 1779562, DOI:10.1080/23311932.2020.1779562
Wan,Y, Ouyang, J., Gong, X, Le, L, Wu, X, Wu, Q, Zou, L, Zhao W. G & Xiang, D. (2021). Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced Changes in Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Two Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology.20–1511/2021/25–2–483–491 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1692.
Wang H, Tang X, Wang H & Shao H-B (2015) Proline accumulation and metabolism-related genes expression profiles in Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings under salt stress. Front. Plant Sci. 6,792. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00792
Wu, X. & Bao, W. (2011). Leaf Growth, Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Response to Different Water Deficits in Wheat Cultivars. Plant Prod. Sci,. 14(3), 254-259.
Ansar,M., Wahyudi, I. & Tangkesalu, D.. (2019).Growth and Yield of Shallots Planted Between Chili Plants. The Agriculture Science Journal, 6 (2), 63 - 70
Arefi, M. K., S. H, Azimi-Nejadian, H. & Naderi-Boldaji, M.(2022). Drought force prediction from soil relative density and relative water content for a non-winged chisel blade using finite element modelling. Journal of Terramechanics, 100 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2022.01.001
Atta, K., Sen, J., Chettri, P. & Pal, A.K. (2022). Antioxidant Responses of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Seedling under Iso-osmotic Potential of Salinity and Drought Stress. Legume Research, 45(4): 429-434. DOI: 10.18805/LR-4551.
Gebretsadkan, G., Gebremicael, Y., Asgele, Y., Abebe, E., Gebrelibanos, W. & Tsehaye, Y. .(2018). Enhancing Productivity and Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Through the use of Improved Varieties at North Western Zoze of Tigray, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, Vol-3, Issue-3, May-June. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.6.
Ghodke, P.H., Andhale, P.S., Gijare, U.M., Thangasamy, A., Khade, Y.P., Mahajan, V. & Singh, M. (2018). Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Onion Crop to Drought Stress. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 7(1): 2054-2062. Doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.20108.701.247.
Hanci, F. & Cebeci, E. (2014). Investigation of proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids changes under drought stress in some onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences . Special Issue: 2, 1499-1504.
Hassoon, A.S. & Abduljabbar, I.A.(2019). Review on the Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants. In Sustainable Crop Production. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89107
Hatfield, J. L. & Dold, C. (2018). Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103
Idaryani, A., Rauf , W. & Nappu, M. B. (2021). Respons growth and production of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on Complementary Liquid Fertilizer (CLF) dosage and interval of application time. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 803 012014 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/803/1/012014)
Jini, D. & Joseph, B. (2017).Physiological Mechanism of salicylic acid for alleviation of salt stress in rice, Rice Science, 24(2): 97−108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2016.07.007
Khandaker, L., Akond, A. M., & Oba, S. (2011). Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid Improved The Growth, Yield And Leaf’s Bioactive Compounds In Red Amaranth (Amaranthus Tricolor L.). Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 74(1), 77–86. 0006-6
Koo,Y.M., Heo, A Y. & Choi, H. W. (2020). Salicylic Acid as a Safe Plant Protector and Growth Regulator. Plant Pathol. J. 36(1) : 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.12.2019.0295
Kusvuran, S.W. & Dasgan, H.Y. (2017). Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical) changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Legume Research, 40 (1): 55-62. DOI:10.18805/lr.v0i0.7025
Marlina, L., Purnomo, J., & Susanti, H. (2021). Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil. TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL, 7(2), 47 - 51. https://doi.org/10.20527/twj.v7i2.95
Min, K., Showman, L., Perera, A., & Arora, R. (2018). Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance In Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) Leaves Explored Through Metabolite Profiling. Environmental And Experimental Botany, 156, 214–227
Megala, R., Kalarani, M.K., Jeyakumar, P., Senthil, N., Pushpam, R. & Umapath, M. (2022). Standardization of optimum melatonin concentration for drought tolerance at germination and early development stage in rice (CO-54).Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(3), 1022 -1030. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3766
Meher, P., Shivakrishna, K., Reddy, A., & Rao, D. M.(2018). Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. Volume 25, Issue 2, February, Pages 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.008
Manojkumar, K., Vincent, S., Raveendran, M,. Anandham, R, Babu V., Rajendra Prasad, A. Mothilal & S. Anandakumar .(2021). Effect of drought on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of groundnut genotypes. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1478 -1487. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3145
Maksimović, T., Janjić, N. & Lubarda, B. (2021). Effect of Drought-induced Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Zea mays L. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(2): 197-201. DOI: 10.18805/IJARe.A-602.
Purbajanti, E.D., Kusmiyati, F. |& Fuskhah, E.. (2017). Growth, yield and physiological characters of three types of Indonesian rice under limited water supply. Asian J. Plant Sci., 16: 101-108. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2017.101.108
Ratnarajaha,V.R.& Gnanachelvam, N. G.(2021). Effect of Abiotic Stress on Onion Yield: A Review. Adv. Technol. ,1(1), 147-160. http:doi.org/10.31357/ait.vli1.4876.
Rehman, Z, Baig, A, Shabir, G, Aslam, K, Shahzad, M, Rehman, S, Shah, S M & Khan, A R. (2021). Drought Stress Induces Differential DNA Methylation Shift at Symmetric and Asymmetric Cytosine Sites in the Promoter Region of ZmEXPB2 Gene in Maize. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 20–1235.25–2–319–326 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1671.
Romo-P´erez, M.L., Weinert, C.H., Egert, B., Franziskya, B.L., Kulling, S.E. & Zorb. C.. (2021) Sodium accumulation has minimal effect on metabolite profile of onion bulbs.(2021). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry168. 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.031
Santos , J.E., Luz , J. M. Q., Oliveira, R. C, Almeida, R.F., Silva, J. R. & Lana, R. M. Q.. (2021). Cultivation of green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) with support channels and nutrient solution in hydroponic. Comunicata Scientiae published: 31 December: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.14295/CS.v12.3775
Sayyari, M., Ghavami, M., Ghanbari, F., & Kordi, S. (2013). Assessment Of Salicylic Acid Impacts On Growth Rate And Some Physiological Parameters Of Lettuce Plants Under Drought Stress Conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5, 1951–1957. 79
Seleiman,M.F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Abdul-Wajid, H. H. & Battaglia, M. L. (2021). Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants (Basel). Alfredo Guéra Ed. Feb; 10(2): 259.Published online 2021 Jan 28. doi: 10.3390/plants10020259
Shirzadi,M.H. , Arvin , M. J., Abootalebi, A. & Hasandokht, M. R..(2020) Effect of nylon mulch and some plantgrowth regulators on water use efficiency and some quantitative traits in onion (Alliumcepa cv.) under water deficit stress, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6 (1), 1779562, DOI:10.1080/23311932.2020.1779562
Wan,Y, Ouyang, J., Gong, X, Le, L, Wu, X, Wu, Q, Zou, L, Zhao W. G & Xiang, D. (2021). Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced Changes in Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Two Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology.20–1511/2021/25–2–483–491 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1692.
Wang H, Tang X, Wang H & Shao H-B (2015) Proline accumulation and metabolism-related genes expression profiles in Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings under salt stress. Front. Plant Sci. 6,792. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00792
Wu, X. & Bao, W. (2011). Leaf Growth, Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Response to Different Water Deficits in Wheat Cultivars. Plant Prod. Sci,. 14(3), 254-259.
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Yield and component yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) effect of salicylic acid under drought stress in Indonesia. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(2), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4370
