Effect of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on yield parameters and protein composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].
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Abstract
Accumulation patterns of various protein fractions in seed, yield and protein quality parameters of soybean cultivar SL 525 harvested at different stages of development from plants grown under different treatments viz., nitrogen (urea @ 31.25 kg N ha-1), sulphur (gypsum @ 20 kg S ha-1) and combined application of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) were investigated. Application of S alone or combined with N significantly increased plant height, number of seeds per pod and total seed yield. Sulphur-containing amino acids viz., methionine and cysteine increased significantly (P?0.05) by all the treatments in comparison to control and maximum increase of 1.3 fold was observed by urea application. The contents of different protein fractions viz., albumin, globulin and glycinin (a subfraction of globulin) increased under the effect of N and S applied alone or in combination from 30 DAP to maturity with maximum accumulation at maturity as compared to control (without N or S application). Gypsum @ 20 kg S ha-1 resulted in higher accumulation of glycinin (11S) relative to ?-conglycinin (7S) fraction of globulin protein in soybean seed thereby increasing 11S:7S ratio indicating improvement in soybean seed quality. The current study showed that improvement of soybean nutritional quality can be achieved by application of gypsum @ 20 kg S ha-1 along with recommended N doses under agroclimatic conditions of Punjab.
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Keywords
Nitrogen, Protein quality, Soybean, Sulphur, Yield
References
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Awazuhara, M., Kim, H. and Hayashi, H. (2002). Composition of seed storage proteins changed by glutathione treatment of soybean. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 66: 1751-1754.
Basha, S. M. M. and Beevers, L. (1975). The development of proteolytic activity and protein degradation during germination of Pisum sativum (L.). Planta, 124: 77-87.
Bloem, E., Haneklaus, S. and Schnug, E. (2010). Influence of fertilizer practices on S-containing metabolites in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under field conditions. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58(19): 10690-10696.
Fabre, F. and Planchon, C. (2000). Nitrogen nutrition, yield and protein content in soybean. Plant Science, 152: 51-58.
Gaitnode, M. K. (1967). A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of cysteine in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids. Biochemical Journal, 104: 627-633.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N. and Sammi, R. K. (2000). Effect of integrated use of farmyard manure and sulphur in a soyabean and wheat cropping systems on nodulation dry matter production and chlorophyll content of soyabean on swell-shrink soil in central India. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185: 91-97.
Ghalotra, J., Sital, J. S. and Batta, S. K. (2007). Effect of sulfur nutrition on biochemical parameters in developing chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.) seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, 20: 59-62.
Gillespie, J. M., Blagrove, R. J. and Randall, P. J. (1978). Effect of sulfur supply on seed globulins compositionof various species of lupin. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5: 641-650.
Golombek, S., Rolletschek, H., Wobus, U. and Weber, H. (2001). Control of storage protein accumulation during legume seed development. Journal of Plant Physiology, 158: 457-464.
Hagan, N., Tabe, M. and Higgins, T. J. V. (2003). Modifying the amino acid composition of grains using gene technology. Plant biotechnology 2002 and beyond, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 305-308.
Horn, M. J., Jones, B. and Blum, A. E. (1946). Colorimetric determination of methionine in proteins and foods. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 166: 313-320.
Kaur, G. (2014). Effect of sulphur supply on sulphur and nitrogen assimilating enzymes and protein quality in developing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds. Ph D Thesis.
Kaviani, B. and Kharabian, A. (2008). Improvement of the nutritional value of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] seed with alteration in protein subunits of glycinin (11S Globulin) and ?-conglycinin (7S Globulin). Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 91-97.
Kaviani, B., Pourkhalili, S. T., Sajedi, R. H. and Mosadegh, B. (2011). Salt treatment can change composition of glycinin and ?-conglycinin proteins in soybean seed. Plant Omics Journal, 4(4): 228-235.
Kopriva, S. and Rennenberg, H. (2004). Control of sulphate assimilation and glutathione synthesis: interaction with N and C metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(104): 1831-1842.
Kopriva, S., Suter, M., Von, B. P., Hesse, H., Krähenbühl, U., Rennenberg, H. and Brunold, C. (2002). Interaction of sulfate assimilation with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Lemna minor. Plant Physiology, 130: 1406–1413.
Krishnan, H. B., Bennet, J. O., Kim, W. S., Krishnan, A. H. and Mawhinney, T. P. (2005). Nitrogen lowers the sulphur amino acid content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] by regulating the accumulation of Bowman- Birk Protease inhibitor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 6347-6354.
Krishnan, H. B., Jiang, G., Krishnan, A. H. and Wiebold, W. J. (2000). Seed storage protein composition of non-noduling soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and its influence on protein quality. Plant Science, 157: 191-199.
Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Sital, J. S. and Singh, S. (2013). Effect of sulphur and nitrogen nutrition on storage protein quality in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, 26: 86-91.
Lee, Y. P. and Takahashi, T. (1966). An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with use of ninhydrin. Analytical Biochemistry, 14: 71-77.
Lowry, O. H., Rosbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193: 265-275.
Mahmoodi, B., Mosavi, A. A., Daliri, M. S. and Namdari, M. (2013). The evaluation of different values of phosphorus and sulfur application in yield, yield components and seed quality characteristics of soybean (Glycine Max L.). Advances in Environmental Biology, 7(1): 170-176.
Marshner, H. (2005) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second edition. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK.
Nielson, N. C., Dickinson, C. D., Cho, T. J., Thanh, V. H., Scallon, B. J., Fischer, R. L., Sims, T. L., Drews, G. N. and Goldberg, R. B. (1989). Characterization of the glycinin family in soybean. Plant Cell, 1: 311-328.
Pant, R. and Tulsiani, R. P. (1969). Solubility amino acid composition and biological evaluation for protein isolation from leguminous seed. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17: 361-366.
Peak, N. C., Imsande, J. and Shoemaker, R. C. (1997). Nutritional control of soybean seed storage protein. Crop Science, 37: 498-503.
Remkema, J. M. S., Knabben, J. H. M. and Vliet, T. V. (2001). Gel formation by ?-conglycinin and glycinin and their mixtures. Food Hydrocolloids, 15(4-6): 407-415.
Rolletschek, H., Radchuk, R., Klukas, C., Schreiber, F., Wobus, U. and Borisjuk, L. (2005). Evidence of a key role for photosynthetic oxygen release in oil storage in developing soybean seeds. New Phytologist, 167: 777-886.
Scherer, H. W. (2001). Sulphur in crop production - invited paper. European Journal of Agronomy, 14: 81–111.
Sharma, A., Sharma, S. and Gill, P. P. S. (2014). Influence of nitrogen and sulphur application on nutrient uptake, protein content and yield parameters of soybean. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(2): 31-34.
Sharma, M.P. and Singh, R. (1997). Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on greengram (Phaseolus radiatus). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42: 650-652.
Siddiqui, M.H., Mohammad, F., Khan, M.N. and Khan, M. M. A. (2008). Cumulative effect of soil and foliar application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur on growth, physico-biochemical parameters, yield attributes, and fatty acid composition in oil of erucic acid-free rapeseed-mustard genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 1284-1298.
Singh, R. and Matta, N. K. (2005). Chickpea seed proteins as affected by mineral supply levels. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 14: 77-79.
Singh, Y. P. and Aggarwal, R. L. (1998). Effect of sulphur and levels on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 43: 448-452.
Tabe, L., Hagan, N. and Higgins, T. J. V. (2002). Plasticity of seed protein composition in response to nitrogen and sulphur availability. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5: 212-217.
Tierney, M. L., Bary, E. A. and Allen, R. D. (1987). Isolation and characterization of a genomic clone encoding the subunit of Beta-conglycinin. Planta, 172: 356-363.
Utsumi, S. (1992). Plant food protein engineering. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 36: 89-208.
Utsumi, S., Maruyama, N. and Satoh, R. (2002). Structure function relation of soybean protein revealed by using recombinant systems. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 30: 284-288.
Wilson, R.F. (1987). Seed metabolism. Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses, American Society of Agronomy: Madison, Wisconsin, pp 643-686.
Awazuhara, M., Kim, H. and Hayashi, H. (2002). Composition of seed storage proteins changed by glutathione treatment of soybean. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 66: 1751-1754.
Basha, S. M. M. and Beevers, L. (1975). The development of proteolytic activity and protein degradation during germination of Pisum sativum (L.). Planta, 124: 77-87.
Bloem, E., Haneklaus, S. and Schnug, E. (2010). Influence of fertilizer practices on S-containing metabolites in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under field conditions. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58(19): 10690-10696.
Fabre, F. and Planchon, C. (2000). Nitrogen nutrition, yield and protein content in soybean. Plant Science, 152: 51-58.
Gaitnode, M. K. (1967). A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of cysteine in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids. Biochemical Journal, 104: 627-633.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N. and Sammi, R. K. (2000). Effect of integrated use of farmyard manure and sulphur in a soyabean and wheat cropping systems on nodulation dry matter production and chlorophyll content of soyabean on swell-shrink soil in central India. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185: 91-97.
Ghalotra, J., Sital, J. S. and Batta, S. K. (2007). Effect of sulfur nutrition on biochemical parameters in developing chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.) seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, 20: 59-62.
Gillespie, J. M., Blagrove, R. J. and Randall, P. J. (1978). Effect of sulfur supply on seed globulins compositionof various species of lupin. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5: 641-650.
Golombek, S., Rolletschek, H., Wobus, U. and Weber, H. (2001). Control of storage protein accumulation during legume seed development. Journal of Plant Physiology, 158: 457-464.
Hagan, N., Tabe, M. and Higgins, T. J. V. (2003). Modifying the amino acid composition of grains using gene technology. Plant biotechnology 2002 and beyond, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 305-308.
Horn, M. J., Jones, B. and Blum, A. E. (1946). Colorimetric determination of methionine in proteins and foods. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 166: 313-320.
Kaur, G. (2014). Effect of sulphur supply on sulphur and nitrogen assimilating enzymes and protein quality in developing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds. Ph D Thesis.
Kaviani, B. and Kharabian, A. (2008). Improvement of the nutritional value of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] seed with alteration in protein subunits of glycinin (11S Globulin) and ?-conglycinin (7S Globulin). Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 91-97.
Kaviani, B., Pourkhalili, S. T., Sajedi, R. H. and Mosadegh, B. (2011). Salt treatment can change composition of glycinin and ?-conglycinin proteins in soybean seed. Plant Omics Journal, 4(4): 228-235.
Kopriva, S. and Rennenberg, H. (2004). Control of sulphate assimilation and glutathione synthesis: interaction with N and C metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(104): 1831-1842.
Kopriva, S., Suter, M., Von, B. P., Hesse, H., Krähenbühl, U., Rennenberg, H. and Brunold, C. (2002). Interaction of sulfate assimilation with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Lemna minor. Plant Physiology, 130: 1406–1413.
Krishnan, H. B., Bennet, J. O., Kim, W. S., Krishnan, A. H. and Mawhinney, T. P. (2005). Nitrogen lowers the sulphur amino acid content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] by regulating the accumulation of Bowman- Birk Protease inhibitor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 6347-6354.
Krishnan, H. B., Jiang, G., Krishnan, A. H. and Wiebold, W. J. (2000). Seed storage protein composition of non-noduling soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and its influence on protein quality. Plant Science, 157: 191-199.
Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Sital, J. S. and Singh, S. (2013). Effect of sulphur and nitrogen nutrition on storage protein quality in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, 26: 86-91.
Lee, Y. P. and Takahashi, T. (1966). An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with use of ninhydrin. Analytical Biochemistry, 14: 71-77.
Lowry, O. H., Rosbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193: 265-275.
Mahmoodi, B., Mosavi, A. A., Daliri, M. S. and Namdari, M. (2013). The evaluation of different values of phosphorus and sulfur application in yield, yield components and seed quality characteristics of soybean (Glycine Max L.). Advances in Environmental Biology, 7(1): 170-176.
Marshner, H. (2005) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second edition. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK.
Nielson, N. C., Dickinson, C. D., Cho, T. J., Thanh, V. H., Scallon, B. J., Fischer, R. L., Sims, T. L., Drews, G. N. and Goldberg, R. B. (1989). Characterization of the glycinin family in soybean. Plant Cell, 1: 311-328.
Pant, R. and Tulsiani, R. P. (1969). Solubility amino acid composition and biological evaluation for protein isolation from leguminous seed. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17: 361-366.
Peak, N. C., Imsande, J. and Shoemaker, R. C. (1997). Nutritional control of soybean seed storage protein. Crop Science, 37: 498-503.
Remkema, J. M. S., Knabben, J. H. M. and Vliet, T. V. (2001). Gel formation by ?-conglycinin and glycinin and their mixtures. Food Hydrocolloids, 15(4-6): 407-415.
Rolletschek, H., Radchuk, R., Klukas, C., Schreiber, F., Wobus, U. and Borisjuk, L. (2005). Evidence of a key role for photosynthetic oxygen release in oil storage in developing soybean seeds. New Phytologist, 167: 777-886.
Scherer, H. W. (2001). Sulphur in crop production - invited paper. European Journal of Agronomy, 14: 81–111.
Sharma, A., Sharma, S. and Gill, P. P. S. (2014). Influence of nitrogen and sulphur application on nutrient uptake, protein content and yield parameters of soybean. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(2): 31-34.
Sharma, M.P. and Singh, R. (1997). Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on greengram (Phaseolus radiatus). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42: 650-652.
Siddiqui, M.H., Mohammad, F., Khan, M.N. and Khan, M. M. A. (2008). Cumulative effect of soil and foliar application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur on growth, physico-biochemical parameters, yield attributes, and fatty acid composition in oil of erucic acid-free rapeseed-mustard genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 1284-1298.
Singh, R. and Matta, N. K. (2005). Chickpea seed proteins as affected by mineral supply levels. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 14: 77-79.
Singh, Y. P. and Aggarwal, R. L. (1998). Effect of sulphur and levels on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 43: 448-452.
Tabe, L., Hagan, N. and Higgins, T. J. V. (2002). Plasticity of seed protein composition in response to nitrogen and sulphur availability. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5: 212-217.
Tierney, M. L., Bary, E. A. and Allen, R. D. (1987). Isolation and characterization of a genomic clone encoding the subunit of Beta-conglycinin. Planta, 172: 356-363.
Utsumi, S. (1992). Plant food protein engineering. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 36: 89-208.
Utsumi, S., Maruyama, N. and Satoh, R. (2002). Structure function relation of soybean protein revealed by using recombinant systems. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 30: 284-288.
Wilson, R.F. (1987). Seed metabolism. Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses, American Society of Agronomy: Madison, Wisconsin, pp 643-686.
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Effect of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on yield parameters and protein composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 402-408. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.435
