Evaluation of water quality of Mundeswari River in eastern India: a water quality index (WQI) based approach
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Abstract
The Mundeswari River is the western distributary of the Damodar River system in eastern India. The water of this river is extensively used for domestic purposes and agricultural irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal water quality variation of the Mundeswari River and assess the water quality status of this river using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI). Water quality was monitored monthly at four selected sampling stations (M1, M2, M3, and M4) during 2020-2022, considering twelve selected water quality indicators. The obtained water quality data were analysed using different statistical techniques. Water quality at different monitoring stations was appraised through the use of CCME-WQI. The results revealed that the overall water quality of most of the monitoring stations based on CCME-WQI values was “marginal.” The highest WQI value (82.01) was observed at M1, and the lowest WQI (41.24) was recorded at M3. One-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference in WQI values between sampling sites (P <0.05). The water quality of the M3 sampling station was found to be in degraded condition throughout the study period. Cluster analysis from the perspective of WQI values revealed two distinct clusters of the sampling stations. Substantial seasonal variation in water quality was also observed. This river had putrid water quality during the pre-monsoon period, and relatively better water quality was evident after the monsoon. This study revealed that the water of the Mundeswari River is utterly unsafe for human consumption and it requires significant treatments before it can be safely used for domestic purposes like cooking, washing etc.
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Keywords
CCME, Correlation, Mundeswari River, Water quality, WQI
References
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Cho, Y.-C., Choi, H., Lee, M.-G., Kim, S.-H. & Im, J.-K. (2022). Identification and Apportionment of Potential Pollution Sources Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques & APCS-MLR Model to Assess Surface Water Quality in Imjin River Watershed, South Korea. Water, 14(5), 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050793
Chou, J.-S., Ho, C.-C. & Hoang, H.-S. (2018). Determining quality of water in reservoir using machine learning. Ecological Informatics, 44, 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.01.005
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Ghosh, P. & Panigrahi, A. K. (2018). A comprehensive study on correlation of gastropod diversity with some hydroenvironmental parameters of selected waterbodies of lower Damodar basin, West Bengal, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1259–1265. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1933
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Gupta, S. & Gupta, S. K. (2021). A critical review on water quality index tool: Genesis, evolution and future directions. Ecological Informatics,63,101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101299
Haji Gholizadeh, M., Melesse, A. M. & Reddi, L. (2016). Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources using APCS-MLR and PMF receptor modeling techniques in three major rivers of South Florida. Science of The Total Environment, 566–567, 1552–1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.046
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Hassan, F., Shaawiat, A. & Al Obaidy, A. H. (2018). Evaluation of Al-Shamiyah River water quality using the Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCME) water quality index and factor analysis. Desalination and Water Treatment, 116, 342–348. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22553
Hossain, M. & Patra, P. K. (2020). Water pollution index – A new integrated approach to rank water quality. Ecological Indicators, 117,106668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106668
Khan, M. Y. A., Gani, K. M. & Chakrapani, G. J. (2015). Assessment of surface water quality and its spatial variation. A case study of Ramganga River, Ganga Basin, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2134-7
Kothari, V., Vij, S., Sharma, S. & Gupta, N. (2021). Correlation of various water quality parameters & water quality index of districts of Uttarakhand. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 9, 100093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2020.100093
Lee, K.-H., Kang, T.-W., Ryu, H.-S., Hwang, S.-H. & Kim, K. (2020). Analysis of spatiotemporal variation in river water quality using clustering techniques: A case study in the Yeongsan River, Republic of Korea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(23), 29327–29340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09276-0
Lumb, A., Sharma, T. C. & Bibeault, J.-F. (2011). A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 3(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0
Mamun, M. & An, K.-G. (2021). Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques & Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Water Quality and Apportionment of Pollution Sources in the Yeongsan River, South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168268
Marselina, M., Wibowo, F. & Mushfiroh, A. (2022). Water quality index assessment methods for surface water: A case study of the Citarum River in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(7), e09848. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09848
Matta, G., Nayak, A., Kumar, A. & Kumar, P. (2020). Water quality assessment using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques of Ganga River system, Uttarakhand, India. Applied Water Science, 10(9), 206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01288-y
Meng, C., Song, X., Tian, K., Ye, B. & Si, T. (2020). Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Water Pollution & the Cause of Pollution Formation in a Heavily Polluted River in the Upper Hai River. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6617227
Mitra, S., Ghosh, S., Satpathy, K. K., Bhattacharya, B. D., Sarkar, S. K., Mishra, P. & Raja, P. (2018). Water quality assessment of the ecologically stressed Hooghly River Estuary, India: A multivariate approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 126, 592–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.053
Mukate, S., Wagh, V., Panaskar, D., Jacobs, J. A. & Sawant, A. (2019). Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, 101, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034
Mukherjee, D., S Lata Dora, R. T. & Tiwary,R.K. (2012). Evaluation of Water Quality Index For Drinking Purposes In The Case of Damodar River, Jharkhand and West Bengal Region, India. Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 03(09). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000161
Munna, G. M., Chowdhury, M. M. I., Ahmed, A. A. M. & Chowdhury, S. (2013). A Canadian Water Quality Guideline-Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) based assessment study of water quality in Surma River. Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, 4(3), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JCECT12.074
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Evaluation of water quality of Mundeswari River in eastern India: a water quality index (WQI) based approach. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 379-390. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4340
