Specific identification, biology and symptoms of whitefly species infesting sunflower in South India
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Abstract
Whitefly species related to sunflower was identified as Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Further the identified whitefly species was confirmed to be indigenous B. tabaci on molecular basis by using B-biotype specific SCARs and biological silver leaf assay on sensitive pumpkin (cv Big variety). None of the whitefly samples could positive for the presence of B biotype. The results of the study on the pest life cycle under the laboratory conditions showed that, B. tabaci passed through four nymphal instars before the adult stage. The mean duration values of these stages were 5.6, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.6 days respectively. The total duration of the life cycle of B. tabaci ranged from 23- 42 days at the temperature of 29±2°C with a mean of 34.5. The damage to sunflower crop caused by the whitefly species is discussed with a special emphasis on its ability to transmit leaf curl viral disease.
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Keywords
Bemisia tabaci, Indigenous, Leaf curl viral disease, Sunflower, Vector, Whitefly
References
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Baldin, E. L. L., Vendramim, J. D. and Lourencao, A. L. (2005). Resistance of tomato genotypes to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Neotropical Entomology. 34: 435-441.
Boykin, L. M, Shatters, R. G., Rosell, R. C., McKenzie, C. L., Bagnall, R. A., De Barro, P. and Frohlich, D. R. (2007). Global relationships of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) revealed using bayesian analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1306-1319.
Brown, J. K. (2000). Molecular markers for the identification and global tracking of whitefly vector-Begomovirus complexes. Virus Res., 71: 233-260.
Chu, D., Zhang, Y. J., Cong, B., Xu, B. Y. and Wu, Q. J. (2005). Identification for Yunnan Q-biotype Bemisia tabaci population. Entomological Knowledge, 42:59-62.
De Barro, P. J., Liu, S. S., Boykin, L. M. and Dinsdale, A. B. (2011). Bemisia tabaci: a statement of species status. Annual Review of Entomology, 56, 1-19.
De Barro, P. J., Driver, F., Trueman, J. W. H. and Curran, J. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships of world populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) using ribosomal ITS1. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16, 29–36.
Fancelli, M., Vendramim, J. D. and Lourençao, A. L. (2008). Oviposition and nymphal dispersion of Bemisia tabaci biotype B on tomato genotypes. Bragantia. 67: 933-939.
Govindappa, M. R., Shankergoud, I., Shankarappa, K. S., Wickramaarachchi, W. A. R. T., Anjeneya Reddy, B. and Rangaswamy, K. T. (2011). Molecular detection and partial characterization of begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Southren India. Plant Pathol. J., 10 (1): 29-35.
Gupta, V. K., Pawan Sharma, Rakesh Sharma, Jawala Jindal and Dilawari, V.K. (2008). Development of SCAR markers for specific identification of B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci., 16 (2): 274-281
Gupta, V. K., Dilawari, P., Kumar, A., Sethi and Bons, M. S. (2006). Monitoring of Indian whitefly populations with molecular markers for B-biotype. J. Insect Sci., 19: 57-65.
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Lavanya, N. M., Ramiah, R., Sankaralingam, A., Renukadevi, P. and Velazhahan, R., 2005, Identification of hosts for ilar virus associated with sunflower necrosis disease. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica. 40: 31-34.
Perring, T. M. (2001). The Bemisia tabaci species complex. Crop Protection, 20: 725-737.
Saikia, A. K. and Muniyappa, V. (1989). Epidemiology and control of tomato leaf curl virus in southern India. Trop. Agri., 66: 350-354.
Seetharama Reddy, K. (1978). Studies on leaf curl virus disease of tomato. Ph. D., Thesis, Univ. Agri. Sci., Bangalore, India, pp: 134.
Shankarappa, K. S., Rangaswamy, K. T., Aswatha Narayana, D. S., Rekha, A. R., Raghavendra, N., Lakshminarayana Reddy, C. N., Chancellor, T. C. B and Maruthi, M. N. (2007). Development of silver leaf assay, protein and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques for the quick and reliable detection and monitoring of biotype B of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97: 503–513.
Wijesekara, G. A. W. and Kudagamage, C. (1990). Life history and control of spiralling whitefly Alerodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): fast spreading pest in Sri Lanka. Quarterly news letter, Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission, 33: 22–24.
Baldin, E. L. L., Vendramim, J. D. and Lourencao, A. L. (2005). Resistance of tomato genotypes to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Neotropical Entomology. 34: 435-441.
Boykin, L. M, Shatters, R. G., Rosell, R. C., McKenzie, C. L., Bagnall, R. A., De Barro, P. and Frohlich, D. R. (2007). Global relationships of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) revealed using bayesian analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1306-1319.
Brown, J. K. (2000). Molecular markers for the identification and global tracking of whitefly vector-Begomovirus complexes. Virus Res., 71: 233-260.
Chu, D., Zhang, Y. J., Cong, B., Xu, B. Y. and Wu, Q. J. (2005). Identification for Yunnan Q-biotype Bemisia tabaci population. Entomological Knowledge, 42:59-62.
De Barro, P. J., Liu, S. S., Boykin, L. M. and Dinsdale, A. B. (2011). Bemisia tabaci: a statement of species status. Annual Review of Entomology, 56, 1-19.
De Barro, P. J., Driver, F., Trueman, J. W. H. and Curran, J. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships of world populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) using ribosomal ITS1. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16, 29–36.
Fancelli, M., Vendramim, J. D. and Lourençao, A. L. (2008). Oviposition and nymphal dispersion of Bemisia tabaci biotype B on tomato genotypes. Bragantia. 67: 933-939.
Govindappa, M. R., Shankergoud, I., Shankarappa, K. S., Wickramaarachchi, W. A. R. T., Anjeneya Reddy, B. and Rangaswamy, K. T. (2011). Molecular detection and partial characterization of begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Southren India. Plant Pathol. J., 10 (1): 29-35.
Gupta, V. K., Pawan Sharma, Rakesh Sharma, Jawala Jindal and Dilawari, V.K. (2008). Development of SCAR markers for specific identification of B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci., 16 (2): 274-281
Gupta, V. K., Dilawari, P., Kumar, A., Sethi and Bons, M. S. (2006). Monitoring of Indian whitefly populations with molecular markers for B-biotype. J. Insect Sci., 19: 57-65.
Islan, M. T. and Shunxiang, R. (2007). Development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci on three tomato varities. Journal of Entomology, 4: 231-236.
Katti, P. (2007). Sucking pests of sunflower with special reference to Thrips palmi Karny, its relation with necrosis virus and management. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci. Dharwad (India). pp:108-112.
Lavanya, N. M., Ramiah, R., Sankaralingam, A., Renukadevi, P. and Velazhahan, R., 2005, Identification of hosts for ilar virus associated with sunflower necrosis disease. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica. 40: 31-34.
Perring, T. M. (2001). The Bemisia tabaci species complex. Crop Protection, 20: 725-737.
Saikia, A. K. and Muniyappa, V. (1989). Epidemiology and control of tomato leaf curl virus in southern India. Trop. Agri., 66: 350-354.
Seetharama Reddy, K. (1978). Studies on leaf curl virus disease of tomato. Ph. D., Thesis, Univ. Agri. Sci., Bangalore, India, pp: 134.
Shankarappa, K. S., Rangaswamy, K. T., Aswatha Narayana, D. S., Rekha, A. R., Raghavendra, N., Lakshminarayana Reddy, C. N., Chancellor, T. C. B and Maruthi, M. N. (2007). Development of silver leaf assay, protein and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques for the quick and reliable detection and monitoring of biotype B of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97: 503–513.
Wijesekara, G. A. W. and Kudagamage, C. (1990). Life history and control of spiralling whitefly Alerodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): fast spreading pest in Sri Lanka. Quarterly news letter, Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission, 33: 22–24.
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Specific identification, biology and symptoms of whitefly species infesting sunflower in South India. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 393-396. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.433
