Stage specific upregulation of antioxidant defence system in leaves for regulating drought tolerance in chickpea
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Abstract
Leaf is one of the early sensors for the drought stress and is important to study drought tolerance mechanism. Activities of antioxidative enzymes and status of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline and total phenols were studied in leaves of drought tolerant (PDG 3 and PDG 4) and susceptible (PBG 1, GPF 2, PBG 5, L 550 and BG1053) chickpea cultivars under irrigated and rainfed conditions at different development stages. In general, with the age of plant, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased but the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) decreased in leaves. With some exceptions, in general, higher status of APX and POX in leaves at vegetative stage I (30 days after sowing) and II (60 days after sowing); GR at vegetative stage II and pre-flowering stage and SOD and CAT at seed filling stages in tolerant cultivars under drought stress reflected stage specific upregulation of antioxidant defence system in them. The relatively lower activities of APX and POX in old leaves during seed filling stage make them more prone to enhanced oxidative injury than the young leaves. Lower content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in leaves of tolerant cultivars during seed filling reflects the impact of antioxidant defence system operative at that time. The higher accumulation of proline and total phenol in leaves of tolerant cultivars might be playing important role in drought stress tolerance. These results indicated the importance of upregulation of different antioxidant enzymes at variable stages of leaf development.
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Keywords
Antioxidative enzymes, Chickpea, Drought stress, Leaves
References
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Battana, S. and Ghanta, R. G. (2014). Antioxidative enzyme responses under single and combined effect of water and heavy metal stress in two Pigeon pea cultivars. Journal of Scientic and Innovative Research, 3: 72-80.
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Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.
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Battana, S. and Ghanta, R. G. (2014). Antioxidative enzyme responses under single and combined effect of water and heavy metal stress in two Pigeon pea cultivars. Journal of Scientic and Innovative Research, 3: 72-80.
Bowler, C., Van Montague, M. and Inze, D. (1992). Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 43: 83-116.
Casano, L. M., Martin, M., Zapauta, J. M. and Sabater, B. (1999). Leaf age and paraquate concentration dependent effects on the level of enzymes protecting against photo-oxidative stress. Plant Science, 149: 13-22.
Chakraborty, U. and Pardhan, B. (2012). Drought stress-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 58: 617-630.
Chakraborty, U., Dutta, S. and Chakraborty, B. N. (2002). Response of tea plants to drought stress. Biologia Plantarum, 45: 557-562.
Chalapathi Rao, A. S. V. and Reddy, A. R. (2008). Glutathione reductase: a putative redox regulatory system in plant cells. In: Khan, N.A; Singh, S. and Umar S. eds. Sulfur assimilation and abiotic stresses in plants, 111-147pp. Springer, The Netherlands.
Chance, B. and Machly, A. C. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology, 2: 764-775.
Chaparzadeh, N., Amico, M.L.D., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Izzo, R. and Navari-izzo, F. (2004). Antioxidative responses of Calendula officinalis under salinity conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 42: 695-701.
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Csiszar, J., Feher-Juhasz, E., Kotai, E., Ivankovits-Kiss, O., Horvath, G. V., Mai, A., Galle, A., Tari, I., Pauk, J., Dudits, D. and Erdei, L. (2005). Effect of osmotic stress on antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic wheat calli bearing MSALR gene. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 49: 49-50.
Desikan, R., Hancock, J. T., Bright, J., Harrison, J., Weir, I., Hooley R. and Neill, S. J. A. (2005). Role for ETR 1 in hydrogen peroxide signaling in stomatal guard cells. Plant Physiology, 137: 831-834.
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Edjolo, A., Laffray, D. and Guerrier, G. (2001). The ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the cytosolic and chloroplastic fractions of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive poplars. Journal of Plant Physiology, 158: 1511-1517.
Edwards, E. A., Enard, C., Creissen, G. P. and Mullineaux, P. M. (1993). Synthesis and properties of glutathione reductase in stressed peas. Planta, 192: 137-143.
Esterbauer, H. and Grill, D. (1978). Seasonal variation of glutathione and glutathione reductase in needles of Picea abies. Plant Physiology, 61: 119-121.
Eyidogan, F. and Oz, M. T. (2007). Effect of salinity on antioxidant responses of chickpea seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 29: 485-493.
Gharari, Z., Nejad, R. K., Band, R. S., Najafi, F., Nabiuni, M. and Irian, S. (2014). The role of Mn-SOD and Fe SOD genes in the response to low temperature in chs mutants of Arabidopsis. Turkish Journal of Botany, 38: 80-88.
Gill, S. S. and Tuteja, N. (2010) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48: 909-930.
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.
Hsu, S. Y. and Kao, C. H. (2003). Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol on antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 39: 83-89.
Hura, T., Hura, K. and Grzesiak, S. (2009). Physiological and biochemical parameters for identification of QTLs controlling the winter triticale drought tolerance at the seedling stage. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 210-214.
Jiang, M. and Zhang, J. (2002). Water stress induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53: 2401-2410.
Jiang, Y. and Huang, B. (2001). Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science, 41: 436-442.
Jung, S. (2004). Variation in antioxidant metabolism of young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to drought. Plant Science, 166: 459-466.
Kalefetoglu-Macar, T. and Ekmekci, Y. (2009). Alterations in photochemical and physiological activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195: 335-346.
Kaur, H., Gupta, A. K., Kaur, N. and Sandhu, J. S. (2009). Differential response of the antioxidant system in wild and cultivated genotypes of chickpea. Plant Growth Regulation, 57: 109-114.
Kaur, K., Kaur, N., Gupta, A.K. and Singh, I. (2012). Exploration of the antioxidative defense system to characterize chickpea genotypes showing differential response towards water deficit conditions. Plant Growth Regulation, doi: 10.1007/s10725-012-9777-0.
Keles, Y. and Oncel, I. (2002). Response of antioxidative defence system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Science, 163: 783-790.
Kellos, T., Timar, I., Szilagyi, V., Szalai, G., Galiba, G. and Koscy, G. (2008). Effect of abiotic stress on antioxidants in maize. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 52: 173-174.
Khamssi, N. N., Golezani, K. G., Salmasi S. Z. and Najaphy, A. (2010). Effects of water deficit stress on field performance of chickpea cultivars. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 1973-1977.
Kolarovic, L., Valentovic, P., Luxova, M. and Gasparikova, O. (2009). Changes in antioxidants and cell damage in heterotrophic maize seedlings differing in drought sensitivity after exposure to short-term osmotic stress. Plant Growth Regulation 59: 21-26.
Labudda, M. and Azam, F. M. S. (2014). Glutathione-dependent responses of plants to drought: a review. Acta societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 83: 3-12.
Laloi, C., Apel, K. and Danon, A. (2004). Reactive oxygen signaling news. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7: 323-328.
Liu, X. and Huang, B. (2000). Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in creeping bent grass. Crop Science, 40: 503-510.
Lopez, F., Vansuyt, G., Casse-Delbart, F. and Fourcroy, P. (1996). Ascorbate peroxidase activity, not the mRNA level, is enhanced in salt-stressed Raphanus sativus plants. Plant Physiology, 97: 13-20.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. T., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193: 265-275.
Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47: 169-174.
Miller, G., Suzuki, N., Ciftci-Yilmaz, S. and Mittler, R. (2010). Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signaling during drought and salinity stresses. Plant Cell Environment, 33: 453-467.
Mirzaee, M., Moieni, A. and Ghanati, F. (2013). Effects of drought stress on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15: 593-602.
Mittler, R. and Zilinskas, B. A. (1994). Regulation of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Plant Journal, 5: 397-405.
Moussa, H. R. and Abdel-Aziz, S. M. (2008). Comparative response of drought tolerant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 1: 31-36.
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1987). Purification of ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts: its inactivation in ascorbate depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. Plant Cell Physiology, 28: 131-140.
Neill, S. J., Desikan, R. and Hancock, J. T. (2002). Hydrogen peroxide. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5: 388-395.
Noreen, Z. and Ashraf, M. (2009). Change in antioxidant enzymes and some key metabolites in some genetically diverse cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67: 395-402.
Pandey, H. C., Baig, M. J., Chandra, A. and Bhatt, R. K. (2010). Drought stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in genus Avena. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31: 435-440.
Patel, P. K. and Hemantaranjan, A. (2012). Antioxidant defence system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Influence by drought stress implemented at pre- and post - anthesis stage. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 7: 164-173.
Perez-Lopez, U., Robredo, A., Lacuesta, M., Sgherri, C., Munoz-Rueda, A., Navari-izzo, F. and Mena-Petite, A. (2009). The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2. Physiologia Plantarum, 135: 29-42.
Prasad, T. K., Anderson, M. D., Martin, B. A. and Stewart, C. R. (1994). Evidence for chilling-induced oxidative stress in maize seedlings and a regulatory role for hydrogen peroxide. Plant Cell, 6: 65-74.
Raut, J., Ghodeswar, R., Chavan, U. D. and Chavan, J. K. (2003). Biochemical constituents related to drought tolerance in chickpea. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry, 16: 103-104.
Ruiz, J. M. and Romero, J. (2001). Bioactivity of the phenolic compounds in higher plants. In: Atta-ur- Rahman, ed. Studies in natural products chemistry. Bioactive Natural Products. 25: Part F, 651-683pp. Elsevier, Oxford.
Sairam, R. K., Desmukh, P. S. and Saxena, D. C. (1998). Role of antioxidant system in wheat genotypes tolerance to water stress. Biologia Plantarum, 41: 387-394.
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Stage specific upregulation of antioxidant defence system in leaves for regulating drought tolerance in chickpea. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.423
