Factors affecting the ecological habitat of Benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages in Asan wetland, Dehradun in Garhwal Himalaya
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Abstract
The Himalayan region has several freshwater resources, such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands. These freshwater resources have been adversely affected by environmental factors. Freshwater biological systems are defenseless against outcomes of environmental changes that might prompt the irreversible disintegration of these natural surroundings. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the Benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages of the Asan wetland, Dehradun in Garhwal Himalaya. A determination of the physico-chemical health status of the Asan wetland viz., electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nutrients parameters like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus were investigated during this study. Three sampling sites (Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3) of wetland were selected and the water samples were collected seasonally, i.e., summer, winter, and monsoon from April 2021-March 2022. Maximum values of EC(163.75 µS/cm), TDS (232.78 (mg/l), alkalinity (141.20 mg/l) and pH(7.8) were recorded in the monsoon season (June-September) and minimum values of EC( 135.80µS/cm), TDS (196.80 (mg/l), alkalinity (119.80mg/l) and pH(7.2) were recorded in the winter season (November–February). An overall total of 18 macrobenthos genera belonging to four classes was identified. Maximum communities of macrobenthos were observed during the winter and minimum communities during the monsoon season. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine whether microbenthic genera and habitat ecological parameters and showed a positive or negative correlation. Thus, the present study contributed to the status of various factors and their impacts on the Benthic macro-invertebrate structure of the Asan wetland.
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Keywords
Asan wetland, Abundance, Canonical correspondence analysis, Diversity indices, Macroinvertebrate
References
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Ayoade, A.A. & Agarwal, N. (2012). Preliminary analyses of physical and chemical parameters of Tehri dam reservoir, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Zoology and Ecology, 22(1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2012.674656
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Buss, D.F., Baptista, D.F., Nessimian, J.L. & Egler, M. (2004). Substrate specificity, environmental degradation and disturbance structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in neotropical streams, Hydrobiology, 518(1-3),179-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025067.66 126.1c
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Kamboj, V., Kamboj, N. & Bisht, A. & Sharma, A. (2022). Fish Diversity Associated with Environmental Parameters in Impacted Area of Ganga River, India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, DOI:10.1007/s40011-022-01393-9.
Khichi, Y. (2022). Correlation coefficient between physico-chemical parameter and benthic macro-invertebrates of Omkareshwar to Barwani in Narmada River. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, 1, 48-52.
Kumar, R., Sharma, V. & Sharma, R. C. (2018). Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Water Quality of Asan Wetland of Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, 5(3), 64-70.
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Malik, D. S., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, A. K., Kamboj, V. & Sharma, A. K. (2021). Anthropogenic influence on water quality and phytoplankton diversity of upper Ganga basin: A case study of Ganga River and its major tributaries. World Water Policy, 7, 88–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.12049
Mandaville, S.M. (2002). Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters-Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols.
Meleddu, M. (2014). Tourism, residents’ welfare, and economic choice: a literature review. Journal of Economic Survey, 28, 2, 376-399.
Mishra, A.S. & Nautiyal, P. (2016). Substratum as determining factor for the distribution of benthic microinvertebrates fauna in a river ecosystem. Proceedings of National Academy of Science India, Sect B Biological Science, 86(3),735-742. DOI 10.1007/s40011-015-0520-2.
Mishra, A.S., Singh, K.R. & Nautiyal, P. (2020). Factors governing distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in the spring fed headwater of Doon valley, India. Journal of Mountain Research, 15, 159-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.51220/jmr.v15i1.19
Nautiyal, P. (2010). Food chains of Ganga River ecosystems in the Himalaya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 13(4), 362-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463498 8.2010.528998.
Nautiyal P., Mishra A.S, & Semwal V.P. (2015). Spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in mountain streams of Uttarakhand, India, p. 333. In: M Rawat, S Dookia, Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan (eds), Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation, New York, Springer (2)31-51. DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_4.
Picker, M., Griffiths, C.& Weaving, A. (2003). Weaving, Field Guide to insects of South Africa: The first comprehensive guide to African insects with full colour photographs of over 1200 species, struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
Pramod, A., Kumar, V. & Gowda, R. (2011). A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water in Wetlands of Hebbe Range in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Mid-Western ghat Region, India. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(10),09-15
Premlata, V. (2009). Multivariant analysis of drinking water quality parameters of lake Pichhola in Udaipur, India Biological Forum – An International Journal 1(2), 86-91
Ramesh, C.S., Neetu, S. & Anita, C. (2016). The influence of physico-chemical parameters on phytoplankton distribution in a head water stream of Garhwal Himalayas: A case study. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2015.11.004
Rani, N., Sinha, R.K., Prasad, K. & Kedia, D.K (2011). Assessment of temporal variation in water quality of some important rivers in middle Gangetic plains, India. Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 174, 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1465-9
Sarkar, A. & Upadhyay, B. (2013) Assessment of the Variations in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality of the Wetlands in District Manipuri (U.P.) India. International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 95-103.
Shah, S.A, & Islam, S. (2021) Recreational benefits of wetlands: A survey on the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir of India. International Hospitality Review.
10.1108/ihr-03-2021-0018
Sharma, A. K., Malik, D. S., Kamboj, V., & Sharma, A. K. (2022). Waterbody status of upper Ganga basin and its major tributaries using enviro-assessment techniques. World Water Policy, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2. 1208
Steffen, K., Becker, W.H. & Leuschner, C. (2013). Diversity loss in the macrophyte vegetation of northwest German streams and rivers between the 1950s and 2010. Hydrobiologia, 7(13), 1-17. DOI 10.1007/s10750-013-1472-2
Subramanian, K.A. & Sivaramakrishanan, K.G. (2007). Aquatic Insects for Biomonitoring Freshwater Ecosystems-A Methodology Manual. Ashoka Trust for Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India, 31.
Trivedi, R.K. & Goel, P.K. Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution studies. Environment Publication, Karad India.
Wetzel, R.G. & Likens, G.E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. Third Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. 14,429.
Yang, Y.G., He, Z.L., Lin, Y.& Stoffella, P.J. (2010). Phosphorous availability in sediments from a tidal river receiving runoff water from agricultural fields. Agricultural Water Management, 97,122-1730. https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAEM.01221-08
Amar, S., Dattesh, M.& Desai, V. (2011). Distribution and abundance of macrobenthic polychaetes along the South Indian Coast. Environment Monitoring and Assessment,178, 423-436.
APHA, AWWA, WPCF (2012) In: Standard methods for examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, 22nd edition Inc. New York. 1360pp.
Aswathy, T.S., Achu, A.L., Shincy Francis., Girish Gopinath., Shijo Joseph., Surendran, U. & Sunil, P.S. (2021), Assessment of water quality in a tropical ramsar wetland of southern India in the wake of COVID-19. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 23,100604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100604
Ayoade, A.A. & Agarwal, N. (2012). Preliminary analyses of physical and chemical parameters of Tehri dam reservoir, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Zoology and Ecology, 22(1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2012.674656
Bhat, G.A., Jauhari, R.K., Paray, M.A. & Devi, N.P. (2017). Study the wetland water quality using biotic indexes: A case study of Asan wetland in central Himalaya. International Journal of Zoology studies, 2(6), 233-238.
Buss, D.F., Baptista, D.F., Nessimian, J.L. & Egler, M. (2004). Substrate specificity, environmental degradation and disturbance structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in neotropical streams, Hydrobiology, 518(1-3),179-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025067.66 126.1c
Carter, J. L., Resh, V. H. & Hannaford, M. J. (2017). Macroinvertebrates as Biotic Indicators of Environmental Quality, Methods in Stream Ecology (Third Edition), Editor(s): Gary A. Lamberti, F. Richard Hauer, Academic Press, 293-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813047-6.00016-4.
Fernando, E., Balatibat, J., Peras, J. & Jumawid, R. (1998). Resource inventory and assessment of biodiversity in Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority. Terminal Report. Research Project funded by DOST-PCARRD, SBMA and UPLB.
Hauer, F.R. & Lamberti, G.A. (1996). Methods in stream ecology. Academic press, SanDiego.
Kamboj, V., Kamboj, N. & Bisht, A. & Sharma, A. (2022). Fish Diversity Associated with Environmental Parameters in Impacted Area of Ganga River, India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, DOI:10.1007/s40011-022-01393-9.
Khichi, Y. (2022). Correlation coefficient between physico-chemical parameter and benthic macro-invertebrates of Omkareshwar to Barwani in Narmada River. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, 1, 48-52.
Kumar, R., Sharma, V. & Sharma, R. C. (2018). Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Water Quality of Asan Wetland of Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, 5(3), 64-70.
Liu, C., Liu, L. & Shen, H. (2010). Seasonal variations of phytoplankton community structure in relation to physicochemical factors in lake Baiyangdian, China. Procedia of Environment Science, 2: 1622-1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.173
Ludwick, J.A. & Reynolds, J.F. (1998). Statistical ecology a primer on methods and computing A Wiley-Inter science publication. New York.1-337.
Malik, D. S., Sharma, A. K. & Sharma, A. K. (2020a). Current status of microbenthic diversity and their habitat ecology in River Ganga and its tributaries, Uttarakhand. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India 23(2), 1413-1420.
Malik, D. S., Sharma, A. K. & Sharma, A. K. (2020b). Status of zooplankton diversity, abundance in relation to hydrography of Ganga River and its tributaries at Rishikesh. Indian Journal of Ecology, 47(3), 739–745.
Malik, D. S., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, A. K., Kamboj, V. & Sharma, A. K. (2021). Anthropogenic influence on water quality and phytoplankton diversity of upper Ganga basin: A case study of Ganga River and its major tributaries. World Water Policy, 7, 88–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.12049
Mandaville, S.M. (2002). Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters-Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols.
Meleddu, M. (2014). Tourism, residents’ welfare, and economic choice: a literature review. Journal of Economic Survey, 28, 2, 376-399.
Mishra, A.S. & Nautiyal, P. (2016). Substratum as determining factor for the distribution of benthic microinvertebrates fauna in a river ecosystem. Proceedings of National Academy of Science India, Sect B Biological Science, 86(3),735-742. DOI 10.1007/s40011-015-0520-2.
Mishra, A.S., Singh, K.R. & Nautiyal, P. (2020). Factors governing distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in the spring fed headwater of Doon valley, India. Journal of Mountain Research, 15, 159-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.51220/jmr.v15i1.19
Nautiyal, P. (2010). Food chains of Ganga River ecosystems in the Himalaya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 13(4), 362-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463498 8.2010.528998.
Nautiyal P., Mishra A.S, & Semwal V.P. (2015). Spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in mountain streams of Uttarakhand, India, p. 333. In: M Rawat, S Dookia, Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan (eds), Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation, New York, Springer (2)31-51. DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_4.
Picker, M., Griffiths, C.& Weaving, A. (2003). Weaving, Field Guide to insects of South Africa: The first comprehensive guide to African insects with full colour photographs of over 1200 species, struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
Pramod, A., Kumar, V. & Gowda, R. (2011). A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water in Wetlands of Hebbe Range in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Mid-Western ghat Region, India. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(10),09-15
Premlata, V. (2009). Multivariant analysis of drinking water quality parameters of lake Pichhola in Udaipur, India Biological Forum – An International Journal 1(2), 86-91
Ramesh, C.S., Neetu, S. & Anita, C. (2016). The influence of physico-chemical parameters on phytoplankton distribution in a head water stream of Garhwal Himalayas: A case study. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2015.11.004
Rani, N., Sinha, R.K., Prasad, K. & Kedia, D.K (2011). Assessment of temporal variation in water quality of some important rivers in middle Gangetic plains, India. Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 174, 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1465-9
Sarkar, A. & Upadhyay, B. (2013) Assessment of the Variations in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality of the Wetlands in District Manipuri (U.P.) India. International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 95-103.
Shah, S.A, & Islam, S. (2021) Recreational benefits of wetlands: A survey on the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir of India. International Hospitality Review.
10.1108/ihr-03-2021-0018
Sharma, A. K., Malik, D. S., Kamboj, V., & Sharma, A. K. (2022). Waterbody status of upper Ganga basin and its major tributaries using enviro-assessment techniques. World Water Policy, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2. 1208
Steffen, K., Becker, W.H. & Leuschner, C. (2013). Diversity loss in the macrophyte vegetation of northwest German streams and rivers between the 1950s and 2010. Hydrobiologia, 7(13), 1-17. DOI 10.1007/s10750-013-1472-2
Subramanian, K.A. & Sivaramakrishanan, K.G. (2007). Aquatic Insects for Biomonitoring Freshwater Ecosystems-A Methodology Manual. Ashoka Trust for Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India, 31.
Trivedi, R.K. & Goel, P.K. Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution studies. Environment Publication, Karad India.
Wetzel, R.G. & Likens, G.E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. Third Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. 14,429.
Yang, Y.G., He, Z.L., Lin, Y.& Stoffella, P.J. (2010). Phosphorous availability in sediments from a tidal river receiving runoff water from agricultural fields. Agricultural Water Management, 97,122-1730. https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAEM.01221-08
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Factors affecting the ecological habitat of Benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages in Asan wetland, Dehradun in Garhwal Himalaya. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 262-272. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4222
