Assessing the in vitro efficacy of biocontrol agents and oil cakes against basal rot of onion incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae
Article Main
Abstract
Onions are an important vegetable crop, which is infected by many soils and foliar pathogens. Among them, Fusarium Basal Rot (FBR) causes yield losses of up to 50 per cent in the field and 30 to 40 per cent during post-harvest storage of bulbs. For management of basal rot of onion, the efficacy of native antagonists such as six different Trichoderma sp. (T1-T6), five different Bacillus sp. (B1-B5) and five different oil cakes was assessed against the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae under in vitro condition. Among them, T3 collected from Kulithalai recorded maximum virulence as well as dark green sporulation with conidia length of 2.68–3.25 and breadth of 2.54-3.46µ. Among the tested isolates, In the case of Bacillus sp., isolate B4 recorded the maximum inhibition zone (66.16%), followed by B. subtilis (B5), which recorded a (59.03%) inhibition on the mycelial growth. Among the five different oil cakes, the filtrates of neem cake showed a maximum inhibition zone against F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae of 1.29 cm @ 15% concentration, followed by groundnut cake at 1.36 cm @ 30% concentration. Hence the different control measures, Trichoderma sp. showed critically acclaimed performance under in vitro than others. The combined application of Trichoderma sp, Bacillus sp and neem oilcake significantly inhibited the growth of basal rot of onion due to the presence of the antimicrobial property.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Biocontrol, In vitro evaluation, Onion, Organic amendments, Trichoderma sp.
References
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Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, K. Manonmani, M. Theradimani & S. Vellaikumar (2021). Phytostimulation and growth promotion activities of Trichoderma spp. on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13 (4), 1172-1179.
Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, M. L. Mini & K. Manonmani (2022). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of antimicrobial compounds produced by mahua oil cake against the stem rot pathogen-Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14 (2), 600-606.
Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, K. Manonmani, M. L. Mini, S. Vellaikumar, S. Brindhadevi & M. Theradimani (2022) Combined Application of Trichoderma longibrachiatumT (SP)-20 and Trichoderma asperellum T (AR)-10 in the Management of Stem Rot of Groundnut.Legume Research-An International Journal, 1, 7.
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Deshmukh. M. A., Gade, R. M., Belkar, Y. R. & Koche, M. D. (2016). Efficacy of Bio agents, bio-fertilizer and soil amendments to manage root rot in green gram. Legume Research 39(1),140-141.
Erayya, (2014). Designing a triple combination of copper, Trichoderma and chitosan and its evaluation against late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Thesis, Ph.D. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantanagar. Pp.65-90.
Gnanamanickam, S. S., Vasudevan, P, Reddy, M. S., Defago & G, Kloepper, J. W. (2002). Biological control of crop diseases. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker. Pp.1-9.
Gupta, R. & Gupta, R. (2014). Effect of Integrated Disease Management Packages on Diseases Incidence and Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.). SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 11, 2 (Mar. 2014), 49–59. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18401.
Howard, F. (2007). Interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum and Meloidogyne spp. in Vigna unguiculata pathogenesis by F. o. tracheiphilum as affected by M. javanica and host cultivar. April 2007. Plant Pathology 40(3),465 – 475. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02405.
Idris, Bektas & Mustafa, Kusek. (2019). Phylogenetic and Morphological characterization of F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae the causal agent of Basal rot on onion isolated from Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(3), 1733-1742. https://doi.org:10.1080/09583157.2 020.1839381
Jagraj, Singh, Vipul, Kumar, Seweta, Srivastava & Adesh kumar. (2018). In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma sp against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causing Tomato wilt. Journal of Plant Pathology 17(2), 59-64. DOI: 10.3923/ppj.2018.59.64
Koch, R. (1883). Bericht uber die Thatigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommisionen in Aegypten und Ostindien. Wien Med Wochenschr 33, 1548-1551. DOI: 10.25646/5107
Mardanova, A. M., Hadieva, G. F., Lutfullin, M. T., Khilyas, I. V., Minnullina, L. F., Gilyazeva, A. G., Bogomolnaya, L. M. & Sharipova, M. R, (2017). Bacillus subtilis strains with antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi. Agricultural Sciences 8, 1–20. DOI : 10.4236/as.2017.81001
Mishra, R. K., Jaiswal, R. K., Kumar, D., Saabale, P. R. & Singh, A. (2014). Management of major diseases and insect pests of onion and garlic: a comprehensive review. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 6,160–170. DOI:10.5897/JPBCS2014.0467
Muthukumar, G., R. Udhayakumar, A. Muthukumar, N. Muthukumaran & M. Ayyandurai (2022) Survey on disease incidence of basal rot of onion incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae in major onion growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 11(8S): 1445-1454.
Nwankiti, A. O. & Gwa, V. I. (2018). Evaluation of antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusa rium oxysporum causal agent of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata poir) tuber rot. Trends in Technical & Scientific Research; 1(1),0012-8. DOI:10.19080/TTSR.2 018.01.555554
Olutiola, P. O., Famurewa, O. & Sonntag, H. G. (2000). An introduction to General Microbiology: A Practical Approach. Bolabay Publications 157-75. DOI: 10.12691/ajmr-6-1-4
Parvathi, A, Krishna, K, Jose, J, Joseph, N. & Nair, S. (2009). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus pumilus isolated from coastal environment in Cochin, India. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 40(2), 269-275. do 10.1590/S1517-838220090002000012.
Priya, R. U., Arun, sataraddi & Darshan, S. (2016) Survey of purple blotch of onion (Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif.) in northern parts of Karnataka. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 9(3), 367- 373. DOI : 10.5958/2230-732X.2016.00048.6
Rangaswami, G. (1958). An agar block technique for isolating soil microorganism with special reference to Phythiacous fungi. Science and Culture 24, 85.
Sintayehu, A, Sakhuja, P. K., Fininsa, C. & Ahmed, S. (2011). Management of Fusarium basal rot Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae on shallot through fungicidal bulb treatment. Crop Protection 30,560–565. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.027
Stolpe, S. & Godkeri, K. (1981). Non Pathogenic members of Pseudomonas. In: Marthiner (ed). The Prokaryotes, Springer-Verlag, New York 719-741. DOI:10.32622/ijrat.742019233
Sundaramoorthy, S. & Balabaskar, P. (2013). Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology Appl Biol Biotech, 1, 36–40. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-5-1-2
Taha, Yassin M, Abdel-Fattah, Mostafa, A. A, Al-Askar, A. A, Sayed, S. R. M. & Mostafa, Rady (2020). Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride starains against some fusarial pathogens causing stalk rot of maize, in-vitro. Journal of King Sand University- Science. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00463-w
Tutte, J. (1969). Plant pathological methods fungi and bacteria. Burgress publishing company, U.S.A. pp. 229.
Tyskiewicz, R, Nowak, A., Ozimek, E. & Jaroszuk-Sciseł, J. ( 2022). Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 2329. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042329
Vignesh, K. (2020). Combinational effect of AM fungi and PGPR for the management of wilt disease in tomato. Thesis.
Vincent, J. M. (1927). Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature 59: 850. doi: 10.1038/159850b0. PMID: 20343980.
Wu, (2015). Bacilysin overproduction in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens. Scientific Reports 5:1297510.1038/srep12975.
Zalila-Kolsi, I, Mahmoud, A. B, Ali, H, Sellami, S, Nasfifi, Z, Tounsi, S. & Jamoussi, K. (2016). Antagonist effects of Bacillus spp. strains against Fusarium graminearum for protection of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Microbiological Research 192 148–158. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.012. Epub 2016 Jul 6. PMID: 27664733.
Allen, E. K. (1953). Experiments in soil microbiology. Burgess Publishers. C Minnepolis 107p
Aneja, K. R.(1993). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology and tissue culture .Wishwaprakasham, New Delhi 117-195.
Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, K. Manonmani, M. Theradimani & S. Vellaikumar (2021). Phytostimulation and growth promotion activities of Trichoderma spp. on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13 (4), 1172-1179.
Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, M. L. Mini & K. Manonmani (2022). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of antimicrobial compounds produced by mahua oil cake against the stem rot pathogen-Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14 (2), 600-606.
Ayyandurai, M., R. Akila, K. Manonmani, M. L. Mini, S. Vellaikumar, S. Brindhadevi & M. Theradimani (2022) Combined Application of Trichoderma longibrachiatumT (SP)-20 and Trichoderma asperellum T (AR)-10 in the Management of Stem Rot of Groundnut.Legume Research-An International Journal, 1, 7.
Ben Kalman, Dekel Abraham, Shaul Graph, Rafael Perl-Treves, Yael Meller Harel & Ofir Degani (2020) Isolation and Identification of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot in Northeastern Israel. Biology 9(4), 69 https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9040069
Cappuccino, J. G. & Sherman, N. (1992). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, California. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-1-4-6
Cyrabree, T. & Hindshill, G. (1975). Fundamental Experiments in Microbiology, W.B. Saunders Company, London 61-66. https://doi.org/10.32622/ijrat.742019233
Dennis, C. & Webster, J. (1971). Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma Production of volatile antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 57(1), Pages 41-48, IN4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(71)80078-5
Deshmukh. M. A., Gade, R. M., Belkar, Y. R. & Koche, M. D. (2016). Efficacy of Bio agents, bio-fertilizer and soil amendments to manage root rot in green gram. Legume Research 39(1),140-141.
Erayya, (2014). Designing a triple combination of copper, Trichoderma and chitosan and its evaluation against late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Thesis, Ph.D. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantanagar. Pp.65-90.
Gnanamanickam, S. S., Vasudevan, P, Reddy, M. S., Defago & G, Kloepper, J. W. (2002). Biological control of crop diseases. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker. Pp.1-9.
Gupta, R. & Gupta, R. (2014). Effect of Integrated Disease Management Packages on Diseases Incidence and Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.). SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 11, 2 (Mar. 2014), 49–59. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18401.
Howard, F. (2007). Interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum and Meloidogyne spp. in Vigna unguiculata pathogenesis by F. o. tracheiphilum as affected by M. javanica and host cultivar. April 2007. Plant Pathology 40(3),465 – 475. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02405.
Idris, Bektas & Mustafa, Kusek. (2019). Phylogenetic and Morphological characterization of F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae the causal agent of Basal rot on onion isolated from Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(3), 1733-1742. https://doi.org:10.1080/09583157.2 020.1839381
Jagraj, Singh, Vipul, Kumar, Seweta, Srivastava & Adesh kumar. (2018). In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma sp against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causing Tomato wilt. Journal of Plant Pathology 17(2), 59-64. DOI: 10.3923/ppj.2018.59.64
Koch, R. (1883). Bericht uber die Thatigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommisionen in Aegypten und Ostindien. Wien Med Wochenschr 33, 1548-1551. DOI: 10.25646/5107
Mardanova, A. M., Hadieva, G. F., Lutfullin, M. T., Khilyas, I. V., Minnullina, L. F., Gilyazeva, A. G., Bogomolnaya, L. M. & Sharipova, M. R, (2017). Bacillus subtilis strains with antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi. Agricultural Sciences 8, 1–20. DOI : 10.4236/as.2017.81001
Mishra, R. K., Jaiswal, R. K., Kumar, D., Saabale, P. R. & Singh, A. (2014). Management of major diseases and insect pests of onion and garlic: a comprehensive review. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 6,160–170. DOI:10.5897/JPBCS2014.0467
Muthukumar, G., R. Udhayakumar, A. Muthukumar, N. Muthukumaran & M. Ayyandurai (2022) Survey on disease incidence of basal rot of onion incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae in major onion growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 11(8S): 1445-1454.
Nwankiti, A. O. & Gwa, V. I. (2018). Evaluation of antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusa rium oxysporum causal agent of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata poir) tuber rot. Trends in Technical & Scientific Research; 1(1),0012-8. DOI:10.19080/TTSR.2 018.01.555554
Olutiola, P. O., Famurewa, O. & Sonntag, H. G. (2000). An introduction to General Microbiology: A Practical Approach. Bolabay Publications 157-75. DOI: 10.12691/ajmr-6-1-4
Parvathi, A, Krishna, K, Jose, J, Joseph, N. & Nair, S. (2009). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus pumilus isolated from coastal environment in Cochin, India. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 40(2), 269-275. do 10.1590/S1517-838220090002000012.
Priya, R. U., Arun, sataraddi & Darshan, S. (2016) Survey of purple blotch of onion (Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif.) in northern parts of Karnataka. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 9(3), 367- 373. DOI : 10.5958/2230-732X.2016.00048.6
Rangaswami, G. (1958). An agar block technique for isolating soil microorganism with special reference to Phythiacous fungi. Science and Culture 24, 85.
Sintayehu, A, Sakhuja, P. K., Fininsa, C. & Ahmed, S. (2011). Management of Fusarium basal rot Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae on shallot through fungicidal bulb treatment. Crop Protection 30,560–565. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.027
Stolpe, S. & Godkeri, K. (1981). Non Pathogenic members of Pseudomonas. In: Marthiner (ed). The Prokaryotes, Springer-Verlag, New York 719-741. DOI:10.32622/ijrat.742019233
Sundaramoorthy, S. & Balabaskar, P. (2013). Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology Appl Biol Biotech, 1, 36–40. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-5-1-2
Taha, Yassin M, Abdel-Fattah, Mostafa, A. A, Al-Askar, A. A, Sayed, S. R. M. & Mostafa, Rady (2020). Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride starains against some fusarial pathogens causing stalk rot of maize, in-vitro. Journal of King Sand University- Science. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00463-w
Tutte, J. (1969). Plant pathological methods fungi and bacteria. Burgress publishing company, U.S.A. pp. 229.
Tyskiewicz, R, Nowak, A., Ozimek, E. & Jaroszuk-Sciseł, J. ( 2022). Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 2329. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042329
Vignesh, K. (2020). Combinational effect of AM fungi and PGPR for the management of wilt disease in tomato. Thesis.
Vincent, J. M. (1927). Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature 59: 850. doi: 10.1038/159850b0. PMID: 20343980.
Wu, (2015). Bacilysin overproduction in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens. Scientific Reports 5:1297510.1038/srep12975.
Zalila-Kolsi, I, Mahmoud, A. B, Ali, H, Sellami, S, Nasfifi, Z, Tounsi, S. & Jamoussi, K. (2016). Antagonist effects of Bacillus spp. strains against Fusarium graminearum for protection of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Microbiological Research 192 148–158. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.012. Epub 2016 Jul 6. PMID: 27664733.
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Assessing the in vitro efficacy of biocontrol agents and oil cakes against basal rot of onion incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae . (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4170
