Some biological aspects of four marine fish species in Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf
Article Main
Abstract
The study described some biological characteristics of four commercially important fish species in Iraqi marine waters including Planiliza klunzengeri, P. subviridis, Acanthopagrus arabicus and Otolithes ruber from February 2020 to January 2021. The length and weight of individual fish caught were measured. The length-weight relationships were W= 0.027L2.715 for P. klunzengeri, W= 0.034L2.670 for P. subviridis, W= 0.030L2.867 for A. arabicus and W= 0.023L2.755 for O. ruber, and all species indicated negative allometric growth. The lower values of the relative condition factor (Kn) were found at the mid-lengths of P. klunzingeri and P. subviridis, and the large individuals for A. arabicus and O. ruber. Scales were used for age determination and measurements, and the back-calculated lengths-at-ages were calculated using the body proportional formula. Asymptotic total lengths (L∞) estimated were 29.6, 32.8, 44.9 and 70.6 cm for P. klunzengeri, P. subviridis, A. arabicus and O. ruber, respectively. These results could assist in fisheries management for the sustainable exploitation of these commercially important species in Iraqi marine waters.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Age and growth, Arabian yellowfin seabream, Mullets, Northwest Arabian Gulf, Tiger tooth croaker
References
Al-Daham, N. K. & Wahab, N. K. (1991). Age, growth and reproduction of the green back mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes), in an estuary in Southern Iraq. Journal of Fish Biology, 38: 81-88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03093.x.
Al-Hassani, A. H. and Mohamed A. R. M. (2021). Population dynamics of Klunzinger's mullet, Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) from northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 13(4), 25-36. DOI: 10.9734/AJFAR/2021/v13i430272.
Ali, T. S., Mohamed, A. R. M & Hussain, N. A. (2002). Stock assessment of tigertooth, Otolithes ruber in the Northwest Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica, 17(1), 107-120.
Almatar, S. (1993). A comparison of length-related and age-related growth parameters of newaiby Otolithes ruber in Kuwait waters. ICLARM Fishbyte, 16(1), 32-34.
Al-Yamani, F. Y. (2021). Fathoming the table of contents northwestern Arabian Gulf: Oceanography and Marine Biology. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait. DOI:10.1016/J.DSR2.2018.10.003.
Bagenal, T. B & Tesch, F. W. (1978). Age and growth. In T.B. Bagenal (Ed). Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater, Blackwell Sci. Inc, pp.101-130.
Baloch, A., Zhang, K., Kalhoro, M. A., Memon, M. A., Kalhoro, M. T., Buzdar, M. A., Shafi, M., Saeed, F., Sohail, M. & Razaaq, S. (2020). Preliminary investigations on stock analysis of tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) from Balochistan coast, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 30(5), 1309-1318. DOI:10.36899/japs.2020.5.0149.
Brash, J. M. & Fennessy, S. T. (2005). A preliminary investigation of age and growth of Otolithes ruber from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 4(1), 21-28. DOI:10.22092/IJFS.2018.117809.
Cuadrado, J. T., Lim, D. S., Alcontin, R. M. S., Calang, J. L. & Jumawan, J. C. (2019). Species composition and length-weight relationship of twelve fish species in the two lakes of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. FishTaxa, 4(1), 1-8.
Dadzie, S., Manyala, J.O. & Abou-Seedo, F. (2005). Aspects of the population dynamics of Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwait Bay. Cybium, 29(1), 13-20.
Datta, S. N., Kaur, V. I., Dhawan, A. & Jassal, G. (2013). Estimation of length-weight relationship and condition factor of spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch) under different feeding regimes. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 436. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-436.
De Giosa, M., Czerniejewski, P. & Rybczyk, A. (2014). Seasonal changes in condition factor and weight-length relationship of invasive Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Leszczynskie Lakeland, Poland. Advances in Zoology, Volume 2014, 1-7. DOI:10.1155/2014/678763.
EarthTrends. (2003). Coastal and Marine Ecosystems-Iraq. https:// earthtrends.wri.org.
Eskandari, Gh., Savari, A., Kochanian, P. & Motlagh, A. (2012). Age and growth, length at first maturity of Otolithes ruber in the northwestern part of the Persian Gulf, based on age estimation using otolith. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(1), 13-27.
Esmaeili, H. R., Masoudi, M. & Mehraban, H. R. (2014). Assignment of Acanthopagrus populations in the Persian Gulf drainage system of Iran to Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 (Perciformes: Sparidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(1), 23-28. DOI:10.22034/IJI.V1I1.49.
Farkhondeh, G., Safaie, M., Kamrani, E. & Valinassab, T. (2018). Population parameters and reproductive biology of Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) in the northern Makran sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5, 173-183. DOI:10.22034/iji.v5i3.297.
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fong, J. D. (2022). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. Species by family/subfamily. http://researcharchive. cal academy. org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/ SpeciesByFamily.asp). Online Version, Updated 5 April 2022.
Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22 (4), 241-253. DOI:10.1111/J.1439-0426.2006.00805.X.
Gayanilo, F. C. Jr., Sparre, P. & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT II). Revised version. User's guide. FAO Comp. Info. Ser. (Fisheries), 8, 1-168.
Hakimelahi, M., Kamrani, E.1, Taghavi Motlagh, S. A., Ghodrati Shojaei, M. & Vahabnezhad, A. (2010). Growth parameters and mortality rates of Liza klunzingeri in the Iranian waters of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Oman Sea, using Length Frequency Data. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9(1), 87-96.
Hakimelahi, M., Taghavi Motlagh, S. A. & Vahabnezhad, A. (2012). Studies on the population dynamic and biology of Klunzinger's mullet (Liza klunzingeri) in Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Oman Sea. INOC-CNRS, International Conference on Land-Sea Interactions in the Coastal Zone, Jounieh, Lebanon, 06-08 November, 2012.
Iwatsuki, Y. (2013). Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology, 83, 64-95. DOI:10.1111/jfb.12151.
Jennings, S., Kaiser, M. J. & Reynolds, J. D. (2001). Marine fisheries ecology. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd.
Jiménez, B. L. (2006). Age-growth models for tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the Infiernillo reservoir, Mexico and reproductive behavior. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54, 577-588. DOI:10.15517/RBT.V54I2.13923.
Katsanevakis, S. (2006). Modelling fish growth: model section, multi-model inference and model selection uncertainty. Fisheries Research, 81, 229-235. DOI:10.1016/J.FISHRES.2006.07.002.
Keyombe, J. L., Malala, J.O., Waithaka, E., Lewo, R. M. & Obwanga, B. O. (2017). Seasonal changes in length-weight relationship and condition factor of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichlidae) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 5(1), 7-11. DOI:10.22034/IJAB.V5I1.231.
Khodadadi, M., Emami, F., Mohammadi, G. & Riazi, S. (2010). Estimation of mortality coefficients of Otolithes ruber (Perciformes) in Khuzestan province of southern Iran. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4(4), 917-922.
Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20, 201-219.
Mathews, C. P & Samuel, M. (1991). Growth, mortality and length-weight parameters for some Kuwaiti fish and shrimp. ICLARM Fishbyte, 9(2), 30-33.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Abood, A. N. (2020a). Current status of Iraqi artisanal marine fisheries in northwest of the Arabian Gulf of Iraq. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 5(4), 457-464. DOI:10.26832/245666 32.2020.050404.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Abood, A. N. (2020b). Population dynamics of three mullets species (Mugilidae) from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 13(9), 22-31. DOI:10.9790/2380-1309022231.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Jawad, L. A. (2021). Marine Artisanal Fisheries of Iraq. In L.A. Jawad (Ed). The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures, pp. 917-948. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-51506-5_41.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021a. Aspects of population dynamics of tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 12(6), 9-21. DOI: 10.9734/AJFAR/2021/v12i630249.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021b. Growth, mortality and stock assessment of greenback mullet, Planiliza subviridis from northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(2), 142-148. DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2021.060205.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021c. Population dynamics of Arabian yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 from Iraqi marine waters, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 9(4), 15-25. DOI: 10.22271/fish.2021.v9.i4a.2517.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Hussein, S. A. & Saleh, J. H. (1998). The biology of green Back Grey mullet Liza subviridis in the northwest Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica, 13(2), 375-385.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Ali, T. S. & Hussain, N. A. (2005). The physical oceanography and fisheries of the Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf. Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Utilization of Marine Resource, 20-22 December 2002, Pakistan, pp. 47-56.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Jasim, B. M & Asmail, A. K. (2010). Comparative morphometric and meristic study on Yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus in Iraqi Waters. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 159-178.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Hussein, S. A. & Mutlak, F. M. (2013). Stock Assessment of Greenback mullet, Liza subviridis in East Hammar marsh, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1), 315-327.
Mohd Rosli, N. A. (2012). Population biology of greenback grey mullet, Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia. MSc Thesis submitted to University Sains Malaysia.
Mustafa, M. G., Ahmed, I. & Iiyas, M. (2019). Population dynamics of five important commercial fish species in the Sundarb, and Ecosystem of Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 22(2), 1-13. DOI:10.9734/jalsi/2019/v22i230122.
Mzingirwa, F. A., Nyamora, J. M., Omukoto, J. O., & Tuda, P. (2020). Stock assessment of the Tigertooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from the commercial prawn trawl fishery by-catch in coastal Kenya. WIO Journal of Marine Science, 19(2), 149-165. DOI:10.4314/wiojms.v19i2.11.
Nikolsky, G. V. (1963). The ecology of fishes. Academic Press, London and New York, 352.
Panda, D., Mohanty, S. K., Pattnaik, A. K., Das, S. & Karna, S. K. (2018). Growth, mortality and stock status of mullets (Mugilidae) in Chilika Lake, India. Lakes & Reservoirs, 2018, 1-13. DOI:10.1111/lre.12205.
Parenti, P. (2019). An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae. FishTaxa, 4(2), 47-98.
Pohl, T., Al-Muqdadi, S. W., Ali, M. A., Al-Mudaffar, N. F., Ehrlich, H. & Merkel, B. (2014). Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq. Scientific Reports 4, 4250. DOI:10.1038/srep04250.
Raeisi, H., Paighambari, S. Y., Davood, R., Bibak, M. & Hosseini, S. A. (2012). Length-weights relationship and relative weights of some demersal species from Persian Gulf Iran. Africa Journal of Agricultural Researches, 7(5), 741-746. DOI:10.5897/AJAR11.1315
Rahman, M. A. U., Mohanchander, P., Lyla, P. S & Ajmal Khan, S. (2016). Growth and Stock Estimation of Greenback Mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Parangipettai Waters (Southeast Coast of India). Thalassas, 32, 43-50. DOI:10.1007/s41208-015-000 5-3.
Rahnama, B., Kamrani, E., Radfar, F., Yadollahvandmiandoab, R. & Parsa, M. (2017). The relationship between otolith size and estimated age of tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in Oman Sea, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(5), 978-982. DOI:10.1111/JAI.13404.
Resen, A. K., Mohamed, A. R. M. & Hashim, A. A. (2008). The stock assessment of yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus latus in north-west Arabian Gulf. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 182-196.
Resen, A. K., Mohamed, A. R. M. & Hashim, A. A. (2010). The stock of Otolithes ruber in Northwestern Arabian Gulf. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 1-13.
Riaz, S., Khan, M. A. & Farooque, R. Y. (2017). Length-weight relationship in Acanthopagrus arabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) from Karachi coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 14(2), 253-256.
Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board. Can., 191, 382 p.
Ricker, W. C. (1992). Back-calculation of fish lengths based on proportionality between scale and length increments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(5), 1018–1026.
Riedel, R., Caskey, L. M. & Hurlbert, S. H. (2007). Length-weight relations and growth rates of dominant fishes of the Salton Sea: implications for predation by fish-eating birds. Lake and Reservoir Management, 23, 528-535. DOI:10.1080/07438140709354036.
Samad, M. & Abbas, G. (1999). Population structure of the mullets Liza subviridis, L. carinata and Valamugil cunnesius (Family Mugilidae) from Sandspit backwaters along Karachi coast (northern Arabian Sea). Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 28, 312-319.
Santhoshkumar, S., Rajagopalsamy, C. B. T., Jawahar, P., Jayakumar, N. & Pavinkumar, P. (2017). Growth and mortality characteristics of Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) exploited off Thoothukudi Coast, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(4), 1746-1749.
Schneider, J. C., Laarman, P. W. & Gowing, H. (2000). Age and growth methods and state averages. In J.C. Schneide (Ed). Manual of fisheries survey methods II: with periodic updates. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Fisheries Special Report 25, Ann Arbor.
Shadi, A., Mediseh, S. D., Kouchanian, P. & Gandomi, Y. (2011). Length-weight relationships for 6 fish species from Khuzestan (North of Persian Gulf), Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 3, 129-131.
Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). “Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual”. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306. 1, Rev. 2. Rome, FAO. 407 pp.
Schultz, N. (1992). Preliminary Investigations on the Population Dynamics of Otolithes ruber (Sciaenidae) on Sofala Bank, Mozambique. Revista de Investigacao Pesqueira Maputo, 21, 41-49.
Vahabnezhad, A., Taghavimotlagh, S. A. & Ghodrati, S. M. (2017). Growth pattern and reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus latus from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 4(1), 18-28. DOI:10.18331/SFS2017.4.1.3.
Weatherley, A. H. & Gill, H. S. (1987). The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London, UK, 443 p.
Wiheyaratne, M. J. S. & Costa, H. H. (1987). The biology of grey mullets in a tropical lagoon in Sri Lanka. I- Age and growth. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 20(3), 163-170.
Wootton, R. J. (2011). Growth: environmental effects. In A.P. Farrell (Ed). Encyclopedia of fish physiology: from genome to environment. Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc, United States, pp. 1629-1635.
Zolkhiflee, N. B. (2016) Distribution of greenback grey mullet, Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in relation to environment parameters of Pinang River Estuary, Balik Pulau, Penang, Malaysia. MSc Thesis submitted to University Sains Malaysia.
Al-Hassani, A. H. and Mohamed A. R. M. (2021). Population dynamics of Klunzinger's mullet, Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) from northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 13(4), 25-36. DOI: 10.9734/AJFAR/2021/v13i430272.
Ali, T. S., Mohamed, A. R. M & Hussain, N. A. (2002). Stock assessment of tigertooth, Otolithes ruber in the Northwest Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica, 17(1), 107-120.
Almatar, S. (1993). A comparison of length-related and age-related growth parameters of newaiby Otolithes ruber in Kuwait waters. ICLARM Fishbyte, 16(1), 32-34.
Al-Yamani, F. Y. (2021). Fathoming the table of contents northwestern Arabian Gulf: Oceanography and Marine Biology. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait. DOI:10.1016/J.DSR2.2018.10.003.
Bagenal, T. B & Tesch, F. W. (1978). Age and growth. In T.B. Bagenal (Ed). Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater, Blackwell Sci. Inc, pp.101-130.
Baloch, A., Zhang, K., Kalhoro, M. A., Memon, M. A., Kalhoro, M. T., Buzdar, M. A., Shafi, M., Saeed, F., Sohail, M. & Razaaq, S. (2020). Preliminary investigations on stock analysis of tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) from Balochistan coast, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 30(5), 1309-1318. DOI:10.36899/japs.2020.5.0149.
Brash, J. M. & Fennessy, S. T. (2005). A preliminary investigation of age and growth of Otolithes ruber from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 4(1), 21-28. DOI:10.22092/IJFS.2018.117809.
Cuadrado, J. T., Lim, D. S., Alcontin, R. M. S., Calang, J. L. & Jumawan, J. C. (2019). Species composition and length-weight relationship of twelve fish species in the two lakes of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. FishTaxa, 4(1), 1-8.
Dadzie, S., Manyala, J.O. & Abou-Seedo, F. (2005). Aspects of the population dynamics of Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwait Bay. Cybium, 29(1), 13-20.
Datta, S. N., Kaur, V. I., Dhawan, A. & Jassal, G. (2013). Estimation of length-weight relationship and condition factor of spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch) under different feeding regimes. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 436. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-436.
De Giosa, M., Czerniejewski, P. & Rybczyk, A. (2014). Seasonal changes in condition factor and weight-length relationship of invasive Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Leszczynskie Lakeland, Poland. Advances in Zoology, Volume 2014, 1-7. DOI:10.1155/2014/678763.
EarthTrends. (2003). Coastal and Marine Ecosystems-Iraq. https:// earthtrends.wri.org.
Eskandari, Gh., Savari, A., Kochanian, P. & Motlagh, A. (2012). Age and growth, length at first maturity of Otolithes ruber in the northwestern part of the Persian Gulf, based on age estimation using otolith. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(1), 13-27.
Esmaeili, H. R., Masoudi, M. & Mehraban, H. R. (2014). Assignment of Acanthopagrus populations in the Persian Gulf drainage system of Iran to Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 (Perciformes: Sparidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(1), 23-28. DOI:10.22034/IJI.V1I1.49.
Farkhondeh, G., Safaie, M., Kamrani, E. & Valinassab, T. (2018). Population parameters and reproductive biology of Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) in the northern Makran sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5, 173-183. DOI:10.22034/iji.v5i3.297.
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fong, J. D. (2022). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. Species by family/subfamily. http://researcharchive. cal academy. org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/ SpeciesByFamily.asp). Online Version, Updated 5 April 2022.
Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22 (4), 241-253. DOI:10.1111/J.1439-0426.2006.00805.X.
Gayanilo, F. C. Jr., Sparre, P. & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT II). Revised version. User's guide. FAO Comp. Info. Ser. (Fisheries), 8, 1-168.
Hakimelahi, M., Kamrani, E.1, Taghavi Motlagh, S. A., Ghodrati Shojaei, M. & Vahabnezhad, A. (2010). Growth parameters and mortality rates of Liza klunzingeri in the Iranian waters of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Oman Sea, using Length Frequency Data. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9(1), 87-96.
Hakimelahi, M., Taghavi Motlagh, S. A. & Vahabnezhad, A. (2012). Studies on the population dynamic and biology of Klunzinger's mullet (Liza klunzingeri) in Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Oman Sea. INOC-CNRS, International Conference on Land-Sea Interactions in the Coastal Zone, Jounieh, Lebanon, 06-08 November, 2012.
Iwatsuki, Y. (2013). Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology, 83, 64-95. DOI:10.1111/jfb.12151.
Jennings, S., Kaiser, M. J. & Reynolds, J. D. (2001). Marine fisheries ecology. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd.
Jiménez, B. L. (2006). Age-growth models for tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the Infiernillo reservoir, Mexico and reproductive behavior. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54, 577-588. DOI:10.15517/RBT.V54I2.13923.
Katsanevakis, S. (2006). Modelling fish growth: model section, multi-model inference and model selection uncertainty. Fisheries Research, 81, 229-235. DOI:10.1016/J.FISHRES.2006.07.002.
Keyombe, J. L., Malala, J.O., Waithaka, E., Lewo, R. M. & Obwanga, B. O. (2017). Seasonal changes in length-weight relationship and condition factor of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichlidae) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 5(1), 7-11. DOI:10.22034/IJAB.V5I1.231.
Khodadadi, M., Emami, F., Mohammadi, G. & Riazi, S. (2010). Estimation of mortality coefficients of Otolithes ruber (Perciformes) in Khuzestan province of southern Iran. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4(4), 917-922.
Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20, 201-219.
Mathews, C. P & Samuel, M. (1991). Growth, mortality and length-weight parameters for some Kuwaiti fish and shrimp. ICLARM Fishbyte, 9(2), 30-33.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Abood, A. N. (2020a). Current status of Iraqi artisanal marine fisheries in northwest of the Arabian Gulf of Iraq. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 5(4), 457-464. DOI:10.26832/245666 32.2020.050404.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Abood, A. N. (2020b). Population dynamics of three mullets species (Mugilidae) from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 13(9), 22-31. DOI:10.9790/2380-1309022231.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Jawad, L. A. (2021). Marine Artisanal Fisheries of Iraq. In L.A. Jawad (Ed). The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures, pp. 917-948. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-51506-5_41.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021a. Aspects of population dynamics of tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 12(6), 9-21. DOI: 10.9734/AJFAR/2021/v12i630249.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021b. Growth, mortality and stock assessment of greenback mullet, Planiliza subviridis from northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(2), 142-148. DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2021.060205.
Mohamed, A. R. M. & Al-Hassani, A. H. 2021c. Population dynamics of Arabian yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 from Iraqi marine waters, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 9(4), 15-25. DOI: 10.22271/fish.2021.v9.i4a.2517.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Hussein, S. A. & Saleh, J. H. (1998). The biology of green Back Grey mullet Liza subviridis in the northwest Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica, 13(2), 375-385.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Ali, T. S. & Hussain, N. A. (2005). The physical oceanography and fisheries of the Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf. Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Utilization of Marine Resource, 20-22 December 2002, Pakistan, pp. 47-56.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Jasim, B. M & Asmail, A. K. (2010). Comparative morphometric and meristic study on Yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus in Iraqi Waters. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 159-178.
Mohamed, A. R. M., Hussein, S. A. & Mutlak, F. M. (2013). Stock Assessment of Greenback mullet, Liza subviridis in East Hammar marsh, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1), 315-327.
Mohd Rosli, N. A. (2012). Population biology of greenback grey mullet, Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia. MSc Thesis submitted to University Sains Malaysia.
Mustafa, M. G., Ahmed, I. & Iiyas, M. (2019). Population dynamics of five important commercial fish species in the Sundarb, and Ecosystem of Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 22(2), 1-13. DOI:10.9734/jalsi/2019/v22i230122.
Mzingirwa, F. A., Nyamora, J. M., Omukoto, J. O., & Tuda, P. (2020). Stock assessment of the Tigertooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from the commercial prawn trawl fishery by-catch in coastal Kenya. WIO Journal of Marine Science, 19(2), 149-165. DOI:10.4314/wiojms.v19i2.11.
Nikolsky, G. V. (1963). The ecology of fishes. Academic Press, London and New York, 352.
Panda, D., Mohanty, S. K., Pattnaik, A. K., Das, S. & Karna, S. K. (2018). Growth, mortality and stock status of mullets (Mugilidae) in Chilika Lake, India. Lakes & Reservoirs, 2018, 1-13. DOI:10.1111/lre.12205.
Parenti, P. (2019). An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae. FishTaxa, 4(2), 47-98.
Pohl, T., Al-Muqdadi, S. W., Ali, M. A., Al-Mudaffar, N. F., Ehrlich, H. & Merkel, B. (2014). Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq. Scientific Reports 4, 4250. DOI:10.1038/srep04250.
Raeisi, H., Paighambari, S. Y., Davood, R., Bibak, M. & Hosseini, S. A. (2012). Length-weights relationship and relative weights of some demersal species from Persian Gulf Iran. Africa Journal of Agricultural Researches, 7(5), 741-746. DOI:10.5897/AJAR11.1315
Rahman, M. A. U., Mohanchander, P., Lyla, P. S & Ajmal Khan, S. (2016). Growth and Stock Estimation of Greenback Mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Parangipettai Waters (Southeast Coast of India). Thalassas, 32, 43-50. DOI:10.1007/s41208-015-000 5-3.
Rahnama, B., Kamrani, E., Radfar, F., Yadollahvandmiandoab, R. & Parsa, M. (2017). The relationship between otolith size and estimated age of tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in Oman Sea, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(5), 978-982. DOI:10.1111/JAI.13404.
Resen, A. K., Mohamed, A. R. M. & Hashim, A. A. (2008). The stock assessment of yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus latus in north-west Arabian Gulf. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 182-196.
Resen, A. K., Mohamed, A. R. M. & Hashim, A. A. (2010). The stock of Otolithes ruber in Northwestern Arabian Gulf. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 1-13.
Riaz, S., Khan, M. A. & Farooque, R. Y. (2017). Length-weight relationship in Acanthopagrus arabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) from Karachi coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 14(2), 253-256.
Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board. Can., 191, 382 p.
Ricker, W. C. (1992). Back-calculation of fish lengths based on proportionality between scale and length increments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(5), 1018–1026.
Riedel, R., Caskey, L. M. & Hurlbert, S. H. (2007). Length-weight relations and growth rates of dominant fishes of the Salton Sea: implications for predation by fish-eating birds. Lake and Reservoir Management, 23, 528-535. DOI:10.1080/07438140709354036.
Samad, M. & Abbas, G. (1999). Population structure of the mullets Liza subviridis, L. carinata and Valamugil cunnesius (Family Mugilidae) from Sandspit backwaters along Karachi coast (northern Arabian Sea). Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 28, 312-319.
Santhoshkumar, S., Rajagopalsamy, C. B. T., Jawahar, P., Jayakumar, N. & Pavinkumar, P. (2017). Growth and mortality characteristics of Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) exploited off Thoothukudi Coast, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(4), 1746-1749.
Schneider, J. C., Laarman, P. W. & Gowing, H. (2000). Age and growth methods and state averages. In J.C. Schneide (Ed). Manual of fisheries survey methods II: with periodic updates. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Fisheries Special Report 25, Ann Arbor.
Shadi, A., Mediseh, S. D., Kouchanian, P. & Gandomi, Y. (2011). Length-weight relationships for 6 fish species from Khuzestan (North of Persian Gulf), Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 3, 129-131.
Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). “Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual”. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306. 1, Rev. 2. Rome, FAO. 407 pp.
Schultz, N. (1992). Preliminary Investigations on the Population Dynamics of Otolithes ruber (Sciaenidae) on Sofala Bank, Mozambique. Revista de Investigacao Pesqueira Maputo, 21, 41-49.
Vahabnezhad, A., Taghavimotlagh, S. A. & Ghodrati, S. M. (2017). Growth pattern and reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus latus from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 4(1), 18-28. DOI:10.18331/SFS2017.4.1.3.
Weatherley, A. H. & Gill, H. S. (1987). The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London, UK, 443 p.
Wiheyaratne, M. J. S. & Costa, H. H. (1987). The biology of grey mullets in a tropical lagoon in Sri Lanka. I- Age and growth. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 20(3), 163-170.
Wootton, R. J. (2011). Growth: environmental effects. In A.P. Farrell (Ed). Encyclopedia of fish physiology: from genome to environment. Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc, United States, pp. 1629-1635.
Zolkhiflee, N. B. (2016) Distribution of greenback grey mullet, Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in relation to environment parameters of Pinang River Estuary, Balik Pulau, Penang, Malaysia. MSc Thesis submitted to University Sains Malaysia.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Some biological aspects of four marine fish species in Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(3), 1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3738
