Efficacy of fungicide ‘Kavach’ against Beauveria bassiana L. in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
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Abstract
Silkworm Bombyx mori L. is prone to be attacked by pathogen and more notably Beauveria bassiana L. Bed disinfectant Kavach was inoculated in different dosages (0.2%-1.6%) to IV and V instar silkworms of both bivoltine and cross breeds. Potency of disinfectant was assessed for the parameters such as survivability, larval duration, physiological, chemo and bio-assay tests. It was revealed that, bivoltine (NB4D2) silkworms were highly susceptible to diseases compared to cross breeds (PMxNB4D2). In bivoltine silkworms, survivability was found to be 61.15% at 1.6% of Kavach, when dusted twice during IV and V instar and crossbreed silkworms exhibited better resistance of 63.10% with the same treatments. Kavach treated silkworms showed decreased larval duration compared to control worms. Crossbreed silkworms were capable of maintaining high level of soluble proteins in spite of infection on 3rd day (17.40%), 4th day (20.50%) and 5th day (21.55%) whereas in bivoltine silkworms soluble protein level was brought down on 3rd day (19.30%), 4th day (22.40%) and 5th day (23.40%). Total soluble sugars
varied from third day till fifth day in both the races. Kavach dusted twice at 1% proved to be very useful in the improvement of various commercial cocoons characters.
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Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, Bombyx mori, Commercial characters, Kavach, Silkworm
References
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Baig, M. , Samson, M.V. , Sharma, S.D. , Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sasidharan, T.O. and Jolly, M.S. (1993). Efficacy of certain bed disinfectants in different combination against the nuclear polyhedrosis and white muscardine diseases of silkworm Bombyx mori L. Sericologia, 33(1):53-60.
Benchamin, K.V. and Nagaraj, C.S. (1987). Silkworm rearing techniques. In: Appropriate sericulture techniques. (ed.) Jolly, M.S. Chapter-4, Mysore, India. pp. 63-106.
Chandrasekaran, K. and Nataraju, B. (2008). Studies on white muscardine disease of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in India-A review. Indian J. Seric., 47 (2):136-154.
Chavan, J. A., Patil, S. J. and Bhawane, G.P. (2011). Screening of aqueous plant extracts against Beauveria bassiana infection to 5th instar larvae of Bombyx mori L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16):3936-3939.
Chinnaswamy, K.P. (1983). Studies on Aspergillosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. caused by Aspergillus tamari kita, M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, Bangalore, Karnataka. pp. 98.
Chinnaswamy, K.P. and Devaiah, M.C. (1986). Studies on the control of Aspergillosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 25:69-73.
Dandin, S.B. (2008). Large scale farming sericulture: A field reality. Indian Silk, 46:16-20.
Devaiah, M.C., Rajashekargowda, R. and Chinnaswamy, K.P. (1983). A new fungal pathogen, Aspergillus nidulans on the eri silkworm Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae). Indian J. Seric, 22: 71-72.
Isaiarasu, L., Sakthivel, N., Ravikumar, J. and Samuthiravelu, P. (2011). Effect of herbal extracts on the microbial pathogens causing flacherie and muscardine diseases in the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L. Journal of Bio pesticides, 4(2):150-155.
Kumar, K., K.P., Sinha, A.K., Singh, G.P. and Madhusudhan, K.N. (2011). Efficacy of Systemic Fungicides for Control of White Muscardine in Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D. Research Journal of Microbiology, 6:805-812.
Kumari, S. S., Rao, S.V.S, Mishra, S. and Murthy, U.S. (2011). Antifungal activity of Turbinaria conoides and Evaluation for the effective concentration against the infection of Beauveria bassiana in silkworm larvae. Research Journal of Microbiology, 6(2):115-123.
Krishnaswami, S., Roy, D. and Mukherjee, S.K. (1970). Yield and nutritive value of mulberry leaves as influenced by planting system, spacing and frequency of pruning. Indian J. Seric, 9(1):38-42.
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Krishnaswami, S., Narashimanna, Suyananrayana, S.K. and Kumararaj, S. (1992). Sericulture Manual 2: Silkworm Rearing. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
Kusunoki, J. and Watanabe, H. (1982). Changes in the haemolymph pH and specific gravity of the silkworm larvae Bombyx mori infected with Beauveria bassiana. J. Seric. Sci. Japan, 51:447-448.
Lowry, O.H., Roseubrough, N.J., Ferr, L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin–Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193:265-275.
Nagaraju, J. (2008). Silk of India, grace and luster. Biotechnol. News, 3:4-7.
Patil, C.S. (1993). Review on Pebrine-a microsporidian disease in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Sericologia, 33:201-210.
Patil, C.S., Jyothi, N.B. and Dass, C.M.S. (2001). Silkworm faecal pellets examination as diagnostic method for detecting pebrine. Indian Silk, 39:11-12.
Pant, U., Sudeep, A.B., Athawale, S.S. and Vipat, V.C. (2002). Baculovirus studies in new indigenous lepidopteron cell lines. Indian J. Expt. Biol., 40(1):63-68.
Plummer, D.T. (1971). An introduction to practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., Bombay and New Delhi, India.
Raghavaiah, G. and Jayaramaiah, M. (1989). Lethal concentration of white muscardine fungus Beauveria bassiana bals vuill to different races of mulberry silkworm. Indian J. Seric., 28(1):94-96.
Samson, M.V., Singh, R.N. and Sasidharan, T.O. (1998). Resham Jyothi-a wide spectrum bed disinfectant, Indian Silk, 37(3):9-10.
Seidavi, A., Bizhannia, A., Mawajpour, M., Mirhoseini, Z. and Ghanipoor, M. (2005). Investigation on necessity and methods of establishment of Sericultural cooperatives. Sericologia, 46:169-182.
Singhvi, N.R., Sharma, D.D. and Datta, R.K. (1996). Mulberry-a boon for social forestry. Indian Silk, 35:51-52.
Soaf, K.A., Trag, A.R., Khan, M.A. and Chishti, M.Z. (1994). Evolution of fungicides against white muscardine disease of silkworm Bombyx mori L. caused by Beauveria bassiana bals vuill. J. Seric, 21(1&2):10-16.
Sonwalkar, T.N. (1991). Handbook of Silk Technology. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. pp. 25-48.
Subba Rao, G., Chandra, A.K. and Bhattacharya, J. (1992). Effect of bleaching powder and lime against grasserie and muscardine diseases of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 31:37-40.
Ueda, S. and Suzuki, K. (1962). Studies on the growth of silkworm Bombyx mori, chronological changes on the amount of food ingested and digested, body weight and water content of the body and their mutual relationship. Bull. Seric. Stn. Japan, 22:33-74.
Veeranna, G. (1999). Integrated silkworm disease management: China Vs India. Indian Silk, 38(3):27-28.
Waldbauer, G.P. (1968). The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Insect Physiol, 5:229-288.
Anitha Peter, (1989). Investigation on the Aspergillosis of mulberry silkworm with special reference to its control. M.Sc. (Seri) Thesis, UAS, Bangalore, India. pp. 62-64.
Anitha, R. (2011). Indian silk industry in the global scenario. EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 1(3):100-110.
Baig, M. , Samson, M.V. , Sharma, S.D. , Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sasidharan, T.O. and Jolly, M.S. (1993). Efficacy of certain bed disinfectants in different combination against the nuclear polyhedrosis and white muscardine diseases of silkworm Bombyx mori L. Sericologia, 33(1):53-60.
Benchamin, K.V. and Nagaraj, C.S. (1987). Silkworm rearing techniques. In: Appropriate sericulture techniques. (ed.) Jolly, M.S. Chapter-4, Mysore, India. pp. 63-106.
Chandrasekaran, K. and Nataraju, B. (2008). Studies on white muscardine disease of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in India-A review. Indian J. Seric., 47 (2):136-154.
Chavan, J. A., Patil, S. J. and Bhawane, G.P. (2011). Screening of aqueous plant extracts against Beauveria bassiana infection to 5th instar larvae of Bombyx mori L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16):3936-3939.
Chinnaswamy, K.P. (1983). Studies on Aspergillosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. caused by Aspergillus tamari kita, M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, Bangalore, Karnataka. pp. 98.
Chinnaswamy, K.P. and Devaiah, M.C. (1986). Studies on the control of Aspergillosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 25:69-73.
Dandin, S.B. (2008). Large scale farming sericulture: A field reality. Indian Silk, 46:16-20.
Devaiah, M.C., Rajashekargowda, R. and Chinnaswamy, K.P. (1983). A new fungal pathogen, Aspergillus nidulans on the eri silkworm Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae). Indian J. Seric, 22: 71-72.
Isaiarasu, L., Sakthivel, N., Ravikumar, J. and Samuthiravelu, P. (2011). Effect of herbal extracts on the microbial pathogens causing flacherie and muscardine diseases in the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L. Journal of Bio pesticides, 4(2):150-155.
Kumar, K., K.P., Sinha, A.K., Singh, G.P. and Madhusudhan, K.N. (2011). Efficacy of Systemic Fungicides for Control of White Muscardine in Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D. Research Journal of Microbiology, 6:805-812.
Kumari, S. S., Rao, S.V.S, Mishra, S. and Murthy, U.S. (2011). Antifungal activity of Turbinaria conoides and Evaluation for the effective concentration against the infection of Beauveria bassiana in silkworm larvae. Research Journal of Microbiology, 6(2):115-123.
Krishnaswami, S., Roy, D. and Mukherjee, S.K. (1970). Yield and nutritive value of mulberry leaves as influenced by planting system, spacing and frequency of pruning. Indian J. Seric, 9(1):38-42.
Krishnaswami, S. (1978). New technology of silkworm rearing. Bulletin No. 2, C.S.R. and T.I., Mysore, India. pp.1-20.
Krishnaswami, S. (1990). Improved method of rearing young age (chawki) silkworms. Bulletin No. 2, Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India. pp. 1-24.
Krishnaswami, S., Narashimanna, Suyananrayana, S.K. and Kumararaj, S. (1992). Sericulture Manual 2: Silkworm Rearing. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
Kusunoki, J. and Watanabe, H. (1982). Changes in the haemolymph pH and specific gravity of the silkworm larvae Bombyx mori infected with Beauveria bassiana. J. Seric. Sci. Japan, 51:447-448.
Lowry, O.H., Roseubrough, N.J., Ferr, L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin–Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193:265-275.
Nagaraju, J. (2008). Silk of India, grace and luster. Biotechnol. News, 3:4-7.
Patil, C.S. (1993). Review on Pebrine-a microsporidian disease in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Sericologia, 33:201-210.
Patil, C.S., Jyothi, N.B. and Dass, C.M.S. (2001). Silkworm faecal pellets examination as diagnostic method for detecting pebrine. Indian Silk, 39:11-12.
Pant, U., Sudeep, A.B., Athawale, S.S. and Vipat, V.C. (2002). Baculovirus studies in new indigenous lepidopteron cell lines. Indian J. Expt. Biol., 40(1):63-68.
Plummer, D.T. (1971). An introduction to practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., Bombay and New Delhi, India.
Raghavaiah, G. and Jayaramaiah, M. (1989). Lethal concentration of white muscardine fungus Beauveria bassiana bals vuill to different races of mulberry silkworm. Indian J. Seric., 28(1):94-96.
Samson, M.V., Singh, R.N. and Sasidharan, T.O. (1998). Resham Jyothi-a wide spectrum bed disinfectant, Indian Silk, 37(3):9-10.
Seidavi, A., Bizhannia, A., Mawajpour, M., Mirhoseini, Z. and Ghanipoor, M. (2005). Investigation on necessity and methods of establishment of Sericultural cooperatives. Sericologia, 46:169-182.
Singhvi, N.R., Sharma, D.D. and Datta, R.K. (1996). Mulberry-a boon for social forestry. Indian Silk, 35:51-52.
Soaf, K.A., Trag, A.R., Khan, M.A. and Chishti, M.Z. (1994). Evolution of fungicides against white muscardine disease of silkworm Bombyx mori L. caused by Beauveria bassiana bals vuill. J. Seric, 21(1&2):10-16.
Sonwalkar, T.N. (1991). Handbook of Silk Technology. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. pp. 25-48.
Subba Rao, G., Chandra, A.K. and Bhattacharya, J. (1992). Effect of bleaching powder and lime against grasserie and muscardine diseases of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 31:37-40.
Ueda, S. and Suzuki, K. (1962). Studies on the growth of silkworm Bombyx mori, chronological changes on the amount of food ingested and digested, body weight and water content of the body and their mutual relationship. Bull. Seric. Stn. Japan, 22:33-74.
Veeranna, G. (1999). Integrated silkworm disease management: China Vs India. Indian Silk, 38(3):27-28.
Waldbauer, G.P. (1968). The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Insect Physiol, 5:229-288.
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Efficacy of fungicide ‘Kavach’ against Beauveria bassiana L. in silkworm Bombyx mori L. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.371
