Genotypic, phenotypic variability and evaluation of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes for yield components
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Abstract
Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is India's major vegetable crop, accounting for 60% of exports. Comparatively, Tamil Nadu has a small area of cultivation and production. Hence, the present study involves the utilizatization of simple measure of variability and genetic variance to develop new varieties. The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of okra crop using 20 quantitative traits. The analysis of variance found that genotypes were significant (P 0.05 and P 0.01) for all of the traits tested. The fruit yield plant-1 ranged from 176.40 to 438.40 g, with 347.42 g being the average. In all the traits studied, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The closeness of PCV and GCV values suggested that the environment had little influence on manifestation of the characters under examination. GCV (1.89-13.98) and PCV (4.06-16.61) levels were found to be moderate (10-20) and low (<10), respectively, in the study. Heritability ranged from 21.73 (days to first fruit harvest) to 97.19 (plant height) percent. At 5% selection intensity, the genetic advance (GA)% mean ranged from 1.82 (days to first fruit harvest) to 27.38 (plant height). Plant height (13.68, 13.48), internodal length (16.61, 13.98), first fruiting node (13.00, 10.89), number of fruits plant-1 (13.19, 11.91), number of marketable fruits plant-1 (13.36, 11.97) and fruit yield plant-1 (13.75, 12.29) showed high heritability and high GA% mean. Thus, the above-mentioned characteristics are additive genetic control and direct selection in okra has good potential for improvement in fruit yield.
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Keywords
Genetic advance % mean, Genotypic coefficient of variation, Heritability, Okra, Phenotypic coefficient of variation
References
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Aminu, D., Bello, O.B., Gambo, B.A., Azeez, A.H., Agbolade, O.J., Iliyasu, A. & Abdulhamid, U.A. (2016). Varietal performance and correlation of okra pod yield and yield components. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment, 8, 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2016-001
Anonymous, (2017). Horticultural statistics at a glance. PDES-256 (E) 500-2017-(DSK-111). www.agricoop.nic.in
Burton, G.W. (1952). Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th Int. Grassland Cong., 1, 227-285.
Chetana, Wankhade, M.P. & Deshmukh, J.D. (2021). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(12), 2687-2690.
Hanson, W.D., Robinson, H.F. & Comstock, R.E. (1956). Biometrical studies of yield segregating population Korean lespedeza. Agron. J., 48, 268-272.
Harshwardhan., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., & Prasad, B. (2016). Study of variance, heritability and genetic advance for various yield contributing and quality traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 8 (4), 1811-1814.
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Johnson, H.W., Robinson H.F. & Comstock R. E. (1955). Estimate of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron. J., 47, 314-318.
Kumar Y. (2020). Germplasm evaluation for growth, fruit yield and its contributing traits in okra [Abelmoschus
esculentus (L.) Moench.]. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis., Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, UP. 200 pp.
Kumari, M., Solankey, S.S., Akhtar, S., & Neha, P. (2017). Assessment of genetic variability and character association in okra genotypes for yield and contributing characters. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1825–1830. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1446
Melaku, A.B., Mohamed, W., & Kumar, V. (2020). Variability, heritability and genetic advance in indigenous and exotic okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ] genotypes for yield and yield related traits at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. 5(4), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.20 20.05.00189
Mohammed, J., Mohammed, W. & Shiferaw, E. (2022). Performance and genetic variability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) genotypes in Ethiopia for agromorphology and biochemical traits. Advances in agricultur vol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5521151
Muluken, D., Wassu, M. & Endale, G. (2016). Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Ethiopian Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech] Collections for Tender Fruit Yield and Other Agro-morphological Traits. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 4(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2016/19483
Oppong-Sekyere, D., Akromah, R., Nyamah, E.Y., Brenya, E. & Yeboah, S. (2011). Characterization of okra (Abelmoschus spp. L.) germplasm based on morphological characters in Ghana. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 3(13), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS11.069
Panse, V.G. & Sukhatme, P.V. (1961). Statistical methods for agricultural workers, ICAR, New Delhi.
Rahman, M.A., Kabir, M.L., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.A., Rumi, R.H. & Afrose, M. T. (2016). Study of variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Int. J. Agri. Agri. R. 8(5), 66-76.
Rambabu, B. Waskar, D.P. & Khandare, V.S. (2019). Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Okra. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 7(1), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7380
Ranga, A. D., Kumar, S. & Darvhankar, M. S. (2021). Variability among different yield and yield contributing traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.37992/2021.1201.011
Reddy, M.T., Babu, K.H., Ganesh, M., Reddy, K.C., Begum, H., Reddy, B.P. & Narsimulu, G. (2012). Genetic variability analysis for the selection of elite genotypes based on pod yield and quality from the germplasm of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8(2), 639–655.
Reddy, M.T., Babu, K.H., Ganesh, M., Reddy, K.C., Begum, H., Reddy, R. S. K., & Babu, J.D. (2013). Correlation and path coefficient analysis of quantitative characters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 35 (3), 243-250.
Robinson, H.F. (1966). Quantitative genetics in relation to breeding on the centennial of Mendelism. Indian Journal of Genetics. 26: 171– 187.
Saleem, A.M., Amjad, M., Zaif, K. & Sahi, S.T. (2018). Characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes for fruit firmness, other horticultural traits and heritability studies. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 20(2), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0497
Salesh, K.J., Deepak, A. & Ghai, T.R. (2010). Variability studies for yield and its contributing traits in okra. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.1(6),1495-1499.
Saryam, D.K. (2012). Genetic Divergence in Okra [Abelmos chus esculentus (L.) Moench]. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis., Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyala, Jabalpur, MP.
Sibsankar, D., Arup, C., Sankhendu, B.C., Subrata, D., & Pranab, H. (2012). Genetic parameters and path analysis of yield and its components in okra at different sowing dates in the Gangetic plains of eastern India. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(95), 16132–16141. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.545
Singh, P. & Narayanan, S. S. (2017). Biometrical techniques in plant breeding. 6th ed. Kalayani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Sravanthi, U., Prabhakar, B.N., Saidaiah, P., Rao, A.M., Narayana, D.L. & Sathish, G. (2021). Studies on genetic variability in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(11), 151-155.
Sundaram, V., Vinothmani. & Venkadeswaran, E. (2020). Genetic Analysis in F4 Generation of Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] for Growth and Yield. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(10), 2817–2821. https://doi.or g/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.339
Temam, N., Mohamed, W. & Aklilu, S. (2020). Agro morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Yield and Other Variability Components at Melkassa, Central Ethiopia. MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 5(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00179
Tripathi, K.K., Govila, O.P., Ranjini, W. & Ahuja, V. (2011). Biology of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench]. Government of India, Department of biotechnology ministry of science and technology, New Delhi.
Akotkar, K.P., De, D.K. & Pal, A.K. (2010). Genetic Variability and Diversity in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4), 393-398.
Aminu, D., Bello, O.B., Gambo, B.A., Azeez, A.H., Agbolade, O.J., Iliyasu, A. & Abdulhamid, U.A. (2016). Varietal performance and correlation of okra pod yield and yield components. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment, 8, 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2016-001
Anonymous, (2017). Horticultural statistics at a glance. PDES-256 (E) 500-2017-(DSK-111). www.agricoop.nic.in
Burton, G.W. (1952). Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th Int. Grassland Cong., 1, 227-285.
Chetana, Wankhade, M.P. & Deshmukh, J.D. (2021). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(12), 2687-2690.
Hanson, W.D., Robinson, H.F. & Comstock, R.E. (1956). Biometrical studies of yield segregating population Korean lespedeza. Agron. J., 48, 268-272.
Harshwardhan., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., & Prasad, B. (2016). Study of variance, heritability and genetic advance for various yield contributing and quality traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 8 (4), 1811-1814.
International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (IPGRI). (1991).Okra Descriptor, Diversity for Development, International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome, Italy.
Johnson, H.W., Robinson H.F. & Comstock R. E. (1955). Estimate of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron. J., 47, 314-318.
Kumar Y. (2020). Germplasm evaluation for growth, fruit yield and its contributing traits in okra [Abelmoschus
esculentus (L.) Moench.]. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis., Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, UP. 200 pp.
Kumari, M., Solankey, S.S., Akhtar, S., & Neha, P. (2017). Assessment of genetic variability and character association in okra genotypes for yield and contributing characters. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1825–1830. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1446
Melaku, A.B., Mohamed, W., & Kumar, V. (2020). Variability, heritability and genetic advance in indigenous and exotic okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ] genotypes for yield and yield related traits at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. 5(4), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.20 20.05.00189
Mohammed, J., Mohammed, W. & Shiferaw, E. (2022). Performance and genetic variability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) genotypes in Ethiopia for agromorphology and biochemical traits. Advances in agricultur vol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5521151
Muluken, D., Wassu, M. & Endale, G. (2016). Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Ethiopian Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech] Collections for Tender Fruit Yield and Other Agro-morphological Traits. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 4(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2016/19483
Oppong-Sekyere, D., Akromah, R., Nyamah, E.Y., Brenya, E. & Yeboah, S. (2011). Characterization of okra (Abelmoschus spp. L.) germplasm based on morphological characters in Ghana. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 3(13), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS11.069
Panse, V.G. & Sukhatme, P.V. (1961). Statistical methods for agricultural workers, ICAR, New Delhi.
Rahman, M.A., Kabir, M.L., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.A., Rumi, R.H. & Afrose, M. T. (2016). Study of variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Int. J. Agri. Agri. R. 8(5), 66-76.
Rambabu, B. Waskar, D.P. & Khandare, V.S. (2019). Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Okra. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 7(1), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7380
Ranga, A. D., Kumar, S. & Darvhankar, M. S. (2021). Variability among different yield and yield contributing traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.37992/2021.1201.011
Reddy, M.T., Babu, K.H., Ganesh, M., Reddy, K.C., Begum, H., Reddy, B.P. & Narsimulu, G. (2012). Genetic variability analysis for the selection of elite genotypes based on pod yield and quality from the germplasm of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8(2), 639–655.
Reddy, M.T., Babu, K.H., Ganesh, M., Reddy, K.C., Begum, H., Reddy, R. S. K., & Babu, J.D. (2013). Correlation and path coefficient analysis of quantitative characters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 35 (3), 243-250.
Robinson, H.F. (1966). Quantitative genetics in relation to breeding on the centennial of Mendelism. Indian Journal of Genetics. 26: 171– 187.
Saleem, A.M., Amjad, M., Zaif, K. & Sahi, S.T. (2018). Characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes for fruit firmness, other horticultural traits and heritability studies. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 20(2), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0497
Salesh, K.J., Deepak, A. & Ghai, T.R. (2010). Variability studies for yield and its contributing traits in okra. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.1(6),1495-1499.
Saryam, D.K. (2012). Genetic Divergence in Okra [Abelmos chus esculentus (L.) Moench]. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis., Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyala, Jabalpur, MP.
Sibsankar, D., Arup, C., Sankhendu, B.C., Subrata, D., & Pranab, H. (2012). Genetic parameters and path analysis of yield and its components in okra at different sowing dates in the Gangetic plains of eastern India. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(95), 16132–16141. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.545
Singh, P. & Narayanan, S. S. (2017). Biometrical techniques in plant breeding. 6th ed. Kalayani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Sravanthi, U., Prabhakar, B.N., Saidaiah, P., Rao, A.M., Narayana, D.L. & Sathish, G. (2021). Studies on genetic variability in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(11), 151-155.
Sundaram, V., Vinothmani. & Venkadeswaran, E. (2020). Genetic Analysis in F4 Generation of Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] for Growth and Yield. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(10), 2817–2821. https://doi.or g/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.339
Temam, N., Mohamed, W. & Aklilu, S. (2020). Agro morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Yield and Other Variability Components at Melkassa, Central Ethiopia. MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 5(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00179
Tripathi, K.K., Govila, O.P., Ranjini, W. & Ahuja, V. (2011). Biology of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench]. Government of India, Department of biotechnology ministry of science and technology, New Delhi.
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Genotypic, phenotypic variability and evaluation of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes for yield components. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3322
