Analysis of bioactive phytochemicals and evaluation of antioxidant activity of a medicinal plant, Boerhaavia diffusa L.
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Abstract
Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Family: Nyctaginaceae) commonly known as Punarnava is an herbaceous, spreading vine widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions in the world. The plants are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, protein and carbohydrate. The present study was carried out to determine the concentration of some bioactive phytochemicals (ascorbic acid,
carotenoids, total phenolics, protein and carbohydrate) and their antioxidant activity in punarnava. Results showed the values for ascorbic acid (16.75±1.72 and 18.86±1.12 mg/100g of Fresh Weight), carotenoids (1.36±0.10 and 1.98±0.11 ìg/g of Fresh Weight), protein (122.975±6.27 and 134.45±6.23 mg/g of dry weight) and carbohydrate (56.67±5.77 and 60.11±5.23 mg/g of dry weight) for aqueous and methanolic of root extracts of B.diffusa respectively. Methanolic root extracts showed greater antioxidant activity than the aqueous extracts using DPPH method.
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Keywords
Antioxidant property, Boerhaavia diffusa, DPPH, EC50, Flavonoid content
References
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Annapoorani, S., Sheereen, N.H. and Hema, R.(2006). Hepatoprotective effects of protein fractions of selected medicinal plants against CCl4 induced mice. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 16(1): 83-90.
AOAC (1984).Official method of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, 14th ed. Arlington Virginia.pp 292-343.
Bennet, C.A. and Franklin, N.L. (1967). In statistical analysis in chemistry and chemical industry. John-Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. pp.133.
Bhattacharjee, R. and Sil, P.C. (2006). The protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri plays a protective role against acetaminophen induced hepatic disorder via its antioxidant properties. Phytotherapy Research, 20(7): 595-601.
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern, J.(2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
Cho, E., Seddom, J., Ronser, B., Willet, W. and Hankison, S. (2004). Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins and carotenoids and related musclopathy. Archives of Opthalmology, 122: 883-892.
Cioroi, M.(2007). Study on L-ascorbic acid contents from exotic fruits. Cercetari Agronomice Moldova,1(129): 23-27.
Dhakarey, R., Upadhyay, G. and Singh, B.N.(2005). Phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of Rhododendron species. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry,18(1): 40-43.
Foote, C.S., Chang, Y.C. and Denny, R.W.(1970). Chemistry of singlet oxygen X. Carotenoid quenching parallels biological protection. Journal of American Chemistry Society, 92: 5216-5218.
Gopal, T.K., Harish, G., Chamundeeswari, D. and Reddy, U. (2010). In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of roots of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn . Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(4):782-788.
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002). Regional Research Laboratory. Vol. 1, Indian Drug Manufacturers Association, Jammu Tawi, Mumbai, pp. 88.
Izunya, A.M., Nwaopara, A.O. and Aigbiremolen, A. (2010). Morphological and biochemical effects of crude aqueous extract of Mangifera indica (mango) stem bark on the liver in wistar rats. Research Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Technology,2(5): 460-465.
Jensen, A.(1978). Chlorophylls and physiological method: physiological and biochemical method. In: Hellebust JA, Craigie JS, Eds, Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.5-7.
Kaur, M. and Goel, R.K. (2009). Anti-convulsant activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: plausible role of calcium channel antagonism. eCAM:1-7.
Khalid, M., Siddiqui, H.H. and Freed, S.(2012). Pharmacognostical evaluation and qualitative analysis of Boerhaavia Diffusa L. roots. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences,3(1):16-23.
Kumazawa, S., Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, Y., Shimura, M. and Kwon, M. (2002). Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50: 373-377.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J; Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry,193: 265-275.
Pari, L. and Amarnath, S.M.(2004). Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91: 109-113.
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Shisode and Kareppa (2011). In-Vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical studies of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. roots. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 2(12): 3171-3176.
Singh, B.N., Singh, B.R. and Singh, R.L. (2009a). Polyphenolics from various extracts/fractions of red onion (Allium cepa) peel with potent anti-oxidant and antimutagenic activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology,47: 1161-67.
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Singh, P., Singh, U., Shukla, M. and Singh, R.L.(2008a). Antioxidant activity imparting biomolecules in Cassia fistula. Advanced Life Science,2(1 and 2): 23-28.
Singh, P., Vishwakarma, S.P., Singh, U., Shukla, M., Singh, R., Singh, R.K. and Singh R.B.(2012). Quantification and evaluation of antioxidant activity of some bioactive phytochemicals in different nedicinal plants. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 5:179-186.
Singh, R.P., Murthy, K.N. and Jayaprakasha, G.K.(2002). Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extract using in vitro models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50:81-86.
Singh, U., Singh, P., Shukla, M., Kakkar, P. and Singh, R.L. (2008b). Antioxidant activities of vegetables belonging to papilionaceae family. Advanced Life Science, 2(1 and 2): 31-6.
Stephen, S.L., Deborah, C., Min, D., Val, V., Vincet, C. and Xianglin, S. (2002). Antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable juices: more to the story than ascorbic acid. Annal of Clinical and Laoratory Science,32: 193-200.
Thomas, G. and Hyman, J.V.G.(1956). The anthrone method for the determination of carbohydrates in foods and in oral ringing. Journal of Dental Research,35(1): 109-16.
Ujowundu, C.O., Igwe, C.U., Enemor, V.H.A., Nwaogu L.A. and Okafor, O.E. (2008). Nutritive and anti-nutritive properties of Boerhaavia diffusa and Commelina nudiflora Leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1): 90-92.
Vishwakarma, S.P., Singh, P., Singh, U., Shukla, M., Singh, R., Singh, R.K. and Singh, R.L. (2012).Quantification and evaluation of antioxidant activity of some bioactive phytochemicals in different medicinal plants.The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 5: 179-186
Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R.H.(2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51: 609-614.
Zhang, Q., Yu, P., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Xu, Z. and Li, P.(2003). Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Porphyra haitanesis. Journal of Applied Phycology,15(4): 305-310.
Annapoorani, S., Sheereen, N.H. and Hema, R.(2006). Hepatoprotective effects of protein fractions of selected medicinal plants against CCl4 induced mice. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 16(1): 83-90.
AOAC (1984).Official method of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, 14th ed. Arlington Virginia.pp 292-343.
Bennet, C.A. and Franklin, N.L. (1967). In statistical analysis in chemistry and chemical industry. John-Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. pp.133.
Bhattacharjee, R. and Sil, P.C. (2006). The protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri plays a protective role against acetaminophen induced hepatic disorder via its antioxidant properties. Phytotherapy Research, 20(7): 595-601.
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern, J.(2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
Cho, E., Seddom, J., Ronser, B., Willet, W. and Hankison, S. (2004). Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins and carotenoids and related musclopathy. Archives of Opthalmology, 122: 883-892.
Cioroi, M.(2007). Study on L-ascorbic acid contents from exotic fruits. Cercetari Agronomice Moldova,1(129): 23-27.
Dhakarey, R., Upadhyay, G. and Singh, B.N.(2005). Phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of Rhododendron species. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry,18(1): 40-43.
Foote, C.S., Chang, Y.C. and Denny, R.W.(1970). Chemistry of singlet oxygen X. Carotenoid quenching parallels biological protection. Journal of American Chemistry Society, 92: 5216-5218.
Gopal, T.K., Harish, G., Chamundeeswari, D. and Reddy, U. (2010). In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of roots of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn . Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(4):782-788.
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002). Regional Research Laboratory. Vol. 1, Indian Drug Manufacturers Association, Jammu Tawi, Mumbai, pp. 88.
Izunya, A.M., Nwaopara, A.O. and Aigbiremolen, A. (2010). Morphological and biochemical effects of crude aqueous extract of Mangifera indica (mango) stem bark on the liver in wistar rats. Research Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Technology,2(5): 460-465.
Jensen, A.(1978). Chlorophylls and physiological method: physiological and biochemical method. In: Hellebust JA, Craigie JS, Eds, Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.5-7.
Kaur, M. and Goel, R.K. (2009). Anti-convulsant activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: plausible role of calcium channel antagonism. eCAM:1-7.
Khalid, M., Siddiqui, H.H. and Freed, S.(2012). Pharmacognostical evaluation and qualitative analysis of Boerhaavia Diffusa L. roots. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences,3(1):16-23.
Kumazawa, S., Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, Y., Shimura, M. and Kwon, M. (2002). Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50: 373-377.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J; Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry,193: 265-275.
Pari, L. and Amarnath, S.M.(2004). Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91: 109-113.
Parrotta, J.A. (2001). Healing plants of peninsular India. CABI publishing, New York, USA.
Sahu, A.N., Damiki, L., Nilanjan, G. and Dubey, S. (2008). Phytopharmacological review of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (Punarnava). Pharmacognosy Review, 4 (2): 14-22.
Shisode and Kareppa (2011). In-Vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical studies of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. roots. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 2(12): 3171-3176.
Singh, B.N., Singh, B.R. and Singh, R.L. (2009a). Polyphenolics from various extracts/fractions of red onion (Allium cepa) peel with potent anti-oxidant and antimutagenic activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology,47: 1161-67.
Singh, B.N., Singh, B.R., Singh, R.L., Prakash, D., Sarma, B.K. and Singh, H.B. (2009b). Antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activity of green pod of Acacia nilotica L. Food and Chemical Toxicology., 47: 778-86.
Singh, P., Singh, U., Shukla, M. and Singh, R.L.(2008a). Antioxidant activity imparting biomolecules in Cassia fistula. Advanced Life Science,2(1 and 2): 23-28.
Singh, P., Vishwakarma, S.P., Singh, U., Shukla, M., Singh, R., Singh, R.K. and Singh R.B.(2012). Quantification and evaluation of antioxidant activity of some bioactive phytochemicals in different nedicinal plants. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 5:179-186.
Singh, R.P., Murthy, K.N. and Jayaprakasha, G.K.(2002). Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extract using in vitro models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50:81-86.
Singh, U., Singh, P., Shukla, M., Kakkar, P. and Singh, R.L. (2008b). Antioxidant activities of vegetables belonging to papilionaceae family. Advanced Life Science, 2(1 and 2): 31-6.
Stephen, S.L., Deborah, C., Min, D., Val, V., Vincet, C. and Xianglin, S. (2002). Antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable juices: more to the story than ascorbic acid. Annal of Clinical and Laoratory Science,32: 193-200.
Thomas, G. and Hyman, J.V.G.(1956). The anthrone method for the determination of carbohydrates in foods and in oral ringing. Journal of Dental Research,35(1): 109-16.
Ujowundu, C.O., Igwe, C.U., Enemor, V.H.A., Nwaogu L.A. and Okafor, O.E. (2008). Nutritive and anti-nutritive properties of Boerhaavia diffusa and Commelina nudiflora Leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1): 90-92.
Vishwakarma, S.P., Singh, P., Singh, U., Shukla, M., Singh, R., Singh, R.K. and Singh, R.L. (2012).Quantification and evaluation of antioxidant activity of some bioactive phytochemicals in different medicinal plants.The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 5: 179-186
Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R.H.(2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51: 609-614.
Zhang, Q., Yu, P., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Xu, Z. and Li, P.(2003). Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Porphyra haitanesis. Journal of Applied Phycology,15(4): 305-310.
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Analysis of bioactive phytochemicals and evaluation of antioxidant activity of a medicinal plant, Boerhaavia diffusa L. (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(2), 357-360. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i2.332
