Abamectin exposure during lactation triggering oxidative stress and expression pattern of Bcl-2 perturbation in rat pups brain
Article Main
Abstract
Pesticides, for example, are thought to be essential drivers of brain injury and dysfunction. Abamectin (ABA) is by far the most routinely used pesticide in farming and healthcare, and its toxicity to nontarget organisms has attracted considerable interest. The effect of abamectin pesticide delivered at the postnatal period on the antioxidant defense system was assessed. This study also examined apoptotic gene expression indicators in the brains of rat pups over neonatal weeks. Pregnant Wister rats were split into two groups: G1 received deionized water (control), and G2 received 0.211 mg/L of abamectin. The first day of abamectin exposure was the first day after delivery and continued until the tenth day of lactation. After 10 days (mid lactation) and the lactation period, rat pup brain samples were taken for oxidative biochemistry investigations and apoptotic gene expression (RT–qPCR). In comparison to the control group G1, Abamectin reinforces protein carbonyl levels and glutathione-based enzymes (transferase and peroxidase), whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels are reduced in the pup's brain. Furthermore, Abamectin induced considerable upregulation of proapoptotic (Bax) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) mRNA gene expression. Overall, our findings characterize the relationship between brain changes and abamectin administration during lactation periods, even at low doses that are considered safe, and indicate that this abamectin insecticide is harmful to the growing neurological system.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Abamectin, Apoptosis, Brain, Lactation, Oxidative stress
References
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Kinouchi, S. (2003). Changes in apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax) in the urethras of old female rats following estrogen replacement. Yonago Acta Medica, 46(4): 109-115.
Liang, Y. Dong, B. Pang N. & Hu J. (2020): Abamectin induces cytotoxicity via the ROS, JNK, and ATM/ATR pathways. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12): 13726-13734. https://doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06869-2
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Mortuza T.B., Edwards G.L., White C.A., Patel V., Cummings B.S. & Bruckner J.V. (2019).: Age dependency of blood–brain barrier penetration by cis-and trans-permethrin in the rat. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 47(3): 234-237. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.118.084822
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Reznick, A.Z. & Packer, L. (1994) [38] Oxidative damage to proteins: spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay. Methods in Enzymology, 233: 357-363. https://doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(94)33041-7
Seneff, S., N. Swanson, & Li C. (2015). Aluminum and Glyphosate Can Synergisti-cally Induce Pineal Gland Pathology: Con-nection to Gut Dysbiosis and Neurological Disease. Agricultural Sciences, 6(01), 42. https://doi: 10.4236/as.2015.61005
Sokolova I.M., Frederich M., Bagwe R., Lannig G. & Sukhotin A.A. (2012): Energy homeostasis as an integrative tool for assessing limits of environmental stress tolerance in aquatic invertebrates. Marine environmental research, 79: 1-15. https://doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.04.003
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Votyakova, T.V. & Reynolds, I.J. (2005). Ca2+ induced permeabilization promotes free radical release from rat brain mitochondria with partially inhibited complex I. Journal of Neurochemistry, 93(3): 526-537. https://doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03042.x
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Zhu, S., Zhou J., Zhou Z. & Zhu Q. (2019): Abamectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling in MGC803 cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 33(7), e22336. https:// doi:10.1002/jbt.22336
Zhu, S., Zhou J., Sun X., Zhou Z. & Zhu Q. (2020): ROS accumulation contributes to abamectin‐induced apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM3 Leydig cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 34(8): e22505. https://doi: 10.1002/jbt.22505
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Banni, M.; Messaoudi, I.; Said, L.; El Heni, J.; Kerkeni, A. & Said, K. (2010): Metallothionein gene expression in the livers of rats exposed to cadmium and supplemented with zinc and selenium. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 59(3): 513-519. https://doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9494-5
Barkur, R.R. & Bairy, L.K. (2016). Histological study on hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum following low lead exposure during prenatal and postnatal brain development in rats. Toxicology and industrial health, 32(6): 1052-1063. doi:10.1177/0748233714545624
Bizzozero, O. A.; DeJesus, G.; Callahan, K. & Paruszyn, A. (2005): Elevated protein carbonylation in the brain white matter and gray matter of patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroscience research, 81(5): 687-695. https://doi:10.1002/jnr.20587
Bradford, M. M. A (1976). Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Chen Q., Vazquez E.J., Moghaddas S., Hoppel C.L. & Lesnefsky E.J. (2003): Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: central role of complex III. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(38): 36027-36031. https://doi:10.1074/jbc.M304854200
Council, N. R.,: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, National Academies Press. Washington, DC. [Google Scholar, (2011)
Czabotar P, Lessene G, Strasser A & Adams J (2014): Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 15(1): 49-63. https://doi:10.1038/nrm3722
Daghestania , M. H., Selimb , M. E., Abd-Elhakimc, Y. M., Saidd , E. N., Abd El-Hameede , N. E. Khalilc , S. R. and El-Tawilf . O.S. (2017): The role of apitoxin in alleviating propionic acid-induced neurobehavioral impairments in rat pups: the expression pattern of Reelin gene. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 93: 48-56. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.034
Danaher, M. Radeck, W. Kolar, L. Keegan, J. Cerkvenik‐Flajs, V & Curr Pharm Biotechnol (2012): Recent developments in the analysis of avermectin and milbemycin residues in food safety and the environment. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(6), 936-951. https://doi: 10.2174/138920112800399068
Ellman, G.L. (1959), Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 82(1): 70-77. https://doi:10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6
Franco R., Li S., Rodriguez-Rocha H., Burns M. & Panayiotidis M.I. (2010): Molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 188(2), 289-300. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.003
Gonza´lez-Garcı´a M., Thompson C.B. & Ding L., (1994): Surface analysis of titanium electrodes. Applied Surface Science, 78(4), 457-466. https://doi:10.1016/0169-4332 (94)90069-8
Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. & Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22): 7130-7139.
Heyer, D.B. & Meredith, R.M. (2017). Environmental toxicology: Sensitive periods of development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotoxicology, 58: 23-41. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.017
Honga, Y. Huanga, Y. Yangb , X., Zhanga , J., Lia , L. Huanga , Q. & Huang Z. (2020): Abamectin at environmentally realistic concentrations causes oxidative stress and genotoxic damage in juvenile fish (Schizothorax prenanti). Aquatic Toxicology, 225: 105528. https://doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105528
Iqubal, A. Ahmed M., Ahmad S., Sahoo, C. R. Iqubal M. K. & Haque S. E. (2020): Environmental neurotoxic pollutants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-24. https:// doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10539-z
Jurewicz, J. & Hanke, W. (2008). Prenatal and childhood exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral development: review of epidemiological studies. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 21(2), 121-132. https:///doi: 10.2478/v10001-008-0014-z
Kinouchi, S. (2003). Changes in apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax) in the urethras of old female rats following estrogen replacement. Yonago Acta Medica, 46(4): 109-115.
Liang, Y. Dong, B. Pang N. & Hu J. (2020): Abamectin induces cytotoxicity via the ROS, JNK, and ATM/ATR pathways. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12): 13726-13734. https://doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06869-2
Liou C.M., Tsai S.C., Kuo C.H., Ting H. & Lee S.D. (2014): Cardiac Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis after chronic cocaine abuse. International journal of molecular sciences, 15(4): 5988-6001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045988
Lushchak, V.I., (2011). Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquatic toxicology, 101(1): 13-30. https:// doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10.006
Marklund, S. & Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European journal of biochemistry, 47(3): 469-474. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
Mattson, M.P., (2006). Neuronal life-and-death signaling, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative disorders Antioxidants & redox signaling, 8(11-12), 1997-2006. https://doi:10.10 89/ars.2006.8.1997
McCavera, S., T. Walsh & Wolstenholme, A. (2007). Nematode ligand-gated chloride channels: an appraisal of their involvement in macrocyclic lactone resistance and prospects for developing molecular markers. Parasitology, 134(8): 1111-1121. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0031182007000042
McCubrey., J.A. Steelman, L. S. Chappell, W. H. Abrams, S. L. Wong, E. W.T. Chang, Lehmann, F. Terrian, B. Milella, D. M., Tafuri, A., Stivala, F. Libra,M., Basecke, J., Evangelisti, C., Martelli, A. M. & Franklin R. A.(2007): Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1773(8): 1263-1284. https://doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.10.001
Mortuza T.B., Edwards G.L., White C.A., Patel V., Cummings B.S. & Bruckner J.V. (2019).: Age dependency of blood–brain barrier penetration by cis-and trans-permethrin in the rat. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 47(3): 234-237. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.118.084822
Muñoz-Pinedo, C. (2012). Signalling pathways that regulate life and cell death: evolution of apoptosis in the context of self-defence. Self and Nonself, 124-143. https:// doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1680-7_8
Nahas, A. A., Ziada, R., M. Gamila, Kotb, A. M. & Ahmed Farag A. Gh. (2019): Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Biomarkers in Neonate Rats’ Brain Exposed to Diquat during Lactation. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 77(6). https:// doi: 10.21608/EJHM.2019.67316
N’Go P.K., Azzaoui F.Z., Ahami A.O.T., Soro P.R., Najimi M. & Chigr F. (2013): Developmental effects of malathion exposure on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in Wistar rats. Health, 5(3), 603-611. https:// doi:10.4236/health.2013.53A080
Necheles, T. F.; N. Maldonado; A. Barquet C. & Allen D. M. (1969): Brief report: Hemozygous erythrocyte glutathione-peroxidase deficiency: clinical and biochemical studies. Blood, 1969. 33(2): 164-169. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V33.2.164.164
Olney, J.W Tenkova, T. Dikranian, K.Qin, Y.-Q.Labruyere, J. & Ikonomidou C. (2002): Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing C57BL/6 mouse brain. Developmental Brain Research, 133(2), 115-126. https://doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00279-1
Omura, S. (2008). Ivermectin: 25 years and still going strong. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 31(2), 91-98. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.023
O’Rahilly, R. & Müller, F., (2008). Significant features in the early prenatal development of the human brain. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 190(2): 105-118. https://doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2008.01.001
Radi, A. M. Mohammed, E T. Abushouk, A.I. Aleya L & Abdel-Daim M. M. (2019): The effects of abamectin on oxidative stress and gene expression in rat liver and brain tissues: modulation by sesame oil and ascorbic acid. Science of The Total Environment, 701: 134882. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134882
Reznick, A.Z. & Packer, L. (1994) [38] Oxidative damage to proteins: spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay. Methods in Enzymology, 233: 357-363. https://doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(94)33041-7
Seneff, S., N. Swanson, & Li C. (2015). Aluminum and Glyphosate Can Synergisti-cally Induce Pineal Gland Pathology: Con-nection to Gut Dysbiosis and Neurological Disease. Agricultural Sciences, 6(01), 42. https://doi: 10.4236/as.2015.61005
Sokolova I.M., Frederich M., Bagwe R., Lannig G. & Sukhotin A.A. (2012): Energy homeostasis as an integrative tool for assessing limits of environmental stress tolerance in aquatic invertebrates. Marine environmental research, 79: 1-15. https://doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.04.003
Sultana, R. & Butterfield, D.A. (2010). Role of oxidative stress in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 19(1): 341-353. https://doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1222
Votyakova, T.V. & Reynolds, I.J. (2005). Ca2+ induced permeabilization promotes free radical release from rat brain mitochondria with partially inhibited complex I. Journal of Neurochemistry, 93(3): 526-537. https://doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03042.x
Wada, T. and Penninger, J.M. (2004). Mitogen-activated protein kinases in apoptosis regulation. Oncogene, 23(16): 2838-2849. https://doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207556
Yang, C.-C. (2012). Acute human toxicity of macrocyclic lactones. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(6), 999-1003. https://doi:10.2174/138920112800399059
Youle, R.J. & Strasser, A.(2008). The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death. Nature reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 9(1): 47-59. https://doi: 10.1038/nrm2308
Yuan, J.S.; Reed, A.; Chen, F. & Stewart, C.N. (2006): Statistical analysis of real-time PCR data. BMC Bioinformatics, 7(1): 1-12.
Zhang, Y., Luo, M., Xu, W., Yang, M., Wang, B., Gao, J., Li, Y. & Tao, L., (2016): Avermectin confers its cytotoxic effects by inducing DNA damage and mitochondria-associated apoptosis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(36): 6895-6902. https://doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02812
Zhang, Y., Wu, J., Xu, W., Gao, J., Cao, H., Yang, M., Wang, B., Hao, Y. and Tao, L. (2017): Cytotoxic effects of avermectin on human HepG2 cells in vitro bioassays. Environmental Pollution, 220: 1127-1137. https://doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.022
Zheng, J. & Bizzozero, O.A. (2010). Accumulation of protein carbonyls within cerebellar astrocytes in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 88(15): 3376-3385. https:// doi:10.1002/jnr.22488
Zhu, S., Zhou J., Zhou Z. & Zhu Q. (2019): Abamectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling in MGC803 cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 33(7), e22336. https:// doi:10.1002/jbt.22336
Zhu, S., Zhou J., Sun X., Zhou Z. & Zhu Q. (2020): ROS accumulation contributes to abamectin‐induced apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM3 Leydig cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 34(8): e22505. https://doi: 10.1002/jbt.22505
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How to Cite
Abamectin exposure during lactation triggering oxidative stress and expression pattern of Bcl-2 perturbation in rat pups brain. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3227
