In vitro study on the nematicidal activity of entomopathogenic bacteria against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
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Abstract
National loss of Rs. 21,068.73 million has been estimated due to plant-parasitic nematodes in India. Among plant-parasitic nematodes, one of the major nematodes, root-knot nematodes (RKNs), are well-known diseases causing major losses in vegetable crops. An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal activities of the cell-free culture filtrate (CFCF) of entomopathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus spp. and Xenorhabdus spp. isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica (DH3) and Steinernema abbasi (CS-39), respectively. The applied doses were 90, 50, 25 and 10% CFCFs. The experiment was performed on the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and the % mortalities were determined at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr intervals. The results of the present study revealed that 100% mortality was achieved after 48 hrs with a 10% filtrate of H. indica isolate DH3, while no significant result was achieved even after 48 hrs and at 90% CFCF of isolate CS39. Therefore, 10% CFCFs may be recommended for application in root-knot nematode-infected fields for the control.
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Keywords
Cell-free culture filtrate (CFCF), Meloidogyne incognita, Photorhabdus spp., Root-knot nematode, Xenorhabdus spp.
References
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Eroglu, C., Cimenb, H., Ulug, D., Karagoz, M., Hazir, S. & Cakmaka, I. (2019). Acaricidal effect of cell-free supernatants from Xenorhabdus & Photorhabdus bacteria against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). J. Inver. Pathol., 106, 61–66. [CrossRef].
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Ffrench-Constant, R., Waterfield, N. & Daborn, P. (2019). Insecticidal toxins from Photorhabdus & Xenorhabdus. In Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 4th ed.; Schmid, T.M., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, pp. 704–715. [CrossRef].
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Helms, A. M., Ray, S., Matulis, N. L., Kuzemchak, M. C., Grisales, W., Tooker, J. F., et al. (2019). Chemical cues linked to risk: Cues from below-ground natural enemies enhance plant defences & influence herbivore behaviour & performance. Funct. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13297
Hinchliffe, S.J., Hares, M., Dowling, A. & ffrench-Constant, R. (2010). Insecticidal toxins from the Photorhabdus & Xenorhabdus bacteria. Open Toxinol J 3, 83–100
Hu, K., Li, J. & Webster, J. M. (1999). Nematicidal metabolites produced by Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae), bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes. Nematology, 1:457–69.
Hussa, E. A., Casanova-Torres, Á.M. & Goodrich-Blair, H. (2015). The global transcription factor Lrp controls virulence modulation in Xenorhabdus nematophila. J. Bacteriol. 197, 3015–3025. doi: 10.1128/JB.00272-15
Jones, M. G. K., & Payne, H. L. (1978). Early stage of nematode-induced giant-cell formation in roots of Impatiens balsamina. J. Nematol. 10, 70–84.
Kajla, M.K., Barrett-Wilt, G.A., Paskewitz, S. (2019). Bacteria: a novel source for potent mosquito feeding-deterrents. Sci Adv 5(1):eaau6141.
Kajol, Bhat, A. H., Aasha & Chaubey, A. K. (2020). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 38(1): 15-24 ISSN 0255-7576 ISSN 2313-1942, http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v38.i01.p15-24.
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Khan, M. T. A., Mukhtar, T. & Saeed, M. (2019). Resistance or susceptibility of eight aubergine cultivars to Meloidogyne javanica. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51, 2187-2192.
Khanal, C., Robbins, R. T., Faske, T. R., Szalanski, A. L., McGawley, E. C., & Overstreet, C. (2016). Identification & haplotype designation of Meloidogyne spp. of Arkansas using molecular diagnostics. https://journals.flvc.org/nematropica/article/view/90804
Kofoid, C. A., & White, W. A. (1919). A nematode infection of man. Journal of American Medicine Association. 72, 567–569.
Kofoid, C. A., & White, W. A. (1919). A nematode infection of man. Journal of American Medicine Association, 72, 567–569.
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In vitro study on the nematicidal activity of entomopathogenic bacteria against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3181
