Effect of bio-seed priming and nano zinc oxide foliar application on quality and productivity of finger millet + greengram intercropping system
Article Main
Abstract
A critical stage of the plant's life cycle is germination and insufficient seedling emergence contributes to the lower productivity of finger millet. Priming improves seedling emergence, reduces stand establishment time, and improves seedling germination. There is a need to develop a new technology like Nanotechnology that can precisely detect and deliver the right amount of nutrients or other inputs to safe crops for the environment and maximising productivity. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season to evaluate the response of effective farming practice for sole finger millet + greengram intercropping system under rainfed conditions to varied levels of bio-seed priming and foliar application of nanoparticles on crop growth and productivity. The results of the experiment revealed that finger millet (Eleusine coracana) intercropped with greengram (Vigna radiata) (2:1) had a significant level (<0.05) increase in growth and yield parameter of finger millet compared to sole finger millet. Application of Prosopis juliflora leaf extract 1 per cent alone + Foliar ZnO nanoparticle @ 500 ppm showed a significant level (<0.05) increase in growth and yield parameter like grain yield (3238.84 kg ha-1), finger millet equivalent yield (FMEY) (3483.84 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7393.83 kg ha-1) compared to Pogamia pinnata leaf extract 1% alone + Foliar ZnO nanoparticle @ 500 ppm. The present study mainly focussed on cropping system, bio seed priming, and foliar application of nano zinc oxide utilized during rainfed conditions to increase uniform germination, drought resistance and improve crop yield along with nutrient content in seeds.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Finger millet, Intercropping, Nanoparticles, Productivity, Seed priming
References
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Boonyanitipong, P., P. Kumar, B. Kositsup, S. Baruah & J. Dutta. (2011). Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on roots of rice Oryza sativa L. International Conference on Environment and BioScience, 172-176.
Chandrasekhar, C., & U. Bangarusamy. (2003). Maximizing the yield of mung bean by foliar application of growth regulating chemicals and nutrients. Madras Agricultural Journal 90 (1/3),142-145.
C. P. G., T. (2012). Crop Production Guide. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Dass, A., & S. Sudhishri. (2010). Intercropping in fingermillet (Eleusine coracana) with pulses for enhanced productivity, resource conservation and soil fertility in uplands of Southern Orissa. Indian Journal of Agronomy 55 (2),89-94.
Dass, A., S, Sudhishri, & N. Lenka. (2013). Integrated nutrient management to improve finger millet productivity and soil conditions in hilly region of Eastern India. Journal of crop improvement 27 (5),528-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2013.800828.
Divya, G., K. Krishnamurthy & D. Gowda. (2013). Growth and instability analysis of finger millet crop in Karnataka. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences 47 (1),35-39.
Fawusi, M., S. Wanki & D. Nangju (1982). Plant density effects on growth, yield, leaf area index and light transmission on intercropped maize and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Science 99 (1),19-23.
Genc, Y., G. K. McDonald, & R. D. Graham (2006). Contribution of different mechanisms to zinc efficiency in bread wheat during early vegetative stage. Plant and soil 281 (1),353-367.
Gnanasangeetha, D. & D. SaralaThambavani (2013). One pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via chemical and green method. Research Journal of Mater Science 2320,6055.
Gunasekar, J., A. Kamaraj & S. Padmavathi (2017). Effect of botanical seed priming on seed quality charactersinblackgram [vignamungo (l.) Hepper] cv. CO6. Plant Archives 17 (2),1383-1387.
Jayarambabu, N., B. S. Kumari, K. V. Rao & Y. Prabhu (2014). Germination and growth characteristics of mungbean seeds (Vigna radiata L.) affected by synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 4 (5),2347-5161.
Kaushik, S. & T. Sharma (2017). Wheat and component intercrop yield, land equivalent ratio and monetary indices influenced by intercropping and row proportions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6 (7), 2626-2631. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcm as.2017.607.370.
Koti, R., U. Mummigatti, C. Nawalgatti, F. Savita, M. Guled & A Anand. (2009). "Complimentary effect of zinc application on iron content in sorghum genotypes. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 14 (1),78-81.
Kumar, B. P., S. Halikatti, S. Hiremath & B. Chittapur (2008). Effect of intercropping system and row proportions on the growth and yield of little millet and Pigeonpea. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21 (4), 479-481.
Manjunath, M., S. Salakinkop & G. Somanagouda (2018). Productivity and profitability of soybean-based millets intercropping systems. Research on Crops, 19 (1),43-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2018.00 006.2
Manonmani, V. & P. Srimathi (2009). Influence of mother crop nutrition on seed yield and quality of blackgram. Madras Agricultural Journal, 96, (1/6),125-128.
Mazaherinia, S, A. R. Astaraei, A. Fotovat & A Monshi. (2010). Nano iron oxide particles efficiency on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in wheat plant. World Applied Sciences Journal 7.
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Govt. of India (2017). Selected State-wise area, production and productivity of finger millet, Govt. of India. In: https://www.indiastat.com.
Mishra, S. N., A. Chaurasia, V. Tripathi & B, Kumar (2017). Effects of seed priming methods on growth and Nodulation characters in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6 (4),620-623.
Mobasser, H. R., M. R. Vazirimehr & K Rigi (2014). Effect of intercropping on resources use, weed management and forage quality. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 4 (2),706-713.
Ozkutlu, F., B. Torun & I. Cakmak (2006). Effect of zinc humate on growth of soybean and wheat in zinc‐deficient calcareous soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37 (15-20),2769-2778.
Pandey, A. C., S. S. Sanjay, & R. S. Yadav (2010). Application of ZnO nanoparticles in influencing the growth rate of Cicer arietinum. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 5 (6),488-497.
Pawar, V, & S Laware. (2018). Seed priming a critical review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 5, 94-101. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.94101.
Poornima, R, & R Koti. (2019). Effect of nano zinc oxide on growth, yield and grain zinc content of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8 (4),727-731.
Prasad, T., P. Sudhakar, Y. Sreenivasulu, P. Latha, V. Munaswamy, K. R. Reddy, T. Sreeprasad, P. Sajanlal & T. Pradeep. (2012). Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of plant nutrition 35 (6),905-927.
Reddy, D. R., P. S. Pillai, J. John, A. Sajeena & J. Aswathy (2021). Growth and yield of pulses as influenced by intercropping with finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) in the Southern Laterites of Kerala. Legume Research-An International Journal, 1,5.
Rehman, A., M. Yasin, M. Akram & Z. Awan (2002). Response of Zn applied and N sources in calcareous soils. Science Vision 8,100-104.
Reynolds, G. H. (2002). Forward to the Future: Nanotechnology and regulatory policy: Pacific Research Institute. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology. http://surl.li/axwsk.
Sadashiv, B., NaN, B. (2004). Production potential of hybrid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) based vegetable intercropping systems under irrigation. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis., University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.
Sakamma, S., K. Umesh, M. Girish, S. Ravi, M. Satishkumar & V. Bellundagi. (2018). "Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) production system: status, potential, constraints and implications for improving small farmer’s welfare. Journal of Agricultural Science (1),162-179. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n1p162.
Saraswathi, YVS, M. Dinesh Kumar & K.T. Gurumurthy. (2019). Effect of Nano ZnO on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Garten.]. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8,1365-1371. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.160. https://doi.or g/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.160.
Sedghi, M., M. Hadi & S. G. Toluie (2013). Effect of nano zinc oxide on the germination parameters of soybean seeds under drought stress. Annales of West University of Timisoara. Series of Biology, 16 (2),73.
Singh, H, R. K. Jassal, J. Kang, S. Sandhu, H. Kang & K. Grewal. (2015). Seed priming techniques in field crops- A review. Agricultural Reviews, 36 (4), 251-264. http://10.0.7 3.117/ag.v36i4.6662.
Slaton, N. A., C. E. Wilson, S. Ntamatungiro, R. J. Norman & D. L. Boothe (2001). Evaluation of zinc seed treatments for rice. Agronomy Journal ,93 (1),152-157. DOI:10.2134/AGRONJ2001.931152X
Stein, A. J., J.. Meenakshi, M. Qaim, P. Nestel, H. Sachdev & Z. A. Bhutta (2008). "Potential impacts of iron biofortification in India." Social Science & Medicine 66 (8),1797-1808.
Subramanian, K., & J. Tarafdar. (2011). Prospects of nanotechnology in Indian farming. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 81 (10), 887-893.
Thobatsi, J. T. (2009). Growth and yield responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in an intercropping system. MSc., (Agric), University of Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28657.
Tomar, G., S. Taunk & J. Choudhary. (2011). Book on Science of Crop Production: Part I. Kharif Crops: Kushal Publications and Distributors.
Tripathi, A., & H. Kushwaha (2013). Performance of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) intercoppped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under varying fertility levels in the rainfed environment of Bundelkhand region. Annals of Agricultural Research, 34 (1).
Yang, Z., J. Chen, R. Dou, X. Gao, C. Mao & L. Wang (2015). Assessment of the phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles on two crop plants, maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12),15100-15109.
Anand R., K. R., Kamatar, M. Y., Mummigatti, U. V. & Basavaraj, B. (2008). Evaluation of rabi sorghum genotypes for seed zinc content and yield in high regimes. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21 (04), 568-569.
Boonyanitipong, P., P. Kumar, B. Kositsup, S. Baruah & J. Dutta. (2011). Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on roots of rice Oryza sativa L. International Conference on Environment and BioScience, 172-176.
Chandrasekhar, C., & U. Bangarusamy. (2003). Maximizing the yield of mung bean by foliar application of growth regulating chemicals and nutrients. Madras Agricultural Journal 90 (1/3),142-145.
C. P. G., T. (2012). Crop Production Guide. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Dass, A., & S. Sudhishri. (2010). Intercropping in fingermillet (Eleusine coracana) with pulses for enhanced productivity, resource conservation and soil fertility in uplands of Southern Orissa. Indian Journal of Agronomy 55 (2),89-94.
Dass, A., S, Sudhishri, & N. Lenka. (2013). Integrated nutrient management to improve finger millet productivity and soil conditions in hilly region of Eastern India. Journal of crop improvement 27 (5),528-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2013.800828.
Divya, G., K. Krishnamurthy & D. Gowda. (2013). Growth and instability analysis of finger millet crop in Karnataka. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences 47 (1),35-39.
Fawusi, M., S. Wanki & D. Nangju (1982). Plant density effects on growth, yield, leaf area index and light transmission on intercropped maize and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Science 99 (1),19-23.
Genc, Y., G. K. McDonald, & R. D. Graham (2006). Contribution of different mechanisms to zinc efficiency in bread wheat during early vegetative stage. Plant and soil 281 (1),353-367.
Gnanasangeetha, D. & D. SaralaThambavani (2013). One pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via chemical and green method. Research Journal of Mater Science 2320,6055.
Gunasekar, J., A. Kamaraj & S. Padmavathi (2017). Effect of botanical seed priming on seed quality charactersinblackgram [vignamungo (l.) Hepper] cv. CO6. Plant Archives 17 (2),1383-1387.
Jayarambabu, N., B. S. Kumari, K. V. Rao & Y. Prabhu (2014). Germination and growth characteristics of mungbean seeds (Vigna radiata L.) affected by synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 4 (5),2347-5161.
Kaushik, S. & T. Sharma (2017). Wheat and component intercrop yield, land equivalent ratio and monetary indices influenced by intercropping and row proportions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6 (7), 2626-2631. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcm as.2017.607.370.
Koti, R., U. Mummigatti, C. Nawalgatti, F. Savita, M. Guled & A Anand. (2009). "Complimentary effect of zinc application on iron content in sorghum genotypes. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 14 (1),78-81.
Kumar, B. P., S. Halikatti, S. Hiremath & B. Chittapur (2008). Effect of intercropping system and row proportions on the growth and yield of little millet and Pigeonpea. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21 (4), 479-481.
Manjunath, M., S. Salakinkop & G. Somanagouda (2018). Productivity and profitability of soybean-based millets intercropping systems. Research on Crops, 19 (1),43-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2018.00 006.2
Manonmani, V. & P. Srimathi (2009). Influence of mother crop nutrition on seed yield and quality of blackgram. Madras Agricultural Journal, 96, (1/6),125-128.
Mazaherinia, S, A. R. Astaraei, A. Fotovat & A Monshi. (2010). Nano iron oxide particles efficiency on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in wheat plant. World Applied Sciences Journal 7.
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Govt. of India (2017). Selected State-wise area, production and productivity of finger millet, Govt. of India. In: https://www.indiastat.com.
Mishra, S. N., A. Chaurasia, V. Tripathi & B, Kumar (2017). Effects of seed priming methods on growth and Nodulation characters in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6 (4),620-623.
Mobasser, H. R., M. R. Vazirimehr & K Rigi (2014). Effect of intercropping on resources use, weed management and forage quality. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 4 (2),706-713.
Ozkutlu, F., B. Torun & I. Cakmak (2006). Effect of zinc humate on growth of soybean and wheat in zinc‐deficient calcareous soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37 (15-20),2769-2778.
Pandey, A. C., S. S. Sanjay, & R. S. Yadav (2010). Application of ZnO nanoparticles in influencing the growth rate of Cicer arietinum. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 5 (6),488-497.
Pawar, V, & S Laware. (2018). Seed priming a critical review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 5, 94-101. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.94101.
Poornima, R, & R Koti. (2019). Effect of nano zinc oxide on growth, yield and grain zinc content of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8 (4),727-731.
Prasad, T., P. Sudhakar, Y. Sreenivasulu, P. Latha, V. Munaswamy, K. R. Reddy, T. Sreeprasad, P. Sajanlal & T. Pradeep. (2012). Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of plant nutrition 35 (6),905-927.
Reddy, D. R., P. S. Pillai, J. John, A. Sajeena & J. Aswathy (2021). Growth and yield of pulses as influenced by intercropping with finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) in the Southern Laterites of Kerala. Legume Research-An International Journal, 1,5.
Rehman, A., M. Yasin, M. Akram & Z. Awan (2002). Response of Zn applied and N sources in calcareous soils. Science Vision 8,100-104.
Reynolds, G. H. (2002). Forward to the Future: Nanotechnology and regulatory policy: Pacific Research Institute. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology. http://surl.li/axwsk.
Sadashiv, B., NaN, B. (2004). Production potential of hybrid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) based vegetable intercropping systems under irrigation. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis., University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.
Sakamma, S., K. Umesh, M. Girish, S. Ravi, M. Satishkumar & V. Bellundagi. (2018). "Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) production system: status, potential, constraints and implications for improving small farmer’s welfare. Journal of Agricultural Science (1),162-179. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n1p162.
Saraswathi, YVS, M. Dinesh Kumar & K.T. Gurumurthy. (2019). Effect of Nano ZnO on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Garten.]. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8,1365-1371. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.160. https://doi.or g/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.160.
Sedghi, M., M. Hadi & S. G. Toluie (2013). Effect of nano zinc oxide on the germination parameters of soybean seeds under drought stress. Annales of West University of Timisoara. Series of Biology, 16 (2),73.
Singh, H, R. K. Jassal, J. Kang, S. Sandhu, H. Kang & K. Grewal. (2015). Seed priming techniques in field crops- A review. Agricultural Reviews, 36 (4), 251-264. http://10.0.7 3.117/ag.v36i4.6662.
Slaton, N. A., C. E. Wilson, S. Ntamatungiro, R. J. Norman & D. L. Boothe (2001). Evaluation of zinc seed treatments for rice. Agronomy Journal ,93 (1),152-157. DOI:10.2134/AGRONJ2001.931152X
Stein, A. J., J.. Meenakshi, M. Qaim, P. Nestel, H. Sachdev & Z. A. Bhutta (2008). "Potential impacts of iron biofortification in India." Social Science & Medicine 66 (8),1797-1808.
Subramanian, K., & J. Tarafdar. (2011). Prospects of nanotechnology in Indian farming. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 81 (10), 887-893.
Thobatsi, J. T. (2009). Growth and yield responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in an intercropping system. MSc., (Agric), University of Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28657.
Tomar, G., S. Taunk & J. Choudhary. (2011). Book on Science of Crop Production: Part I. Kharif Crops: Kushal Publications and Distributors.
Tripathi, A., & H. Kushwaha (2013). Performance of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) intercoppped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under varying fertility levels in the rainfed environment of Bundelkhand region. Annals of Agricultural Research, 34 (1).
Yang, Z., J. Chen, R. Dou, X. Gao, C. Mao & L. Wang (2015). Assessment of the phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles on two crop plants, maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12),15100-15109.
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Effect of bio-seed priming and nano zinc oxide foliar application on quality and productivity of finger millet + greengram intercropping system. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1552-1562. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3148
