Impact of photoperiod on circadian sucrose and sucrase rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori.
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Abstract
The impact of photoperiod on circadian sucrose and sucrase rhythms were analyzed in the digestive system of Bombyx mori under 12 hr light-dark cycle (LD), continuous light (LL) and continuous dark (DD). The rhythmic changes were interpreted as synthetic cycles in gut wall and release or uptake cycles in gut lumen. The gut wall comprised 6 sucrose synthetic cycles (SS cycles) under LD, LL and 5 under DD. The 24 hr rhythm of LD and LL was clock shifted to 28.8 hr under DD. In gut content, the sucrose rhythm showed 7 sucrose uptake cycles (SU
cycles) under LD, 6 under LL and 5 under DD and the 24 hr rhythm of LD was clock shifted to 28.0 hr under LL and 34 hr under DD. In the gut wall sucrase rhythm maintained 7 SES cycles under LD and DD and 9 cycles under LL and its 24-hr rhythm is advanced to 18.2 hr. In the gut lumen 5 SER cycles under LD, 8 under LL and 6 under DD and its rhythm is advanced to 15 hr under LL and 20 hr under DD. Further analysis of data showed that LD favoured both synthesis and uptake of sucrose while LL, favoured the sucrase synthesis and its release.
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Keywords
Bombyx mori, Circadian sucrose rhythm, Circadian sucrase rhythm, Gut, Photoperiod
References
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Bhuvaneswari, E. and Sivaprasad, S. (2012b). Impact of photoperiod on circadian carbohydrate and amylase rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan, 7: 579-588.
Fonagy, A. (2009). Insect timing (rhythms) from the point of view of neuroendocrine effector mechanism. Acta. Phytopathologica et. Entomologica Hungarica, 44: 61-73.
Hall, J. D. (2003). Genetics and Molecular Biology of Rhythms in Drosophila and other insects (pp 286), Academic Press: Amesterdam.
Hirayama, J. and Sassone-Corsi, P. (2009). Transcription control and the circadian clock (pp 1071-1080), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Ishaaya Swirski, E. (1970). Invertase and amylase activity in the armoured scales Chrysomphalus aordun and Aonidiella auranti. J. Insect Physiol., 16: 1599-1606.
Iwai, S., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara,Y. and Takeda, M. (2006). Structure and expressions of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless in the commercial silkmoth, Bombyx mori. J. Insect physiol., 52: 625-637.
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Kostal, V. and Shimada, K. (2001). Malfunction of circadian clock in the non- photoperiodic- diapauses mutants of the Drosophilid fly,Chymomyza costata. J. Insect physiol., 47: 1269-1274.
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Peschel, N., Chen, K. F., Szabo, G. and Sanewsky, R. (2009). Light dependent interactions between the Drosophila circadian clock factors cryptochrome, jetlag and timeless. Curr. Biol., 19: 241-247.
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Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 a). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the silk gland protein profiles of Bombyx mori and its influence on the silk productivity and quality. J. App. & Nat. Science, 2: 48-56.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 b). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian protein rhythms in the silk gland of Bombyx mori during fourth instar development. The Bioscan, 5: 177-183.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2011). Photoperiod-induced clock shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval fat body of silkworm, Bombyx mori. J. Appl & Nat. Science, 3: 38-50.
Sailaja, B., Bhuvaneswari, E., Kavitha, S. and Sivaprasad, S. (2011). Photoperiod-induced clock shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval haemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan. 6: 355-363.
Sashindran Nair, K., Nair, J. S., Trivedy, K., Vijayan, V.A. and Nirmal kumar, S. (2004). Efficacy of feed conservation of the last instar silkworm, Bombyx mori.L. Under the influence of a juvenoid, R394. Ind. J. Seric., 43: 187-193.
Satyanarayana, S., Zheng, X., Xio, R. and Seghal, A. (2004). Post translational regulation of Drosophila PERIOD protein by protein phosphatase 2A. Cell, 116: 603-615.
Saunders, D.S. (2002). Insect Clocks, Third Edition (pp 560), Elsevier Science B.V.: Amsterdam.
Sharma,V. K. (2003). Adaptive significance of circadian clocks. Chronobiol. Int., 20: 901-919.
Shimizu, I. Kawai, Y., Tainguchi, M. and Aoki, S. (2001). Circadian Rhythm and cloning of the clock gene period in the honey bee Apiscerana japonica. Zoo. Sci., 18: 778-789.
Sivaprasad, S. and Sailaja, B. (2011). Photoperiod-modulated instar-specific clock-shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval segmental muscle of Bombyx mori. J. Appl. & Nat. Science, 3: 176-188.
Sumida, M., Yuan, X.L., Mah, Y. I., Mori, H. and Matsubara, F. (1990). Changes in the kinetic parameters and total activity of midgut sucrase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori during larval- pupal- adult development. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 96 B: 605-611.
Sumida, M., Yuan, X.L. and Matsubara, F. (1994). Sucrase activity and its kinetic properties in peritrophic membrane and in membrane bound and soluble fraction of midgut in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 108A: 255-264.
Sumida, M. and Ueda, H. (2007). Dietary sucrose suppresses midgut sucrase activity in germ free, fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 76: 31-37.
Syrova, Z., Dolezel, D., Sauman, I., and Hodokova, M. (2003). Photoperiodic regulation of diapauses in linden bugs: Are period and clock genes are involved? Cell. Mol. Lif. Sci., 60: 2510-2515.
Thompson, S. N. and Redak, R. A. (2000). Interactions of dietary protein and carbohydrate determine blood sugar level and regulate nutrient selection in the insect Manduca sexta L. Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 1523: 91-102.
Thompson, S. N., Redak, R. A. and Wang, L. W. (2001). Altered dietary nutrient intake maintains metabolic homeostasis in parasitized larvae of the insect Manduca sexta L. J. Exp. Biol., 204: 4065-4080.
Thompson, S. N., Redak, R. A. and Borchardt, D. B. (2002). The glycogenic response of pasitized insect Manduca sexta L. is partially mediated by different nutrient intake. Biochim. Acta., 1571: 138-150.
Thompson, S.N. (2003). Trehalose- the insect blood sugar. Advances in Insect Physiology, 31: 206-261.
Weng, S., Wong, K.Y. and Berson, D. M. (2009). Circadian modulation of melanopsin-driven light response in rat ganglioncell photoreceptors. J. Biol. Rhythms, 24: 391-402.
Williams, J.A. and Sehgal, A. (2001). Molecular components of the circadian system in Drosophila. Annual Review of Physiology, 63: 729-755.
Yamaoka, K., Hoshino, M. and Hirai, T. (1971). Role of sensory hairs on the anal papillae in oviposition behaviour of Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 47: 2327-2336.
Bhuvaneswari, E. and Sivaprasad, S. (2012a). Impact of photoperiod on circadian protein and protease rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan, 7: 175-183.
Bhuvaneswari, E. and Sivaprasad, S. (2012b). Impact of photoperiod on circadian carbohydrate and amylase rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan, 7: 579-588.
Fonagy, A. (2009). Insect timing (rhythms) from the point of view of neuroendocrine effector mechanism. Acta. Phytopathologica et. Entomologica Hungarica, 44: 61-73.
Hall, J. D. (2003). Genetics and Molecular Biology of Rhythms in Drosophila and other insects (pp 286), Academic Press: Amesterdam.
Hirayama, J. and Sassone-Corsi, P. (2009). Transcription control and the circadian clock (pp 1071-1080), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Ishaaya Swirski, E. (1970). Invertase and amylase activity in the armoured scales Chrysomphalus aordun and Aonidiella auranti. J. Insect Physiol., 16: 1599-1606.
Iwai, S., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara,Y. and Takeda, M. (2006). Structure and expressions of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless in the commercial silkmoth, Bombyx mori. J. Insect physiol., 52: 625-637.
Kanekatsu, R., Horie, M. and Igeta, K. (1992). Presence of three sucrases with different molecular weights in the larval midgut of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J. Seri. Sci. Jpn., 61: 6-14.
Kanekatsu, R., Satoh, M., Kodaira, R. and Miyashita, T. (1993). Midgut sucrase-1 (suc-1) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: genetics and changes in the activities during the pupal-adult development. J. Seri. Sci. Jpn., 62: 13-19.
Kostal, V. and Shimada, K. (2001). Malfunction of circadian clock in the non- photoperiodic- diapauses mutants of the Drosophilid fly,Chymomyza costata. J. Insect physiol., 47: 1269-1274.
Krishnaswami, S. (1986). New technology of silkworm rearing. Central Sericulture and Training Institute, Mysore, India.
Kuribayashi, S., Suda, Y. and Kousaka, T. (1990). Studies on the food utilization efficiency in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. L. reared on the mulberry leaves. Bull. Natl. Inst. Entomol. Sci., 1: 81-102.
Manjula, S., Sabhanayakam, S., Mathivanan, V. and Saravanan, N. (2010). Studies on the changes in the activities of digestive enzymes in the midgut of silkworm Bombyx mori. (L). (Lepedoptera: Bombycidae) fed with mulberry leaves supplemented with Indian bean (Dolichos lablab). Int. J. Biol. Res., 1: 168-171.
Narayanaswamy, T. K. and Shankar, M. A. (2010). Impact of organic based nutrient management on the activity of amylase and protease enzymes in the midgut extract of silkworm, Bombyx mori. L. Mysore. J. Agric. Sci., 44: 272-275.
Peschel, N., Chen, K. F., Szabo, G. and Sanewsky, R. (2009). Light dependent interactions between the Drosophila circadian clock factors cryptochrome, jetlag and timeless. Curr. Biol., 19: 241-247.
Plumer, D.T. (1978). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry (pp 263-271), McGraw-Hill Book Company Limited. UK.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 a). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the silk gland protein profiles of Bombyx mori and its influence on the silk productivity and quality. J. App. & Nat. Science, 2: 48-56.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 b). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian protein rhythms in the silk gland of Bombyx mori during fourth instar development. The Bioscan, 5: 177-183.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2011). Photoperiod-induced clock shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval fat body of silkworm, Bombyx mori. J. Appl & Nat. Science, 3: 38-50.
Sailaja, B., Bhuvaneswari, E., Kavitha, S. and Sivaprasad, S. (2011). Photoperiod-induced clock shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval haemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan. 6: 355-363.
Sashindran Nair, K., Nair, J. S., Trivedy, K., Vijayan, V.A. and Nirmal kumar, S. (2004). Efficacy of feed conservation of the last instar silkworm, Bombyx mori.L. Under the influence of a juvenoid, R394. Ind. J. Seric., 43: 187-193.
Satyanarayana, S., Zheng, X., Xio, R. and Seghal, A. (2004). Post translational regulation of Drosophila PERIOD protein by protein phosphatase 2A. Cell, 116: 603-615.
Saunders, D.S. (2002). Insect Clocks, Third Edition (pp 560), Elsevier Science B.V.: Amsterdam.
Sharma,V. K. (2003). Adaptive significance of circadian clocks. Chronobiol. Int., 20: 901-919.
Shimizu, I. Kawai, Y., Tainguchi, M. and Aoki, S. (2001). Circadian Rhythm and cloning of the clock gene period in the honey bee Apiscerana japonica. Zoo. Sci., 18: 778-789.
Sivaprasad, S. and Sailaja, B. (2011). Photoperiod-modulated instar-specific clock-shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval segmental muscle of Bombyx mori. J. Appl. & Nat. Science, 3: 176-188.
Sumida, M., Yuan, X.L., Mah, Y. I., Mori, H. and Matsubara, F. (1990). Changes in the kinetic parameters and total activity of midgut sucrase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori during larval- pupal- adult development. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 96 B: 605-611.
Sumida, M., Yuan, X.L. and Matsubara, F. (1994). Sucrase activity and its kinetic properties in peritrophic membrane and in membrane bound and soluble fraction of midgut in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 108A: 255-264.
Sumida, M. and Ueda, H. (2007). Dietary sucrose suppresses midgut sucrase activity in germ free, fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 76: 31-37.
Syrova, Z., Dolezel, D., Sauman, I., and Hodokova, M. (2003). Photoperiodic regulation of diapauses in linden bugs: Are period and clock genes are involved? Cell. Mol. Lif. Sci., 60: 2510-2515.
Thompson, S. N. and Redak, R. A. (2000). Interactions of dietary protein and carbohydrate determine blood sugar level and regulate nutrient selection in the insect Manduca sexta L. Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 1523: 91-102.
Thompson, S. N., Redak, R. A. and Wang, L. W. (2001). Altered dietary nutrient intake maintains metabolic homeostasis in parasitized larvae of the insect Manduca sexta L. J. Exp. Biol., 204: 4065-4080.
Thompson, S. N., Redak, R. A. and Borchardt, D. B. (2002). The glycogenic response of pasitized insect Manduca sexta L. is partially mediated by different nutrient intake. Biochim. Acta., 1571: 138-150.
Thompson, S.N. (2003). Trehalose- the insect blood sugar. Advances in Insect Physiology, 31: 206-261.
Weng, S., Wong, K.Y. and Berson, D. M. (2009). Circadian modulation of melanopsin-driven light response in rat ganglioncell photoreceptors. J. Biol. Rhythms, 24: 391-402.
Williams, J.A. and Sehgal, A. (2001). Molecular components of the circadian system in Drosophila. Annual Review of Physiology, 63: 729-755.
Yamaoka, K., Hoshino, M. and Hirai, T. (1971). Role of sensory hairs on the anal papillae in oviposition behaviour of Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 47: 2327-2336.
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Impact of photoperiod on circadian sucrose and sucrase rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori. (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.312
