Phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of root extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Family Nyctaginaceae)
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Abstract
Boerhaavia diffusa belonging to the family of the Nyctaginaceae is mainly a diffused perennial herbaceous creeping weed of India. The present study deals with the investigation of phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa. The result revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroid and tannin in both the root extracts. B. diffusa root extract possesses antimicrobial activity as the zone of inhibition was observed for both gram positive as well as gram negative bacterial strains.
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Keywords
Alkaloid, Antimicrobial activity, Boerhaavia diffusa, Flavonoids, Phytochemical
References
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Awasthi, L.P. and Verma, H.N. (2006). Boerhaavia diffusa – A Wild Herb with Potent Biological and Antimicrobial Properties. http://www.asianagrihistory.org/articles/Boerhaavia.pdf.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. (2005). MHFW, Deptt of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Delhi. 1(1):40.
Chaudhary, G. and Dantu, P.K. (2011). Morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological,studies on Boerhaavia diffusa L. J. Med. Plant Res.,5(3): 2125-2130.
Harborne, J.B. (2005). Phytochemical Methods. Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 17. 49-188pp.
Hayet, E; Maha, M; Mata, M; Mighri, Z; Laurent, G. and Mahjoub, A. (2010). Biological activities of Peganum harmala leaves. Afr. J. Biotechnol, .9 (48):8199-8205.
Jain, G.K. and Khanna, N.M. (1989). Punarnavoside: A new antifibrinolytic agent from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 28(B):163–166.
Jain, S.P., and Singh, S.C., (1994). Ethnomedical Botancial Survey of Ambikapur District, M.P. Ethnobiology in human welfare. Abstracts of the 4th International Congress of Ethnobiology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 17th-21st November, 293.
Jones, K.H. and Ennist, D.L. (1983). Immunomodulatory activities of Punarnavine 387. Rapid method for identification of macrophages in suspension by acid alphanaphthyl acetate esterase activity, J Histochem. Cytochem., 31:960–3.
Kaur, M. and Goel, R.K. (2009). Anti-Convulsant Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism. eCAM:1-7.
Khalid, M; Siddiqui, H.H. and Fareed, S. (2011). In vitro estimation of the antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Boerhaavia diffusa root extract. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 6:6.
Khandelwal, K.R. (2002). Practical Pharmacognosy, Techniques and Experiments. 9th edition. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 149-159.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1956). Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. III. 2nd ed. Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2045–2048.
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Krishna, K.T; Ranjini, C.E. and Sasidharan, V.K. (1997). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of secondary metabolities from some medicinal and other common plant species. J. Life Sci., 2: 14-19.
Lamela, M; Cadavid, I; Gato, A. and Calleja, J.M. (1985). Effect of Lythrum saricaria in normoglycaemic rats, J Ethnopharm, (41):1-4.
Lami, N; Kadota, S; Kikuchi, T. and Momose, Y. (1991). Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. III. .Identification of a Ca channel antagonistic compound from the methanol extract. Chemical and Pharmacological Bulletin, 39(6):1551–1555.
Mahesh ,A.R; Harish, K; Ranganath, M.K. and Devkar, R.A. (2012). Detail Study on Boerhaavia Diffusa Plant for its Medicinal Importance- A Review. Res. J. Pharmaceutical Sci, 1(1):28-36.
Meena, A.K., Niranjan, U.S., Yadav, A.K., Ajit, K., Singh, B. and Rao, M.M., (2010). A Quality Assessment of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Commonly Known as ‘Punarnava’ Plant. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2(1); 25-28.
Pandey, R; Maurya, R; Singh, G; Sathiamoorthy, B. and Naik, S. (2005). Immunosuppressive properties of flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa. Int. Immunopharmacol.; 5(3): 541-553.
Pereira, D.M.; Faria, L. and Gaspar, P. (2009). Boerhaavia diffusa - Metabolte profiling of a medicinal plant from Nyctaginaceae. Food Chem. Toxicolo., 47:2142-49.
Rajpoot , K. and Mishra, R. N. (2011). Boerhaavia diffusa roots (Punarnava mool) – Review as Rasayan (Rejuvenator/ Antiaging). International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2 (4): 1451-1460.
Ramachandra,Y.L., Ashajyothi, C. and Rai, P. (2012). In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Boerhaavia diffusa. IJAPBC, 1(3):420-424.
Rastogi, R.P. and Mehrotra B.N. (1993). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Lucknow and New Delhi: Central Drug Research Institute, Publications and Information Directorate. 2: 103.
Satish, S; Raveesha, K.A. and. Janardhana, G.R. (1999). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas compestris Pathovars. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28:145-147.
Sazada, S; Verma, A; Rather, A.A; Jabeen, F. and Meghvansi, M.K. (2009). Preliminary phytochemicals analysis of some important medicinal and aromatic plants. Adv. in Biol. Res., 3:188-195.
Sumanth, M. and Mustafa, S.S. (2007). Antistress, Adoptogenic and immunopotentiating activity roots of Boerhavia diffusa in mice, International Journal of Pharmacology, 3(5): 416-420.
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. 13th edn. Bailliere Tindall, London, 176-180pp.
Ujowundu, C.O; Igwe, C.U; Enemor, V.H.A; Nwaogu L.A. and Okafor, O.E. (2008). Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Properties of Boerhaavia diffusa and Commelina nudiflora Leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1): 90-92.
Akhilesh, S; Mayank, S.S; Mishra, A; Sharma, S; Kumar A. and Bhandari, A. (1999). A Review on Thar Plants Used in Liver- Chapter in a book: Samuelsson G. Drugs of natural origin: a textbook of Pharmacognosy. 4th ed. Stockholm, Swedish Pharmaceutical Press; IJRPC 2011, 1(2)224-236.
Awasthi, L.P. and Verma, H.N. (2006). Boerhaavia diffusa – A Wild Herb with Potent Biological and Antimicrobial Properties. http://www.asianagrihistory.org/articles/Boerhaavia.pdf.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. (2005). MHFW, Deptt of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Delhi. 1(1):40.
Chaudhary, G. and Dantu, P.K. (2011). Morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological,studies on Boerhaavia diffusa L. J. Med. Plant Res.,5(3): 2125-2130.
Harborne, J.B. (2005). Phytochemical Methods. Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 17. 49-188pp.
Hayet, E; Maha, M; Mata, M; Mighri, Z; Laurent, G. and Mahjoub, A. (2010). Biological activities of Peganum harmala leaves. Afr. J. Biotechnol, .9 (48):8199-8205.
Jain, G.K. and Khanna, N.M. (1989). Punarnavoside: A new antifibrinolytic agent from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 28(B):163–166.
Jain, S.P., and Singh, S.C., (1994). Ethnomedical Botancial Survey of Ambikapur District, M.P. Ethnobiology in human welfare. Abstracts of the 4th International Congress of Ethnobiology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 17th-21st November, 293.
Jones, K.H. and Ennist, D.L. (1983). Immunomodulatory activities of Punarnavine 387. Rapid method for identification of macrophages in suspension by acid alphanaphthyl acetate esterase activity, J Histochem. Cytochem., 31:960–3.
Kaur, M. and Goel, R.K. (2009). Anti-Convulsant Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism. eCAM:1-7.
Khalid, M; Siddiqui, H.H. and Fareed, S. (2011). In vitro estimation of the antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Boerhaavia diffusa root extract. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 6:6.
Khandelwal, K.R. (2002). Practical Pharmacognosy, Techniques and Experiments. 9th edition. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 149-159.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1956). Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. III. 2nd ed. Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2045–2048.
Kokate, C.K; Purohit, A.P. and Gokhle, S.B. (2005). Pharmacognosy.38th edn., Nirali Prakashan, Pune, India, p537-538.
Krishna, K.T; Ranjini, C.E. and Sasidharan, V.K. (1997). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of secondary metabolities from some medicinal and other common plant species. J. Life Sci., 2: 14-19.
Lamela, M; Cadavid, I; Gato, A. and Calleja, J.M. (1985). Effect of Lythrum saricaria in normoglycaemic rats, J Ethnopharm, (41):1-4.
Lami, N; Kadota, S; Kikuchi, T. and Momose, Y. (1991). Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. III. .Identification of a Ca channel antagonistic compound from the methanol extract. Chemical and Pharmacological Bulletin, 39(6):1551–1555.
Mahesh ,A.R; Harish, K; Ranganath, M.K. and Devkar, R.A. (2012). Detail Study on Boerhaavia Diffusa Plant for its Medicinal Importance- A Review. Res. J. Pharmaceutical Sci, 1(1):28-36.
Meena, A.K., Niranjan, U.S., Yadav, A.K., Ajit, K., Singh, B. and Rao, M.M., (2010). A Quality Assessment of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Commonly Known as ‘Punarnava’ Plant. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2(1); 25-28.
Pandey, R; Maurya, R; Singh, G; Sathiamoorthy, B. and Naik, S. (2005). Immunosuppressive properties of flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa. Int. Immunopharmacol.; 5(3): 541-553.
Pereira, D.M.; Faria, L. and Gaspar, P. (2009). Boerhaavia diffusa - Metabolte profiling of a medicinal plant from Nyctaginaceae. Food Chem. Toxicolo., 47:2142-49.
Rajpoot , K. and Mishra, R. N. (2011). Boerhaavia diffusa roots (Punarnava mool) – Review as Rasayan (Rejuvenator/ Antiaging). International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2 (4): 1451-1460.
Ramachandra,Y.L., Ashajyothi, C. and Rai, P. (2012). In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Boerhaavia diffusa. IJAPBC, 1(3):420-424.
Rastogi, R.P. and Mehrotra B.N. (1993). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Lucknow and New Delhi: Central Drug Research Institute, Publications and Information Directorate. 2: 103.
Satish, S; Raveesha, K.A. and. Janardhana, G.R. (1999). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas compestris Pathovars. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28:145-147.
Sazada, S; Verma, A; Rather, A.A; Jabeen, F. and Meghvansi, M.K. (2009). Preliminary phytochemicals analysis of some important medicinal and aromatic plants. Adv. in Biol. Res., 3:188-195.
Sumanth, M. and Mustafa, S.S. (2007). Antistress, Adoptogenic and immunopotentiating activity roots of Boerhavia diffusa in mice, International Journal of Pharmacology, 3(5): 416-420.
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. 13th edn. Bailliere Tindall, London, 176-180pp.
Ujowundu, C.O; Igwe, C.U; Enemor, V.H.A; Nwaogu L.A. and Okafor, O.E. (2008). Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Properties of Boerhaavia diffusa and Commelina nudiflora Leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1): 90-92.
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Phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of root extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Family Nyctaginaceae). (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 221-225. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.310
