Influence of nitrogen application on direct seeded rice in old and new Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Article Main
Abstract
Direct seeded rice is a boon to farmers where the water release from the reservoir is delayed. Nitrogen fertiliser management is one of the strategies bto rectify the nutrient-related issue in Direct seeded rice. The present study aimed to optimize the nitrogen dose for direct-seeded rice in the new and old Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. Field experiments were conducted during kuruvai and samba seasons at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai and Agricultural research station Thanjavur representing old and new Cauvery delta regions during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Totally from eight experiments, the results of four field experiments in each location revealed the highest grain yield in the treatment T6 -application of 150 kg Nha-1 (5596kg/ha) which was statistically on par with treatment T5 -125kg N/ha (5326 kg/ha) in old delta and new delta. The higher grain yield was recorded in the T6 (5140 kg/ha), statistically on par with T5 (4550 kg/ha). The higher available nitrogen content of 312 kg/ ha,292 kg/ha was recorded for N application @ 150kg/ha, which was statistically on par with 309 kg/ha and 289 kg/ha, respectively, both the kuruvai and samba seasons for N application of 125 kg/ha. In the new CDZ, the same trend was followed as that of the old delta. Based on economics, N applied @125 kg/ha recorded a higher BC ratio for direct-seeded rice. For the benefit of farmers of both deltaic regions, the nitrogen application of 125 kg ha-1 for direct-seeded rice is recommended.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Cauvery delta, Direct seeded rice, Nitrogen management, Yield, Nutrient uptake
References
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Choudhury, A. & Kennedy, I.(2005). Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems.Communications in Soil science and Plant analysis., 36,1625-1639.https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200059104
De Datta, S. (1995). Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystems.Fertilizer Research.,42 (1),193-203.
Gopal, R., Jat, R., Malik, R., Kumar, V., Alam, M., Mazid, M., Saharawat,Y., McDonald,A.& Gupta,R.(2019). Direct dry seeded rice production technology and weed management in rice based systems.Gates Open Res.,3 , 207.https://doi.org/10.21955/gatesopenres.1115021.1
Johnkutty, L., Kandaswamy, O. S. & Palanippan, S.P. (2000). Time course leaf N concentration in rice under different nitrogen application strategies and development of simulation models. J. Trop. Agric., 37, 40-45.
Kaur, J. & Singh, A. (2017). Direct Seeded Rice: Prospects, Problems / Constraints and Researchable issues India. Curr. Agri. Res., 5(1), 13-32.http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.5.1.03
Ladha, J. K., Pathak, H., Krupnik,T. J., Six,J. & Van Kessel, C. (2005). Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production: retrospects and prospects. Advances in Agronomy., 87, 85-156.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(05)87003-8
Linwattana, G. (2001). Nitrogen Management for direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in drought-prone lowlands of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Ph. D Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines.
Liu, H., Hussain, S., Zheng, M., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K. & Nie, L. (2015). Dry direct- seeded rice as an alternative to transplanted-flooded rice in Central China. Agron. Sustain. . Dev., 35, 285-294.10.1007/s13593-014-0239-0
Machado,P.A.,Schmiele, M., Souza, E. J., Ávila, B., Ramos, A., Zavareze,E. & Gularte.M.(2021). Extrudate gluten-free breakfast cereals from rice and corn flours with different amylose content: technological and sensory properties. International journal of food science & technology., 56 (8),4182-4190.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15048
Marlar, N.O., Shivay, Y. S. & Kumar, D. (2007). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on yield attributes, productivity and nutrient uptake of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 77(11), 772-775.
Mondal, S., Kumar, S., Haris, A.A., Dwivedi, S.K., Bhatt, B. P. & Mishra, J. S. (2016).Effect of different rice establishment methods on soil physical properties in drought-prone, rainfed lowlands of Bihar. India. Soil Res., 54, 997 – 1006. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR15346
Munda, S., Saha, S., Adak, T. & Jambhulkar, N. (2017). Weed Management in aerobic rice: Role of establishment methods and herbicides. Expl. Agric.,1-17.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479717000576
Nayak, B. R., Pramanik, K., Panigrahy, N., Dash, A. K. & Swain, S. K. (2015). Yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency indices of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under various irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels. Int. J. Bio-res. Env. Agril. Sci., 1(2), 8-13.
Pathak, H., Tewari, A. N., Sankhyan, S., Dubey, D. S., Mina, U., Virendar, K., Jain, N. & Bhatia, A. (2011). Direct seeded rice-Potential, performance and problems - A Review. Curr. Adv. Agric. Sci., 3(2), 77-88.
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate: United States Department Of Agriculture,Washington.
Qi, X., Wu,W., Shah,F., Peng,S., Huang,J., Cui,K., Liu,H.& Nie.L.(2012). Ammonia volatilization from urea-application influenced germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seeded rice. The Scientific World Journal., 20, 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/857472
Ramya, M., Nideep, T., Nampoori, V. & Kailasnath, M.(2019). Understanding the role of alcohols in the growth behaviour of ZnO nanostructures prepared by solution based synthesis and their application in solar cells. New Journal of Chemistry., 43 (46),17980-17990. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ03212F
Ramya, S. & Pandove, G. (2021). Integrated nutrient management in cowpea with the application of microbial inoculants. Legume Research: An International Journal., 44 (3).
Raj, S.K. & Syriac, E. K. (2017). Nutrient availability and nutrient uptake as influenced by the post emergence application of herbicide mixtures. J. Trop. Agric., 55(2), 152-160.
Ramesh, T., Sathiya, K., Padmanabhan, P. K. & Martin, G. J. (2009). Optimization of nitrogen and suitable weed management practices for aerobic rice. Madr. Agric. J., 96, 344-348.
Rammohan, J., Chandrasekaran, B., Poonguzhalan, R., Mohan, R. & Subramaniyan, M. (1999). Nutrient uptake as influenced by N levels in rice based cropping system. Vistas of rice Res. (Subramaniyan, M.Ed.), TRRI, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu India., 225-260.
Reddy, B. G. M., Guruprased, G. S., Paramesh, D., Mahantashivayogayya, K. & Ibrahim, M. (2017). Nitrogen management for optimum productivity of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under medium deep black soils. J. Farm Sci., 30(2), 177-180.http://14.139.155.167/.../8643
Sathya, K. (2007). Optimization of nitrogen level and split dose in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agric Univ, Coimbatore, India., 62-73.
Krishna, M. & Devi, M. T. T. (2014). Effect of nitrogen and weed management on nutrient uptake by weeds under direct seeded aerobic rice. The Bioscam., 9(2), 535-537.http://www.the bio scan.in/Journals_PDF...
Singh, D. K., Pandey, P.C., Qureshi, A. & Gupta, S. (2015). Nitrogen management strategies for direct seeded aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in mollisols of Uttarakhand (India). Int. J. Applied Pure Sci. Agric., 1(7), 130-138.
Sudhakar, G., Solaimalai, A. & Ravisanker, N. (2003). Influence of cultivars and levels of nitrogen on yield, nutrient uptake and residual nutrient status of soil in semi dry rice. Agric. Sci. Digest., 23(2), 88-91.
Schnier, H., Dingkuhn,M., Datta,S., Mengel,K. & Faronilo,J. (1990). Nitrogen fertilization of direct seeded flooded vs. transplanted rice: I. Nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis, growth, and yield. Crop Science., 30(6), 1276-1284.https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003 000060024x
Stanford, G. & English.L.(1949). Use of the flame photometer in rapid soil tests for K and Ca. Agronomy Journal., 41 (9), 446-447.https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1949.0002 1962004100090012x
Thind, H. S., Singh, Y., Sharma, S., Goyal, D., Singh, V. & Singh, B. (2017). Optimal rate and schedule of nitrogen fertilizer application for enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in dry-seeded rice in north-western India. Archives Agron. Soil Sci., 1-29.https://doi.org/10.1080/03650 340.2017.1340642
Thind, H.S., Singh, Y., Sharma, S., Goyal, D., Singh, V. & Singh,B.(2018). Optimal rate and schedule of nitrogen fertilizer application for enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in dry-seeded rice in north-western India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science., 64 (2),196-207.
Thuy, N.H., Shan,Y., Wang,K., Cai,Z. & Buresh,R.J.(2008). Nitrogen Supply in Rice‐Based Cropping Systems as Affected by Crop Residue Management. Soil science society of America journal., 72 (2),514-523.https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0403
Vasanthakumar, J. (2017). Yield Gap and Constraints Limiting Rice Productivity in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences., 8 (43),1-5.
Walkley, A. & Black, I.A.(1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Soil Science., 37 (1),29-38.
Xu, L., Zhan, X., Yu, T., Nie, L., Huang, J., Cui, K., Wang, F., Li, Y. & Peng, S.(2018). Yield performance of direct-seeded, double-season rice using varieties with short growth durations in central China. Field Crops Research., 227,49-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.08.002
Ye, Q., Zhang, H., Wei, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Xia, K., Huo, Z., Dai, Q. & Xu, K.(2007). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice under different soil conditions. Frontiers of Agriculture in China., 1 (1),30-36.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-007-0005-z
Yoon, K.S., Cho, J.Y., Choi, J.K. & Son, J.G. (2006). Water management and N, P losses from paddy fields in south Korea. Journal of the American Water Resources Association., 42 (5),1205-1216.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb05295.x
Younas, A., Xiukang,W., Yousaf,Z., Fiaz,S., Riaz,A., Hussain,S. & Huang, S. (2021). Physiological and biochemical changes induced by Qiangdi nano-863 biological assistant growth apparatus during rice seed priming under temperature stress. Brazilian Journal of Biology., 83.https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245206
Yu, J., Broutin, J., Chen, Z.Q., Shi, X., Li, H., Chu, D. & Huang, Q. (2015). Vegetation changeover across the Permian–Triassic Boundary in Southwest China: extinction, survival, recovery and palaeoclimate: a critical review. Earth-Science Reviews., 149, 203-224.https://doi.o rg/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.04.005
YU., Jing, Y.,Yang, S.N., Sun, W.C., Jiang, L.N. & Qiang,W.(2013). Effects of nitrogen application level on rice nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization. Rice Science., 20 (2),139-147.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60117-1
Zhu, Y.,Chen,H., Fan,J., Wang,Y., Li,Y., Chen,J., Fan,J.,Yang,S., Hu,L. & Leung, H.(2000). Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature., 406 (6797),718-722.https://doi.org/10.1038/35021046.
Ali, M. A., Latha, J. K., Rickman, J. & Lales, J. S. (2006). Comparison of different methods of rice establishment and nitrogen management strategies for low land rice. J. Crop Imp.,16,173-189.https://doi.org/10.1300/J411v16n 0 1_12
Choudhury, A. & Kennedy, I.(2005). Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems.Communications in Soil science and Plant analysis., 36,1625-1639.https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200059104
De Datta, S. (1995). Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystems.Fertilizer Research.,42 (1),193-203.
Gopal, R., Jat, R., Malik, R., Kumar, V., Alam, M., Mazid, M., Saharawat,Y., McDonald,A.& Gupta,R.(2019). Direct dry seeded rice production technology and weed management in rice based systems.Gates Open Res.,3 , 207.https://doi.org/10.21955/gatesopenres.1115021.1
Johnkutty, L., Kandaswamy, O. S. & Palanippan, S.P. (2000). Time course leaf N concentration in rice under different nitrogen application strategies and development of simulation models. J. Trop. Agric., 37, 40-45.
Kaur, J. & Singh, A. (2017). Direct Seeded Rice: Prospects, Problems / Constraints and Researchable issues India. Curr. Agri. Res., 5(1), 13-32.http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.5.1.03
Ladha, J. K., Pathak, H., Krupnik,T. J., Six,J. & Van Kessel, C. (2005). Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production: retrospects and prospects. Advances in Agronomy., 87, 85-156.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(05)87003-8
Linwattana, G. (2001). Nitrogen Management for direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in drought-prone lowlands of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Ph. D Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines.
Liu, H., Hussain, S., Zheng, M., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K. & Nie, L. (2015). Dry direct- seeded rice as an alternative to transplanted-flooded rice in Central China. Agron. Sustain. . Dev., 35, 285-294.10.1007/s13593-014-0239-0
Machado,P.A.,Schmiele, M., Souza, E. J., Ávila, B., Ramos, A., Zavareze,E. & Gularte.M.(2021). Extrudate gluten-free breakfast cereals from rice and corn flours with different amylose content: technological and sensory properties. International journal of food science & technology., 56 (8),4182-4190.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15048
Marlar, N.O., Shivay, Y. S. & Kumar, D. (2007). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on yield attributes, productivity and nutrient uptake of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 77(11), 772-775.
Mondal, S., Kumar, S., Haris, A.A., Dwivedi, S.K., Bhatt, B. P. & Mishra, J. S. (2016).Effect of different rice establishment methods on soil physical properties in drought-prone, rainfed lowlands of Bihar. India. Soil Res., 54, 997 – 1006. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR15346
Munda, S., Saha, S., Adak, T. & Jambhulkar, N. (2017). Weed Management in aerobic rice: Role of establishment methods and herbicides. Expl. Agric.,1-17.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479717000576
Nayak, B. R., Pramanik, K., Panigrahy, N., Dash, A. K. & Swain, S. K. (2015). Yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency indices of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under various irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels. Int. J. Bio-res. Env. Agril. Sci., 1(2), 8-13.
Pathak, H., Tewari, A. N., Sankhyan, S., Dubey, D. S., Mina, U., Virendar, K., Jain, N. & Bhatia, A. (2011). Direct seeded rice-Potential, performance and problems - A Review. Curr. Adv. Agric. Sci., 3(2), 77-88.
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate: United States Department Of Agriculture,Washington.
Qi, X., Wu,W., Shah,F., Peng,S., Huang,J., Cui,K., Liu,H.& Nie.L.(2012). Ammonia volatilization from urea-application influenced germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seeded rice. The Scientific World Journal., 20, 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/857472
Ramya, M., Nideep, T., Nampoori, V. & Kailasnath, M.(2019). Understanding the role of alcohols in the growth behaviour of ZnO nanostructures prepared by solution based synthesis and their application in solar cells. New Journal of Chemistry., 43 (46),17980-17990. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ03212F
Ramya, S. & Pandove, G. (2021). Integrated nutrient management in cowpea with the application of microbial inoculants. Legume Research: An International Journal., 44 (3).
Raj, S.K. & Syriac, E. K. (2017). Nutrient availability and nutrient uptake as influenced by the post emergence application of herbicide mixtures. J. Trop. Agric., 55(2), 152-160.
Ramesh, T., Sathiya, K., Padmanabhan, P. K. & Martin, G. J. (2009). Optimization of nitrogen and suitable weed management practices for aerobic rice. Madr. Agric. J., 96, 344-348.
Rammohan, J., Chandrasekaran, B., Poonguzhalan, R., Mohan, R. & Subramaniyan, M. (1999). Nutrient uptake as influenced by N levels in rice based cropping system. Vistas of rice Res. (Subramaniyan, M.Ed.), TRRI, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu India., 225-260.
Reddy, B. G. M., Guruprased, G. S., Paramesh, D., Mahantashivayogayya, K. & Ibrahim, M. (2017). Nitrogen management for optimum productivity of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under medium deep black soils. J. Farm Sci., 30(2), 177-180.http://14.139.155.167/.../8643
Sathya, K. (2007). Optimization of nitrogen level and split dose in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agric Univ, Coimbatore, India., 62-73.
Krishna, M. & Devi, M. T. T. (2014). Effect of nitrogen and weed management on nutrient uptake by weeds under direct seeded aerobic rice. The Bioscam., 9(2), 535-537.http://www.the bio scan.in/Journals_PDF...
Singh, D. K., Pandey, P.C., Qureshi, A. & Gupta, S. (2015). Nitrogen management strategies for direct seeded aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in mollisols of Uttarakhand (India). Int. J. Applied Pure Sci. Agric., 1(7), 130-138.
Sudhakar, G., Solaimalai, A. & Ravisanker, N. (2003). Influence of cultivars and levels of nitrogen on yield, nutrient uptake and residual nutrient status of soil in semi dry rice. Agric. Sci. Digest., 23(2), 88-91.
Schnier, H., Dingkuhn,M., Datta,S., Mengel,K. & Faronilo,J. (1990). Nitrogen fertilization of direct seeded flooded vs. transplanted rice: I. Nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis, growth, and yield. Crop Science., 30(6), 1276-1284.https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003 000060024x
Stanford, G. & English.L.(1949). Use of the flame photometer in rapid soil tests for K and Ca. Agronomy Journal., 41 (9), 446-447.https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1949.0002 1962004100090012x
Thind, H. S., Singh, Y., Sharma, S., Goyal, D., Singh, V. & Singh, B. (2017). Optimal rate and schedule of nitrogen fertilizer application for enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in dry-seeded rice in north-western India. Archives Agron. Soil Sci., 1-29.https://doi.org/10.1080/03650 340.2017.1340642
Thind, H.S., Singh, Y., Sharma, S., Goyal, D., Singh, V. & Singh,B.(2018). Optimal rate and schedule of nitrogen fertilizer application for enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in dry-seeded rice in north-western India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science., 64 (2),196-207.
Thuy, N.H., Shan,Y., Wang,K., Cai,Z. & Buresh,R.J.(2008). Nitrogen Supply in Rice‐Based Cropping Systems as Affected by Crop Residue Management. Soil science society of America journal., 72 (2),514-523.https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0403
Vasanthakumar, J. (2017). Yield Gap and Constraints Limiting Rice Productivity in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences., 8 (43),1-5.
Walkley, A. & Black, I.A.(1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Soil Science., 37 (1),29-38.
Xu, L., Zhan, X., Yu, T., Nie, L., Huang, J., Cui, K., Wang, F., Li, Y. & Peng, S.(2018). Yield performance of direct-seeded, double-season rice using varieties with short growth durations in central China. Field Crops Research., 227,49-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.08.002
Ye, Q., Zhang, H., Wei, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Xia, K., Huo, Z., Dai, Q. & Xu, K.(2007). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice under different soil conditions. Frontiers of Agriculture in China., 1 (1),30-36.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-007-0005-z
Yoon, K.S., Cho, J.Y., Choi, J.K. & Son, J.G. (2006). Water management and N, P losses from paddy fields in south Korea. Journal of the American Water Resources Association., 42 (5),1205-1216.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb05295.x
Younas, A., Xiukang,W., Yousaf,Z., Fiaz,S., Riaz,A., Hussain,S. & Huang, S. (2021). Physiological and biochemical changes induced by Qiangdi nano-863 biological assistant growth apparatus during rice seed priming under temperature stress. Brazilian Journal of Biology., 83.https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245206
Yu, J., Broutin, J., Chen, Z.Q., Shi, X., Li, H., Chu, D. & Huang, Q. (2015). Vegetation changeover across the Permian–Triassic Boundary in Southwest China: extinction, survival, recovery and palaeoclimate: a critical review. Earth-Science Reviews., 149, 203-224.https://doi.o rg/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.04.005
YU., Jing, Y.,Yang, S.N., Sun, W.C., Jiang, L.N. & Qiang,W.(2013). Effects of nitrogen application level on rice nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization. Rice Science., 20 (2),139-147.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60117-1
Zhu, Y.,Chen,H., Fan,J., Wang,Y., Li,Y., Chen,J., Fan,J.,Yang,S., Hu,L. & Leung, H.(2000). Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature., 406 (6797),718-722.https://doi.org/10.1038/35021046.
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Influence of nitrogen application on direct seeded rice in old and new Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1462-1469. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3095
