Impact of dietary glutathione on hematological indices in rats poisoned with hexavalent chromium
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Abstract
The effects of dietary glutathione against chromium induced hematological indices were studied in rats, Rattus rattus albino. Supplementation of glutahione to the diet of chromium fed rats, elevated significantly percent hemoglobin (40.4%), number of red blood corpuscles (48.7%), plasma corpuscular volume (43.4%) and mean corpuscular volume (37.1%) which were inhibited in chromium poisoned rats. However, no marked elevation was noticed in number of white blood corpuscles and total proteins. Intake of glutahione checked the accumulation of glucose, cholesterol, tryglcerides, phospholipids and bilirubin in chromium treated rats. Chromium intoxication significantly increased the activities of transaminases (p<0.001) and dehydrogenases (p<0.01/p<0.001) which declined by supplementation of gltathione which also restored the chromium inhibited activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase. Specific reasons for these pharmacoticological aspects of glutathione have also been discussed.
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Keywords
Glutathione, Chromium, Blood, Enzymes, Rat
References
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Hartmann, F. (1960). Oxidative phosphorylation and lipid accumulation in animals. Gastroenterol., 116:156-158.
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Kumar, A and Barthwal, R. (1991). Heaxavalent chromium effects on hematological indices in rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 46:761-768.
Kumar, A. and Kumar, A. (2003). Influence of dietary methionine on hematological indices in chromium poisoned rats. J. Natcon., 15:191-196.
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Kumar. A., Kumar, A. and Dutt, U. (2011). Role of glutathione in modifying liver dysenzymia induced by arsenic in rats. Biochem. Cell. Arch., 11:209-211.
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Kumar, A., Kumar. A. and Sharma, P. (2009). On the reversal of liver dysenzymia by glutathione in chromium poisoned rats. J.Exp.Zool. India, 12:219-222
Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. (1982). Lipid accumulation in chromium poisoned rats. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 4:291-295.
Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. (1984). Enzymological effects of heaxavalent chromium in rat kidney. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 6:135- 139.
Kumar, A., Rana, S.V.S. and Prakash, R. (1985). Dysenzymia induced by hexavalent chromium in rat liver. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 7:333-338.
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Rana, S.V.S. and Kumar, A. (1980). On the lipid accumulation in molybadenotic rats. Ind. J. Exp.Biol., 18: 726-728.
Rees, K.R. and Sinha, F.W. (1960). Blood enzymes in liver injury. J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 80:297-307.
Schmidt, E. and Schmidt, F.W. (1974). Diagnosis, control of progress therapy disease of liver. In: Bergmeyer H.U. (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (pp. 14-30), Vol. I, Academic Press, New York.
Sharma, P., Kumar, A. and Kumar, A. (2007). Effect of dietary glutathione intake on chromium induced lipid peroxidation in liver of rats. Biochem.Cell. Arch., 7:93-96.
Tandom, S.K. (1982). Organ toxicity of chromium in animals. In : S. Langard (Ed.), Biological and Envirnmental aspects of Chromium. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.pp.209-220
Tandon, S.K., Saxena, D.K., Gour, J.S. and Chandra, S.V. (1978). Comparative toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium.I: Alterations in blood and liver. Environ. Res., 15:90-99.
Chatterji, G.G., Chakraborty,D., Bhattacharya, A. and Mazumdar, K. (1977). Vitamin C deficiency after heavy metal toxicity. Int.J. Vit.Nutr. Res., 47:81-89.
Enterline,P.E. (1974). Respiratory cancer among chromate workers. J. Occup. Med., 16:523-526.
Fisher, R.A. (1950). Statistical methods for research workers. 11th Edn., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Frings, C.S. and Frendley, T.W. (1972). Improved determination of serum lipids by the suophosphovanillin reaction. Clin.Chem., 18:673-674.
Hartmann, F. (1960). Oxidative phosphorylation and lipid accumulation in animals. Gastroenterol., 116:156-158.
Jensen, I.S. and Maurice, D.V. (1979). Influence of sulfur amino acids on copper toxicity in chicks. J. Nutr., 92:173-178.
Jover, A. (1963). A technique for determination of serum glycerides. J. Lip. Res., 4:228-230.
Kori-Siakpere, O. and Ubogu, E.O. (2008). Sublethal hematological effects of Zinc on the fresh water fish, Heteroclarias sp.African J. Biotechnol., 7:2068-2073.
Kumar, A. (2012). Role of glutathione in modifying arsenic induced hematological indices in rats. J. Sust. Env. Res., 1: 53-56.
Kumar, A and Barthwal, R. (1991). Heaxavalent chromium effects on hematological indices in rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 46:761-768.
Kumar, A. and Kumar, A. (2003). Influence of dietary methionine on hematological indices in chromium poisoned rats. J. Natcon., 15:191-196.
Kumar, A and Kumar, A. (2006). Vitamins induced inhibition of heavy metal accumulation in the liver of rats. Ind. J. Environ.Sci., 10:103-106.
Kumar. A., Kumar, A. and Dutt, U. (2011). Role of glutathione in modifying liver dysenzymia induced by arsenic in rats. Biochem. Cell. Arch., 11:209-211.
Kumar, A., Kumar. A. and Sharma, P. (2006). Role of glutathione in modifying hepatotoxicity induced by copper in rats. Environ. Conserv. J., 15:95-98.
Kumar, A., Kumar. A. and Sharma, P. (2009). On the reversal of liver dysenzymia by glutathione in chromium poisoned rats. J.Exp.Zool. India, 12:219-222
Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. (1982). Lipid accumulation in chromium poisoned rats. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 4:291-295.
Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. (1984). Enzymological effects of heaxavalent chromium in rat kidney. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 6:135- 139.
Kumar, A., Rana, S.V.S. and Prakash, R. (1985). Dysenzymia induced by hexavalent chromium in rat liver. Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 7:333-338.
Kumar, A., Rana, S.V.S. and Sharma, C.B. (1987). Influence of dietary methionine on copper toxicity in rats. Ad. Bios., 6:1-8.
Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193:265-273.
Levy, L.S. and Venitt, S. (1986). Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chromium compounds: the association between bronchial metaplasia and neoplasia.. Carcinogenesis, 7: 831-836.
Marks, V.(1959). An improved glucose-oxidation method for determining blood, CSF and urine glucose level. Clin. Chim. Acta., 4:395-399.
Marsh, W.H., Fingerhut, B. and Miller, H.(1965). Automated and manual direct methods for the determination of blood urea. Clin.Chem., 11:624-627.
Mertz, W. (1974).The newer essential trace elements, chromium, tin, vanadium, nickel and silicon. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 33:307-313.
Mustafa, M.G., Cowger, M.L. and King, T.E. (1969). Effect of bilirubin on mitochondrial reaction., J. Biol. Chem., 244: 6403-6407.
Oser, B.L. (1976). Hawk's Physiological Chemistry. 14th Edn., Tata Mc Graw Hill, Bombay.
Rajanna, B., Chapatwala, K.D., Vaishnav, D.D. and Desauah, D. (1981). Changes in ATPase activities in tissues of rats fed on cadmium. J.Environ. Biol., 18:726-729.
Rana, S.V.S. and Kumar, A. (1980). On the lipid accumulation in molybadenotic rats. Ind. J. Exp.Biol., 18: 726-728.
Rees, K.R. and Sinha, F.W. (1960). Blood enzymes in liver injury. J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 80:297-307.
Schmidt, E. and Schmidt, F.W. (1974). Diagnosis, control of progress therapy disease of liver. In: Bergmeyer H.U. (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (pp. 14-30), Vol. I, Academic Press, New York.
Sharma, P., Kumar, A. and Kumar, A. (2007). Effect of dietary glutathione intake on chromium induced lipid peroxidation in liver of rats. Biochem.Cell. Arch., 7:93-96.
Tandom, S.K. (1982). Organ toxicity of chromium in animals. In : S. Langard (Ed.), Biological and Envirnmental aspects of Chromium. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.pp.209-220
Tandon, S.K., Saxena, D.K., Gour, J.S. and Chandra, S.V. (1978). Comparative toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium.I: Alterations in blood and liver. Environ. Res., 15:90-99.
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Impact of dietary glutathione on hematological indices in rats poisoned with hexavalent chromium. (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 217-220. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.309
