Effect of different levels and sources of calcium on post harvest physiology of hybrid tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)
Article Main
Abstract
Due to high respiration and ethylene production, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is highly perishable horticulture produce that deteriorates faster during the post-harvest storage period. Calcium nutrition is important to overcome these losses as it helps in retarding ripening process during storage and improve the post-harvest quality tomatoes. Hence a field experiment was conducted with different calcium sources and levels viz., Calcium sulphate, Calcium Nitrate, Calcium silicate, Poultry manure and Pressmud applied at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg Ca ha-1. A storage study was conducted in a factorial completely randomized block design (FCRD) to ensure the effective role of calcium in post-harvest quality of hybrid tomato. Tomatoes were analyzed for pH of fruit juice, firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, moisture content and physiological loss at five days intervals upto 15 days. The results revealed thatCalcium sources and levels had highly significant impacts on the quality of tomato fruits. The tomatoes harvested from the plot applied with poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1 retained the highest fruit firmness(3.76 N m-1), moisture content (88.2%) and the lowest weight loss (8.82%) in fruit, highertitratable acidity (0.41%), lesser pH (3.61)andtotal soluble solids (4.23 ˚Brix). Hence the application of poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1was beneficial in improving the quality and extending the storage life of hybrid tomatoes.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Calcium nutrition, Fruit quality, Hybrid tomato, Post-harvest Physiology, Storage life
References
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AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition, The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Azad, M. A. K., Islam, M. S., Hossen, M. I. & Eaton, T. E. J. (2019). Yield and fruit quality of tomato as influenced by calcium and mulching in rooftop cultivation. Agricultural Sciences, 10(07), 893.
Barragán-Iglesias, J., Méndez-Lagunas, L. L., & Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. (2018). Ripeness indexes and physicochemical changes of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol) during ripening on-tree. Scientia Horticulturae, 236, 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.201 7.12.012
Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T. E., San Giovanni, J. P., Danis, R. P., Ferris, F. L., Elman, M. J. & Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group. (2014). Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3. JAMA Ophthalmology, 132(2), 142-149. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.7376.
Demes, R., Satheesh, N. & Fanta, S. W. (2021). Effect of different concentrations of the gibberellic acid and calcium chloride dipping on quality and shelf-life of Kochorovariety tomato. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(1), 335-349.
Dorais, M., Ehret, D. L. & Papadopoulos, A. P. (2008). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) health components: from the seed to the consumer. Phytochemistry Reviews, 7(2),231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-007-9085-x
Fan, X., Zhao, H., Wang, X., Cao, J. & Jiang, W. (2017). Sugar and organic acid composition of apricot and their contribution to sensory quality and consumer satisfaction. Scientia Horticulturae, 225, 553-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.07.016
Fouda, K. F. (2017). Effect of interaction among N forms and calcium sources on quality and chemical composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Egyptian Journal of Soil Science, 57(1), 61-71.
Frenkel, C. & Hartman, T. G. (2012). Decrease in fruit moisture content heralds and might launch the onset of ripening processes. Journal of Food Science, 77(10),S365-S376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17503841.2012.02910.x
Gaikwad, P. S., Yadav, B. K. & Sugumar, A. (2021). Fabrication of natural colorimetric indicators for monitoring freshness of ready-to-cook idli batter. Packaging Technology and Science, 34(4), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2550
Gao, Q., Xiong, T., Li, X., Chen, W., & Zhu, X. (2019). Calcium and calcium sensors in fruit development and ripening. Scientia Horticulturae, 253, 412-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.069
Guo, Q., Su, J., Xie, W., Tu, X., Yuan, F., Mao, L. & Gao, Y. (2020). Curcumin-loaded pea protein isolate-high methoxyl pectin complexes induced by calcium ions: Characterization, stability and in vitro digestibility. Food Hydrocolloids, 98, 105284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.1 05284
Haleema, B., Rab, A., Hussain, S. A., Sajid, M., Arif, M., Shah, S. T. & Basit, A. (2020). Influence of calcium concentrations and sources on the fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) at different storage conditions. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 29(3), 1866-1877.
Kaur, D., Sharma, R., Abas Wani, A., Singh Gill, B. & Sogi, D. S. (2006). Physicochemical changes in seven tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars during ripening. International Journal of Food Properties, 9(4), 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910600575716
Lobos, T. E., Retamales, J. B. & Hanson, E. J. (2021). Early preharvest calcium sprays improve postharvest fruit quality in ‘Liberty’ high bush blueberries. Scientia Horticulturae, 277,109790.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.202 0.109790
Madani, B., Mohamed, M. T. M., Watkins, C. B., Kadir, J., Awang, Y. & Shojaei, T. R. (2014). Preharvest calcium chloride sprays affect ripening of EksotikaII’ papaya fruits during cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 171, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.032
Moneruzzaman, K. M. Hossain, A. B. M. S., Sani, W. & Saifuddin, M. (2008). Effect of stages of maturity and ripening conditions on the biochemical characteristics of tomato. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4(4), 336-344.
Oz, A. T. & Ulukanli, Z. (2014). The Effects of Calcium Chloride and 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Shelf Life of Mulberries (Morus alba L.). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 38(3), 1279-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12089
Ranganna, S. (2000). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable Products Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Rathore, H. A., Masud, T., Sammi, S. & Soomro, A. H. (2007). Effect of storage on physico-chemical composition and sensory properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety Dosehari. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(2), 143-148.
Sajid, M., Ullah, I., Rab, A., Shah, S. T., Basit, A., Bibi, F. & Ahmad, M. (2020). 2. Foliar application of calcium improves growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivars. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 9(1), 10-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90002
Sotiropoulos, Thomas, Antonios Voulgarakis, Dionisios Karaiskos, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Ioannis Manthos, Olga Dichala & Areti Mpountla (2021). Foliar Calcium Fertilizers Impact on Several Fruit Quality Characteristics and Leaf and Fruit Nutritional Status of the ‘Hayward’ Kiwi fruit Cultivar." Agronomy 11,2:235. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020235
Soundharya, N., Srinivasan, S., Sivakumar, T. & Kamalkumaran, P. (2019). Effect of foliar application of nutrients and silicon on yield and quality traits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). International Journal of Pure Bioscience, 7, 526-531.http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/23 20-7051.7491
Tilahun, S., Seo, M. H. & Jeong, C. S. (2017). Review on factors affecting the quality and antioxidant properties of tomatoes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 16(32), 1678-1687. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2017.16054
Usenik, V., Stampar, F. & Kastelec, D. (2013). Phytochemicals in fruits of two Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars during ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(3), 681-692. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf a.5783
Wei, D. & Zhao, X. H. (2020). Calcium maintained higher quality and enhanced resistance against chilling stress by regulating enzymes in reactive oxygen and biofilm metabolism of Chinese winter jujube fruit. Journal of Food Biochemistry, (4), e13161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13161
Yang, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, Q., Yin, X., Qian, M., Sun, X. & Yang, Y. (2017). Genome-wide survey indicates diverse physiological roles of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) calcium-dependent protein kinase genes. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05646-w
Youssef, K., Ligorio, A., Sanzani, S. M., Nigro, F. & Ippolito, A. (2012). Control of storage diseases of citrus by pre-and postharvest application of salts. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 72,57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.05.004
Zhao, Y. & Wang, C. (2015). Effect of calcium chloride in combination with salicylic acid on post-harvest freshness of apples. Food Science and Biotechnology, 24(3),1139-1146.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0145-5
Al-Qurashi, A. D. & Awad, M. A. (2019). Postharvest gibberellic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and calcium chloride dipping affect quality, antioxidant compounds, radical scavenging capacity and enzymes activities of ‘Grand Nain’ bananas during shelf life. Scientia Horticulturae, 253, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.20 19.04.044
AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition, The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Azad, M. A. K., Islam, M. S., Hossen, M. I. & Eaton, T. E. J. (2019). Yield and fruit quality of tomato as influenced by calcium and mulching in rooftop cultivation. Agricultural Sciences, 10(07), 893.
Barragán-Iglesias, J., Méndez-Lagunas, L. L., & Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. (2018). Ripeness indexes and physicochemical changes of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol) during ripening on-tree. Scientia Horticulturae, 236, 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.201 7.12.012
Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T. E., San Giovanni, J. P., Danis, R. P., Ferris, F. L., Elman, M. J. & Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group. (2014). Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3. JAMA Ophthalmology, 132(2), 142-149. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.7376.
Demes, R., Satheesh, N. & Fanta, S. W. (2021). Effect of different concentrations of the gibberellic acid and calcium chloride dipping on quality and shelf-life of Kochorovariety tomato. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(1), 335-349.
Dorais, M., Ehret, D. L. & Papadopoulos, A. P. (2008). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) health components: from the seed to the consumer. Phytochemistry Reviews, 7(2),231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-007-9085-x
Fan, X., Zhao, H., Wang, X., Cao, J. & Jiang, W. (2017). Sugar and organic acid composition of apricot and their contribution to sensory quality and consumer satisfaction. Scientia Horticulturae, 225, 553-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.07.016
Fouda, K. F. (2017). Effect of interaction among N forms and calcium sources on quality and chemical composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Egyptian Journal of Soil Science, 57(1), 61-71.
Frenkel, C. & Hartman, T. G. (2012). Decrease in fruit moisture content heralds and might launch the onset of ripening processes. Journal of Food Science, 77(10),S365-S376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17503841.2012.02910.x
Gaikwad, P. S., Yadav, B. K. & Sugumar, A. (2021). Fabrication of natural colorimetric indicators for monitoring freshness of ready-to-cook idli batter. Packaging Technology and Science, 34(4), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2550
Gao, Q., Xiong, T., Li, X., Chen, W., & Zhu, X. (2019). Calcium and calcium sensors in fruit development and ripening. Scientia Horticulturae, 253, 412-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.069
Guo, Q., Su, J., Xie, W., Tu, X., Yuan, F., Mao, L. & Gao, Y. (2020). Curcumin-loaded pea protein isolate-high methoxyl pectin complexes induced by calcium ions: Characterization, stability and in vitro digestibility. Food Hydrocolloids, 98, 105284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.1 05284
Haleema, B., Rab, A., Hussain, S. A., Sajid, M., Arif, M., Shah, S. T. & Basit, A. (2020). Influence of calcium concentrations and sources on the fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) at different storage conditions. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 29(3), 1866-1877.
Kaur, D., Sharma, R., Abas Wani, A., Singh Gill, B. & Sogi, D. S. (2006). Physicochemical changes in seven tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars during ripening. International Journal of Food Properties, 9(4), 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910600575716
Lobos, T. E., Retamales, J. B. & Hanson, E. J. (2021). Early preharvest calcium sprays improve postharvest fruit quality in ‘Liberty’ high bush blueberries. Scientia Horticulturae, 277,109790.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.202 0.109790
Madani, B., Mohamed, M. T. M., Watkins, C. B., Kadir, J., Awang, Y. & Shojaei, T. R. (2014). Preharvest calcium chloride sprays affect ripening of EksotikaII’ papaya fruits during cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 171, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.032
Moneruzzaman, K. M. Hossain, A. B. M. S., Sani, W. & Saifuddin, M. (2008). Effect of stages of maturity and ripening conditions on the biochemical characteristics of tomato. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4(4), 336-344.
Oz, A. T. & Ulukanli, Z. (2014). The Effects of Calcium Chloride and 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Shelf Life of Mulberries (Morus alba L.). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 38(3), 1279-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12089
Ranganna, S. (2000). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable Products Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Rathore, H. A., Masud, T., Sammi, S. & Soomro, A. H. (2007). Effect of storage on physico-chemical composition and sensory properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety Dosehari. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(2), 143-148.
Sajid, M., Ullah, I., Rab, A., Shah, S. T., Basit, A., Bibi, F. & Ahmad, M. (2020). 2. Foliar application of calcium improves growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivars. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 9(1), 10-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90002
Sotiropoulos, Thomas, Antonios Voulgarakis, Dionisios Karaiskos, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Ioannis Manthos, Olga Dichala & Areti Mpountla (2021). Foliar Calcium Fertilizers Impact on Several Fruit Quality Characteristics and Leaf and Fruit Nutritional Status of the ‘Hayward’ Kiwi fruit Cultivar." Agronomy 11,2:235. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020235
Soundharya, N., Srinivasan, S., Sivakumar, T. & Kamalkumaran, P. (2019). Effect of foliar application of nutrients and silicon on yield and quality traits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). International Journal of Pure Bioscience, 7, 526-531.http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/23 20-7051.7491
Tilahun, S., Seo, M. H. & Jeong, C. S. (2017). Review on factors affecting the quality and antioxidant properties of tomatoes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 16(32), 1678-1687. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2017.16054
Usenik, V., Stampar, F. & Kastelec, D. (2013). Phytochemicals in fruits of two Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars during ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(3), 681-692. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf a.5783
Wei, D. & Zhao, X. H. (2020). Calcium maintained higher quality and enhanced resistance against chilling stress by regulating enzymes in reactive oxygen and biofilm metabolism of Chinese winter jujube fruit. Journal of Food Biochemistry, (4), e13161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13161
Yang, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, Q., Yin, X., Qian, M., Sun, X. & Yang, Y. (2017). Genome-wide survey indicates diverse physiological roles of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) calcium-dependent protein kinase genes. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05646-w
Youssef, K., Ligorio, A., Sanzani, S. M., Nigro, F. & Ippolito, A. (2012). Control of storage diseases of citrus by pre-and postharvest application of salts. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 72,57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.05.004
Zhao, Y. & Wang, C. (2015). Effect of calcium chloride in combination with salicylic acid on post-harvest freshness of apples. Food Science and Biotechnology, 24(3),1139-1146.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0145-5
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Effect of different levels and sources of calcium on post harvest physiology of hybrid tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1357-1364. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3058
