Relationship between the monoamine oxidase gene overactivity and the other pathophysiological and behavioral parameters implicated in memory deficiency in albino Winstar rats as Alzheimer’s disease model
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Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the pathophysiology mechanisms that mediate the effect on albin winstar rats' memory induced by the co -administration of fluoride and aluminum sulfate, as a model of Alzheimer's disease. This was done by assessing monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity, antioxidant activity, H2O2 and amyloid-β concentration in the hippocampus, embedded deep into the brain's temporal lobe, and level of cytokines in serum. The polymerase chain reaction approach was used to genotyping MAO-A, followed by single -stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) coupled with sequencing technique. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: control and treated groups. The uptake of heavy metals led to significantly increased MAO-A activity, amyloid -β deposition, H2O2 and cytokines levels in the treated group. However, the finding showed a significant decrease in antioxidant activity in the treated group. The results indicated that metals caused memory and learning impairments. PCR -SSCP genotyping showed many SNPs and haplotypes of the MAO-A exon 2 region, which showed the MAO-A gene polymorphism changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The overall results indicated a role of metals to induce oxidative stress stimulating pathophysiological hallmarks in the hippocampus due to an increase in the influx of monoamine oxidase expression, which has been implicated in impaired memory, this study focused on the genetic variation of the exon 2 in monoamine oxidase-A gene and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease with the presence of several single nucleotide polymorphisms that may be related to Alzheimer's disease model in rats.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid –β. , Antioxidant enzyme, Cytokines, MAO–A gene
References
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Baranauskaite, J., Sadauskiene, I., Liekis, A., Kasauskas, A., Lazauskas, R., Zlabiene, U., Bernatoniene, J. (2020). Natural Compounds Rosmarinic Acid and Carvacrol Counteract Aluminium-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules, 25(8), 1807.
Bock, C., Walter, J., Paulsen, M., & Lengauer, T. (2007). CpG island mapping by epigenome prediction. PLoS Comput Biol, 3(6), e110.
CHabuk, H. A-H., Al-Harbi, H. J., & Al-Saadi, H. K. Z. (2019). Aluminum chloride administration Induced behavioral and physiological changes in adult male rats. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(10).
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Grandjean, P. (2019). Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review. Environmental Health, 18(1), 1–17.
Hajipour, S., Sarkaki, A., Farbood, Y., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., & Valizadeh, Z. (2016). Effect of gallic acid on dementia type of Alzheimer disease in rats: electrophysiological and histological studies. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 7(2), 97.
Han, S.-H., & Choi, D.-H. (2009). Effects of aluminum feedings on aluminum, phospholipid and catecholamine concentrations in old rat brain tissue. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture, 24(2), 236–243.
Hashim, H. O., & Al-Shuhaib, M. B. S. (2019). Exploring the potential and limitations of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP for SNP detection: A review. Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports, 6(4), 137–144.
Hung, A. S. M., Liang, Y., Chow, T. C. H., Tang, H. C., Wu, S. L. Y., Wai, M. S. M., & Yew, D. T. (2016). Mutated tau, amyloid and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease—A brief review. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 51(1), 1–8.
Hussien, H. M., Abd-Elmegied, A., Ghareeb, D. A., Hafez, H. S., Ahmed, H. E. A., & Abd El-moneam, N. (2018). Neuroprotective effect of berberine against environmental heavy metals-induced neurotoxicity and Alzheimer’s-like disease in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 111, 432–444.
Justin Thenmozhi, A., William Raja, T. R., Manivasagam, T., Janakiraman, U., & Essa, M. M. (2017). Hesperidin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis against aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nutritional Neuroscience, 20(6), 360–368.
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Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2006). The Psychopathology of Repeated Aggression: A Neurobiological Aspect.
Kumar, B., Prakash Gupta, V., & Kumar, V. (2017). A perspective on monoamine oxidase enzyme as drug target: challenges and opportunities. Current Drug Targets, 18(1), 87–97.
Lau, J. Y. F., Goldman, D., Buzas, B., Fromm, S. J., Guyer, A. E., Hodgkinson, C.,& Pine, D. S. (2009). Amygdala function and 5-HTT gene variants in adolescent anxiety and major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 65(4), 349–355.
Mustafa, H. N. (2020). Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease rat model. Journal of Histotechnology, 43(1), 11–20.
Naoi, M., Riederer, P., & Maruyama, W. (2016). Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression. Journal of Neural Transmission, 123(2), 91–106.
Nobakht, M., Hoseini, S. M., Mortazavi, P., Sohrabi, I., Esmailzade, B., Roosh, N. R., & Omidzahir, S. (2011). Neuropathological changes in brain cortex and hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 15(1–2), 51.
Passamonti, L., Cerasa, A., Gioia, M. C., Magariello, A., Muglia, M., Quattrone, A., & Fera, F. (2008). Genetically dependent modulation of serotonergic inactivation in the human prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage, 40(3), 1264–1273.
Prema, A., Justin Thenmozhi, A., Manivasagam, T., Mohamed Essa, M., & Guillemin, G. J. (2017). Fenugreek seed powder attenuated aluminum chloride-induced tau pathology, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 60(s1), S209–S220.
Promyo, K., Iqbal, F., Chaidee, N., & Chetsawang, B. (2020). Aluminum chloride-induced amyloid β accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat brain are averted by melatonin. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 146, 111829.
Sjöberg, R. L., Nilsson, K. W., Nordquist, N., Öhrvik, J., Leppert, J., Lindström, L., & Oreland, L. (2006). Development of depression: sex and the interaction between environment and a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 9(4), 443–449.
Toth, M., Tulogdi, A., Biro, L., Soros, P., Mikics, E., & Haller, J. (2012). The neural background of hyper-emotional aggression induced by post-weaning social isolation. Behavioural Brain Research, 233(1), 120–129.
Ul’yana, A. B., Bondar, N. P., Filipenko, M. L., & Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2013). Downregulation of serotonergic gene expression in the Raphe nuclei of the midbrain under chronic social defeat stress in male mice. Molecular Neurobiology, 48(1), 13–21.
Weinreb, O., Amit, T., Bar‐Am, O., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2016). Weinreb. British Journal of Pharmacology, 173(13), 2080–2094.
Wojtunik-Kulesza, K. A., Oniszczuk, A., Oniszczuk, T., & Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M. (2016). The influence of common free radicals and antioxidants on development of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 78, 39–49.
Xie, S., Chen, J., Li, X., Su, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., … Li, X. (2015). Synthesis and evaluation of selegiline derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitor, antioxidant and metal chelator against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23(13), 3722–3729.
Zandi, N., Pazoki, B., Roudsari, N. M., Lashgari, N.-A., Jamshidi, V., Momtaz, S., Akhondzadeh, S. (2021). Prospects of Saffron and its derivatives in Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM), 24(3).
Zhou, X., Li, Y., Shi, X., & Ma, C. (2016). An overview on therapeutics attenuating amyloid β level in Alzheimer’s disease: targeting neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress and enhanced cholesterol levels. American Journal of Translational Research, 8(2), 246.
Abd el‐Rady, N. M., Ahmed, A., Abdel-Rady, M. M., & Ismail, O. I. (2021). Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog improves neuronal and behavioral impairment and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of aluminum-induced dementia. Physiological Reports, 8(24), e14651.
Azad, N., Rasoolijazi, H., Joghataie, M. T., & Soleimani, S. (2011). Neuroprotective effects of carnosic acid in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Cell Journal (Yakhteh), 13(1), 39.
Baranauskaite, J., Sadauskiene, I., Liekis, A., Kasauskas, A., Lazauskas, R., Zlabiene, U., Bernatoniene, J. (2020). Natural Compounds Rosmarinic Acid and Carvacrol Counteract Aluminium-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules, 25(8), 1807.
Bock, C., Walter, J., Paulsen, M., & Lengauer, T. (2007). CpG island mapping by epigenome prediction. PLoS Comput Biol, 3(6), e110.
CHabuk, H. A-H., Al-Harbi, H. J., & Al-Saadi, H. K. Z. (2019). Aluminum chloride administration Induced behavioral and physiological changes in adult male rats. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(10).
Chester, D. S., DeWall, C. N., Derefinko, K. J., Estus, S., Peters, J. R., Lynam, D. R., & Jiang, Y. (2015). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype predicts greater aggression through impulsive reactivity to negative affect. Behavioural Brain Research, 283, 97–101.
Church, R. M., Miller, M. C., Freestone, D., Chiu, C., Osgood, D. P., Machan, J. T., Silverberg, G. D. (2014). Amyloid-beta accumulation, neurogenesis, behavior, and the age of rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 128(4), 523.
Endo, Y., Saito, Y., Otsuki, T., Takahashi, A., Nakata, Y., Okada, K., Takada, E. (2014). Persistent verbal and behavioral deficits after resection of the left supplementary motor area in epilepsy surgery. Brain and Development, 36(1), 74–79.
Godar, S. C., Fite, P. J., McFarlin, K. M., & Bortolato, M. (2016). The role of monoamine oxidase A in aggression: Current translational developments and future challenges. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 69, 90–100.
Grandjean, P. (2019). Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review. Environmental Health, 18(1), 1–17.
Hajipour, S., Sarkaki, A., Farbood, Y., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., & Valizadeh, Z. (2016). Effect of gallic acid on dementia type of Alzheimer disease in rats: electrophysiological and histological studies. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 7(2), 97.
Han, S.-H., & Choi, D.-H. (2009). Effects of aluminum feedings on aluminum, phospholipid and catecholamine concentrations in old rat brain tissue. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture, 24(2), 236–243.
Hashim, H. O., & Al-Shuhaib, M. B. S. (2019). Exploring the potential and limitations of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP for SNP detection: A review. Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports, 6(4), 137–144.
Hung, A. S. M., Liang, Y., Chow, T. C. H., Tang, H. C., Wu, S. L. Y., Wai, M. S. M., & Yew, D. T. (2016). Mutated tau, amyloid and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease—A brief review. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 51(1), 1–8.
Hussien, H. M., Abd-Elmegied, A., Ghareeb, D. A., Hafez, H. S., Ahmed, H. E. A., & Abd El-moneam, N. (2018). Neuroprotective effect of berberine against environmental heavy metals-induced neurotoxicity and Alzheimer’s-like disease in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 111, 432–444.
Justin Thenmozhi, A., William Raja, T. R., Manivasagam, T., Janakiraman, U., & Essa, M. M. (2017). Hesperidin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis against aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nutritional Neuroscience, 20(6), 360–368.
Kalra, J., Kumar, P., Majeed, A. B. A., & Prakash, A. (2016). Modulation of LOX and COX pathways via inhibition of amyloidogenesis contributes to mitoprotection against β-amyloid oligomer-induced toxicity in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 146, 1–12.
Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2006). The Psychopathology of Repeated Aggression: A Neurobiological Aspect.
Kumar, B., Prakash Gupta, V., & Kumar, V. (2017). A perspective on monoamine oxidase enzyme as drug target: challenges and opportunities. Current Drug Targets, 18(1), 87–97.
Lau, J. Y. F., Goldman, D., Buzas, B., Fromm, S. J., Guyer, A. E., Hodgkinson, C.,& Pine, D. S. (2009). Amygdala function and 5-HTT gene variants in adolescent anxiety and major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 65(4), 349–355.
Mustafa, H. N. (2020). Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease rat model. Journal of Histotechnology, 43(1), 11–20.
Naoi, M., Riederer, P., & Maruyama, W. (2016). Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression. Journal of Neural Transmission, 123(2), 91–106.
Nobakht, M., Hoseini, S. M., Mortazavi, P., Sohrabi, I., Esmailzade, B., Roosh, N. R., & Omidzahir, S. (2011). Neuropathological changes in brain cortex and hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 15(1–2), 51.
Passamonti, L., Cerasa, A., Gioia, M. C., Magariello, A., Muglia, M., Quattrone, A., & Fera, F. (2008). Genetically dependent modulation of serotonergic inactivation in the human prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage, 40(3), 1264–1273.
Prema, A., Justin Thenmozhi, A., Manivasagam, T., Mohamed Essa, M., & Guillemin, G. J. (2017). Fenugreek seed powder attenuated aluminum chloride-induced tau pathology, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 60(s1), S209–S220.
Promyo, K., Iqbal, F., Chaidee, N., & Chetsawang, B. (2020). Aluminum chloride-induced amyloid β accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat brain are averted by melatonin. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 146, 111829.
Sjöberg, R. L., Nilsson, K. W., Nordquist, N., Öhrvik, J., Leppert, J., Lindström, L., & Oreland, L. (2006). Development of depression: sex and the interaction between environment and a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 9(4), 443–449.
Toth, M., Tulogdi, A., Biro, L., Soros, P., Mikics, E., & Haller, J. (2012). The neural background of hyper-emotional aggression induced by post-weaning social isolation. Behavioural Brain Research, 233(1), 120–129.
Ul’yana, A. B., Bondar, N. P., Filipenko, M. L., & Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2013). Downregulation of serotonergic gene expression in the Raphe nuclei of the midbrain under chronic social defeat stress in male mice. Molecular Neurobiology, 48(1), 13–21.
Weinreb, O., Amit, T., Bar‐Am, O., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2016). Weinreb. British Journal of Pharmacology, 173(13), 2080–2094.
Wojtunik-Kulesza, K. A., Oniszczuk, A., Oniszczuk, T., & Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M. (2016). The influence of common free radicals and antioxidants on development of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 78, 39–49.
Xie, S., Chen, J., Li, X., Su, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., … Li, X. (2015). Synthesis and evaluation of selegiline derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitor, antioxidant and metal chelator against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23(13), 3722–3729.
Zandi, N., Pazoki, B., Roudsari, N. M., Lashgari, N.-A., Jamshidi, V., Momtaz, S., Akhondzadeh, S. (2021). Prospects of Saffron and its derivatives in Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM), 24(3).
Zhou, X., Li, Y., Shi, X., & Ma, C. (2016). An overview on therapeutics attenuating amyloid β level in Alzheimer’s disease: targeting neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress and enhanced cholesterol levels. American Journal of Translational Research, 8(2), 246.
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Relationship between the monoamine oxidase gene overactivity and the other pathophysiological and behavioral parameters implicated in memory deficiency in albino Winstar rats as Alzheimer’s disease model. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1274-1282. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3024
