Morphological and cultural characterization of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook)
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Abstract
Fungal blights are among the major concern for limiting the cultivation and production of many ornamental and flowering plants. Gerbera is an important cut flower with great export potential. However, it is infected by many pathogens in the protected cultivation. The severe infection of fungal blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler was observed in the polyhouse condition. Hence, in this study, critical morphological and cultural studies were done to understand the pathogen behaviour. The fungus A. alternata produced profuse mycelium on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with an average width of 4.42 ?m in diameter, conidiophores, conidia and intercalary chlamydospores measured as 42.26 x 4.29 ?m, 47.16 x 13.49 ?m and 7.22 ?m in diameter, respectively. The synthetic media viz., Leonions’s agar, Glucose-peptone agar and Sabourand’s agar and non-synthetic media, Oat meal agar and PDA were excellent for the mycelial growth and conidial production of A. alternata.
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Keywords
Alternaria alternata, Blight, Cultural characters, Gerbera jamesonii, Morphology
References
Akhtar, K.P., Saleem, M.Y., M. Asghar and M.A. Haq (2004). New report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf blight of tomato in Pakistan, New Disease Reports, 9: 43.
Bhorde, B.M. (2006). Studies on pathogen (A. alternata) associated with fruit rot of Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Chowdhry, P.N. and Varshney, A. (2000). Identification of different Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species. In manual on identification of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi of Agricultural importance (pp 73-78).P.N. Chowdhry (Ed), Center of Advance studies in plant pathology, Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi.
Deshmukh, A.N. (1998). Studies on leaf spot and fruit rot of chilli caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Farhood,S. and Hadian,S. (2012). First report of Alternaria leaf spot on Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) in North of Iran. Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(2): 621-624.
Gaikwad, B.S. (1987). Studies on fruit rot and leaf spot of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Ghosh, C.L. (1998). Studies on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Kalane, D.G. (1979). Studies on leaf blight of (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.), India.
Kapoor, J.N. and Hingorani, M.K. (1958). Alternaria leaf spot and fruit rot of brinjal. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 28: 109-114.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI.
Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. (1967). Methuen Handbook of colour. Publ. By Methuen and Co. Ltd., 11 Newsletter lane, London, E.C. 4.
Lonnaidis, N. M. and Main, C. E. (1973). Effect of culture medium on production and pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata conidia. Pl. Dis. Reptr., 57 (1): 39-42.
Mirkova, E. and Konstantinova, P., (2003). First report of Alternaria leaf spot on Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii H. Bolux ex J.D.Hook) in Bulgaria. Journal of Phyttopathology, 151(6): 323-328.
Munaut, F., Hamide, N. and Marate, H. (1997). A standardized microdroplet inoculation technique for analysis of the interaction between Colletotrichum gloeospoiroides and Stylosanthes guianensis. Parasitica, 53 (4): 117-125.
Nagrale D.T. (2007). Studies on blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Nagrale, D.T., Gaikwad, A.P., Goswami, S. and Sharma, L. (2012). Fungicidal management of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook). J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 4 (2): 220-227.
Narian, Avahesh, Swain, N.C., Sahoo, K.C., Dash, S.K. and Shukla, V.D. (1985). A new leaf blight and fruit rot of watermelon, Indian Phytopath., 38(1): 149-151.
Nowicki, M., Nowakowska,M., Niezgoda, A. and Kozik, E.(2012). Alternaria black spot of crucifers: Sympotoms, importance of disease and perspectives of resistance breeding, Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 76(1):5-19.
Pingale, A.P. (1996). Studies on Alternaria leaf spot of Feba bean (Vicia feba L.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Ramjegathesh, R. and Ebenezar, E.G. (2012). Morphological and physiological characters of Alternaria alternata causing leaf blight disease of onion. Int. J. Pl. Pathol., 3(2):34-44.
Rao, V.G. (1965). Alternaria tenuis auct. in Bombay- Maharashtra. Ibid. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 27: 257-260.
Rocha, J. de. R-de.S., Oliveira, N.T. de and Menezes, M. de. (1998). Comparison of inoculation methods efficiency for evaluation of Colletotrichum gloeospoiroides isolates pathogenicity on passion fruits (Passiflora edulis). Brazilian- Archives of Biol. and Technol. 41(1): 145-153.
Shinde, B.M. (1995). Investigation on leaf spot disease of soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) caused by Alternaria and Dreschslera. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Shinde, M.A. (2003). Studies on leaf spot of Aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Sonawane, C.S. (1983). Part-I Studies into Post harvest diseases of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Wellman, F.L. (1949). Successful spray control of Alternaria blight of petunias grown for seed in Costa Rica. Pl. Dis. Reptr., 33(2): 69-72.
Bhorde, B.M. (2006). Studies on pathogen (A. alternata) associated with fruit rot of Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Chowdhry, P.N. and Varshney, A. (2000). Identification of different Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species. In manual on identification of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi of Agricultural importance (pp 73-78).P.N. Chowdhry (Ed), Center of Advance studies in plant pathology, Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi.
Deshmukh, A.N. (1998). Studies on leaf spot and fruit rot of chilli caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Farhood,S. and Hadian,S. (2012). First report of Alternaria leaf spot on Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) in North of Iran. Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(2): 621-624.
Gaikwad, B.S. (1987). Studies on fruit rot and leaf spot of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Ghosh, C.L. (1998). Studies on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Kalane, D.G. (1979). Studies on leaf blight of (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.), India.
Kapoor, J.N. and Hingorani, M.K. (1958). Alternaria leaf spot and fruit rot of brinjal. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 28: 109-114.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI.
Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. (1967). Methuen Handbook of colour. Publ. By Methuen and Co. Ltd., 11 Newsletter lane, London, E.C. 4.
Lonnaidis, N. M. and Main, C. E. (1973). Effect of culture medium on production and pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata conidia. Pl. Dis. Reptr., 57 (1): 39-42.
Mirkova, E. and Konstantinova, P., (2003). First report of Alternaria leaf spot on Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii H. Bolux ex J.D.Hook) in Bulgaria. Journal of Phyttopathology, 151(6): 323-328.
Munaut, F., Hamide, N. and Marate, H. (1997). A standardized microdroplet inoculation technique for analysis of the interaction between Colletotrichum gloeospoiroides and Stylosanthes guianensis. Parasitica, 53 (4): 117-125.
Nagrale D.T. (2007). Studies on blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Nagrale, D.T., Gaikwad, A.P., Goswami, S. and Sharma, L. (2012). Fungicidal management of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook). J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 4 (2): 220-227.
Narian, Avahesh, Swain, N.C., Sahoo, K.C., Dash, S.K. and Shukla, V.D. (1985). A new leaf blight and fruit rot of watermelon, Indian Phytopath., 38(1): 149-151.
Nowicki, M., Nowakowska,M., Niezgoda, A. and Kozik, E.(2012). Alternaria black spot of crucifers: Sympotoms, importance of disease and perspectives of resistance breeding, Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 76(1):5-19.
Pingale, A.P. (1996). Studies on Alternaria leaf spot of Feba bean (Vicia feba L.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Ramjegathesh, R. and Ebenezar, E.G. (2012). Morphological and physiological characters of Alternaria alternata causing leaf blight disease of onion. Int. J. Pl. Pathol., 3(2):34-44.
Rao, V.G. (1965). Alternaria tenuis auct. in Bombay- Maharashtra. Ibid. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 27: 257-260.
Rocha, J. de. R-de.S., Oliveira, N.T. de and Menezes, M. de. (1998). Comparison of inoculation methods efficiency for evaluation of Colletotrichum gloeospoiroides isolates pathogenicity on passion fruits (Passiflora edulis). Brazilian- Archives of Biol. and Technol. 41(1): 145-153.
Shinde, B.M. (1995). Investigation on leaf spot disease of soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) caused by Alternaria and Dreschslera. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Shinde, M.A. (2003). Studies on leaf spot of Aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Sonawane, C.S. (1983). Part-I Studies into Post harvest diseases of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.
Wellman, F.L. (1949). Successful spray control of Alternaria blight of petunias grown for seed in Costa Rica. Pl. Dis. Reptr., 33(2): 69-72.
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Morphological and cultural characterization of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook). (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.302
