Phytotoxic effect of chrome liquor on growth and chlorophyll content of Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleid
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Abstract
The present study assessed the tolerance of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid (giant duckweed) exposed to different concentrations (5% -100%) of chrome liquor for 7 days. Physiological conditions of S.polyrrhizaplants were monitored daily by measuring fresh weight and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Fresh biomass of Spirodela plant showed concentration and duration dependent reduction with minimum value (5.71 g) reported on 7 d at 100% tannery effluent concentration. Likewise, significant reduction in chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content was
observed in concentration-duration dependent manner with maximum reduction reported to be 99.8% and 99.6% respectively on 7 d at 100% effluent concentration in comparison to control.
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Keywords
Chlorophyll, Chrome liquor, Spirodela, Tannery, Toxicity
References
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Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam, S. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ. Int., 31: 739-753.
Sinha, S., Saxena, R. and Singh, S. (2002). Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plants: Its toxic effects. Environ. Monit. Assess., 80: 17-31.
Tahir, S.S. and Naseem, R. (2007). Removal of Cr(III) from tannery waste water by adsorption onto bentonite clay. Separation and Purification Technology, 53: 312–321.
Vajpayee, P., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B., Tripathi, R.D., Yadav, V., Sinha, S. and Singh, S.N. (2001). Chromium-induced physiologic changes in Vallisneriaspiralis L. and its role in phytoremediation of tannery effluent. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 67: 246-256.
Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B. and Singh, S.N. (2000). Chromium (VI) accumulation reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and protein content in Nymphaea alba L. Chemosphere,41: 1075-1082.
Bajza, Z. and Vrcek, I.V. (2001).Water quality analysis of mixtures obtained from tannery waste effluents. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50 (1): 15–18.
Calheiros, C.S.C., Rangel, A.O.S.S. and Castro, P.M.L. (2008). The effects of tannery wastewater on the development of different plant species and chromium accumulation in Phragmites australis. Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. 55: 404–414.
Chandra, P. and Kulshreshtha, K. (2004).Chromium accumulation and toxicity in aquatic vascular plants. Botan. Rev. 70: 313–327.
Chen, A. and Nelands, J.B. (1973). Zinc an essential metal ion for beef liver ä-ALA dehydratase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1060-1063.
Dhir, B., Sharmila, P., PardhaSaradhi, P. and Nasim, S.A. (2009). Physiological and antioxidant responses of Salvinia natans exposed to chromium-rich wastewater. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72: 1790–1797.
Hafez, A. and El-Manharawy, S. (2004).Design and performance of the two-stage/two-pass RO membrane system for chromium removal from tannery wastewater. Part3.Desalination, 165: 141–151.
Keskitalo, J., Bergquist, G., Gardeström, P. and Jansson, S., (2005).A cellular timetable of autumn senescence.Plant Physiol. 139: 1635-1648.
Kuczynska , A . ,Wolska , L . and Namieoenik , J . (2005).Application of biotests in environmental research.Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 35: 135-154.
Lai, Q.X., Bao, Z.Y., Zhu, Z.J., Qian, Q.Q. and Mao, B.Z. (2007). Effects of osmotic stress on antioxidant enzymes activities in leaf discs of PSAG12-IPT modified gerbera. Journal of Zhejiang University Science,8(7): 458–464.
Malaviya, P. and Sharma, A. (2011). Effect of distillery effluent on yield attributes of Brassica napus L. J. Environ. Biol., 32: 385-389.
Malaviya, P. and Singh, A. (2011).Physico-chemical technologies for remediation of chromium-containing waters and wastewaters.Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 1111-1172.
Mwinyihija, M., Meharg, A., Dawson, J., Strachan N.J.C.and Killham, K. (2006). An ecotoxicological approach to assessing the impact of tanning industry effluent on river health. Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 50: 316-324.
Neocleous, D. and Minas, G.J. (2007). An in-vitro test for salt (NaCl) tolerance of red raspberry (Rubusidaeus L.) cultures. Acta Hort., 741: 289-294.
Prado, C., Rodríguez-Montelongo, L., González, J.A., Pagano, E.A., Hilal, M. and Prado, F. E. (2010). Uptake of chromium by Salvinia minima: Effect on plant growth, leaf respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177: 546–553.
Satyakala, G. and Jamil, K. (1992). Chromium induced biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms. and Pistia stratiotes L. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 48: 921–928.
Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam, S. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ. Int., 31: 739-753.
Sinha, S., Saxena, R. and Singh, S. (2002). Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plants: Its toxic effects. Environ. Monit. Assess., 80: 17-31.
Tahir, S.S. and Naseem, R. (2007). Removal of Cr(III) from tannery waste water by adsorption onto bentonite clay. Separation and Purification Technology, 53: 312–321.
Vajpayee, P., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B., Tripathi, R.D., Yadav, V., Sinha, S. and Singh, S.N. (2001). Chromium-induced physiologic changes in Vallisneriaspiralis L. and its role in phytoremediation of tannery effluent. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 67: 246-256.
Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B. and Singh, S.N. (2000). Chromium (VI) accumulation reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and protein content in Nymphaea alba L. Chemosphere,41: 1075-1082.
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How to Cite
Phytotoxic effect of chrome liquor on growth and chlorophyll content of Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleid. (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.301
