Toxicity of diatomaceous earth on seed weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and its effect on agro-morphological characters of maize seeds
Article Main
Abstract
Sitophilus oryzae L. (Curculionidae; Coleoptera) is considered to be a serious internal feeder of stored cereals. The use of insecticides results in the development of resistance among the pests and residues in the produce. Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is from a natural source, environment-friendly, safe to humans and natural enemies. In addition, it is highly effective against a wide range of stored pest species and has no toxic residues on the treated seeds. The promising alternative to synthetic insecticides is the application of DE in storage pest management under physical control. With this background, the present study was aimed to find the efficacy of DE against rice weevil, S. oryzae L. and their effect on the agro-morphological characters of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. Contact toxicity bioassays were carried out with different concentrations of DE against S. oryzae. The results of the bioassay studies revealed LD50 at the concentration of 1.27 mg/100 gm of maize seeds. Further, 100 per cent mortality was achieved at the dose of 15 mg/100 gm of maize seeds within six days of exposure. The effect of DE on the germination provided a significant increase in germinability of maize seeds (LD50= 94%, LD95= 98% and control= 96%). DE at the concentration of LD95 had a beneficial effect on the seedling parameters, especially germination% (98%) and seedling length (53.02 cm) of maize. The present study concluded that DE could be effectively utilised as an alternative management tool to chemical insecticides in the management of rice weevil under storage conditions.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Agro-morphological characters, Diatomaceous earth, Maize, Seeds, Sitophilus oryzae, Toxicity
References
Athanassiou, C. G., Kavallieratos, N. G. & Andris, N. S. (2004). Insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on oat, rye, and triticale. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(6), 2160-2167. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.6.2160.
Athanassiou, C. G., Kavallieratos, N. G., Vayias, B. J., Tsakiri, J. B., Mikeli, N. H., Meletsis, C. M. & Tomanovic, Z. (2008). Persistence and efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) on wheat and maize. Crop Protection, 27(10), 1303-1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.03.004
Athanassiou, C. G., Vayias, B. J., Dimizas, C. B., Kavallieratos, N. G., Papagregoriou, A. S. & Buchelos, C. T. (2005). Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.200 3.12.001
Badii, B. K., Adarkwah, C., Obeng-Ofori, D. & Ulrichs, C. (2014). Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum Harms): influence of dosage rate and relative humidity. Journal of pest science, 87(2), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0548-0
Desmarchelier, J. M. & Dines, J. C. (1987). Dryacide treatment of stored wheat: its efficacy against insects, and after processing. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 27(2), 309-312. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9870309
Ebeling, W. (1971). Sorptive dusts for pest control. Annual Review of Entomology, 16(1),123-158. https://doi.or g/10.1146/annurev.en.16.010171.001011
El-Aziz, A. & El-Ghany, A. (2018). Impact of Diatomaceous Earth Modifications for Controlling the Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(3), 519-531
Erturk, S., Atay, T., Toprak, U. & Alkan, M. (2020). The efficacy of different surface applications of wettable powder formulation of Detech® diatomaceous earth against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 89, 101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101725
Fields, P.G. & Muir, W.E. (1996). Physical Control. In Subramanyam & D.W. Hagstrum (Eds.), Integrated Management of Insect in Stored Products. (pp. 195-221). New York: Marcel-Dekker Inc.
Gad, H. A., Al-Anany, M. S. & Abdelgaleil, S. A. (2020). Enhancement the efficacy of spinosad for the control Sitophilus oryzae by combined application with diatomaceous earth and Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 88, 101663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101663
Govindaraju, K., Tamilselvan, S., Kannan, M., Kathickeyan, D., Doron, S. & Sumit, C (2020). Nano-micronutrients [γ-Fe 2 O 3 (iron) and ZnO (zinc)]: green preparation, characterization, agro-morphological characteristics and crop productivity studies in two crops (rice and maize). New Journal of Chemistry, 44(26), 11373-11383. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ02634D
International Seed Testing Association. (1999). International rules for seed testing. Rules 1999 (No. Suppl).
Islam, M. S., Hasan, M. M., Lei, C., Mucha-Pelzer, T., Mewis, I. & Ulrichs, C. (2010). Direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the storage pests Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Pest Science, 83(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-009-0276-7
Korunic, Z. (1997). Rapid assessment of the insecticidal value of diatomaceous earths without conducting bioassays. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33(3), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00004-0
Korunic, Z. & Fields, P. (1998). U.S. Patent No. 5,773,017. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Korunic, Z. & Fields, P. G. (2006, October). Susceptibility of three species of Sitophilus to diatomaceous earth. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Stored-Product Protection. ABRAPOS, Rodovia (pp. 681-686).
Korunic, Z., Fields, P. G., Timlick, B., Ormesher, P. & Van Natto, C. (1997). The enhanced diatomaceous earth, a safe, effective and long-lasting grain protectant. Food and Agriculture Organization. In Presented at Food and Agriculture Organization, VIII Round Table on Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses, Columbia, Cartagena.
Korunic, Z., Rozman, V., Liska, A. & Lucic, P. (2017). Laboratory tests on insecticidal effectiveness of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, diatomaceous earth and amorphous silica gel against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and their effect on wheat bulk density. Poljopr. Agric, 23, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.23.1.1
Maceljski, M. & Korunic, Z. (1972). The Effectiveness against Stored-Product Insects of Inert Dusts, Insect Pathogens, Temperature and Humidity. Zagreb, Croatia. Project No. E30-MQ-1. Grant USDA/YU No. FG -YU - 130. Final Report of Institute for Plant Protection.
Mewis, I. & Ulrichs, C. (2001). Action of amorphous diatomaceous earth against different stages of the stored product pests Tribolium confusum, Tenebrio molitor, Sitophilus granarius and Plodia interpunctella. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.10 16/S0022-474X(00)00016-3
Mills-Ibibofori, T., Dunn, B., Maness, N. & Payton, M. (2019). Use of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Horticulturae, 5(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010021
Omobowale, M. O. & Akomolafe, O. P. (2021). Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth and Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Oil in Storage of Cowpea under Ventilated and Non-ventilated Conditions. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i330658
Pati, S., Pal, B., Badole, S., Hazra, G. C. & Mandal, B. (2016). Effect of silicon fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(3), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.108 0/00103624.2015.1122797
Prasantha, B. R., Reichmuth, C., Adler, C. & Felgentreu, D. (2015). Lipid adsorption of diatomaceous earths and increased water permeability in the epicuticle layer of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)(Chrysomelidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 64, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.201 5.08.0 03
Shah, M. A. & Khan, A. A. (2014). Use of diatomaceous earth for the management of stored-product pests. International journal of pest management, 60(2), 100-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2014.918674
Subramanyam, B. & Roesli, R. (2000). Inert dusts. In Alternatives to pesticides in stored-product IPM (pp. 321-380). Springer, Boston, MA. http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_12
Sun, Y., Xu, J., Miao, X., Lin, X., Liu, W. & Ren, H. (2021). Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79723-y
Tadese, A. (1997). Arthropods associated with stored maize and farmers' management practices in the Bako area, Western Ethiopia. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia (Ethiopia).
Ziaee, M., Ebadollahi, A. & Wakil, W. (2019). Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection. Toxin reviews, 1-16.
Athanassiou, C. G., Kavallieratos, N. G., Vayias, B. J., Tsakiri, J. B., Mikeli, N. H., Meletsis, C. M. & Tomanovic, Z. (2008). Persistence and efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) on wheat and maize. Crop Protection, 27(10), 1303-1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.03.004
Athanassiou, C. G., Vayias, B. J., Dimizas, C. B., Kavallieratos, N. G., Papagregoriou, A. S. & Buchelos, C. T. (2005). Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.200 3.12.001
Badii, B. K., Adarkwah, C., Obeng-Ofori, D. & Ulrichs, C. (2014). Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum Harms): influence of dosage rate and relative humidity. Journal of pest science, 87(2), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0548-0
Desmarchelier, J. M. & Dines, J. C. (1987). Dryacide treatment of stored wheat: its efficacy against insects, and after processing. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 27(2), 309-312. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9870309
Ebeling, W. (1971). Sorptive dusts for pest control. Annual Review of Entomology, 16(1),123-158. https://doi.or g/10.1146/annurev.en.16.010171.001011
El-Aziz, A. & El-Ghany, A. (2018). Impact of Diatomaceous Earth Modifications for Controlling the Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(3), 519-531
Erturk, S., Atay, T., Toprak, U. & Alkan, M. (2020). The efficacy of different surface applications of wettable powder formulation of Detech® diatomaceous earth against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 89, 101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101725
Fields, P.G. & Muir, W.E. (1996). Physical Control. In Subramanyam & D.W. Hagstrum (Eds.), Integrated Management of Insect in Stored Products. (pp. 195-221). New York: Marcel-Dekker Inc.
Gad, H. A., Al-Anany, M. S. & Abdelgaleil, S. A. (2020). Enhancement the efficacy of spinosad for the control Sitophilus oryzae by combined application with diatomaceous earth and Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 88, 101663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101663
Govindaraju, K., Tamilselvan, S., Kannan, M., Kathickeyan, D., Doron, S. & Sumit, C (2020). Nano-micronutrients [γ-Fe 2 O 3 (iron) and ZnO (zinc)]: green preparation, characterization, agro-morphological characteristics and crop productivity studies in two crops (rice and maize). New Journal of Chemistry, 44(26), 11373-11383. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ02634D
International Seed Testing Association. (1999). International rules for seed testing. Rules 1999 (No. Suppl).
Islam, M. S., Hasan, M. M., Lei, C., Mucha-Pelzer, T., Mewis, I. & Ulrichs, C. (2010). Direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the storage pests Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Pest Science, 83(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-009-0276-7
Korunic, Z. (1997). Rapid assessment of the insecticidal value of diatomaceous earths without conducting bioassays. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33(3), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00004-0
Korunic, Z. & Fields, P. (1998). U.S. Patent No. 5,773,017. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Korunic, Z. & Fields, P. G. (2006, October). Susceptibility of three species of Sitophilus to diatomaceous earth. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Stored-Product Protection. ABRAPOS, Rodovia (pp. 681-686).
Korunic, Z., Fields, P. G., Timlick, B., Ormesher, P. & Van Natto, C. (1997). The enhanced diatomaceous earth, a safe, effective and long-lasting grain protectant. Food and Agriculture Organization. In Presented at Food and Agriculture Organization, VIII Round Table on Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses, Columbia, Cartagena.
Korunic, Z., Rozman, V., Liska, A. & Lucic, P. (2017). Laboratory tests on insecticidal effectiveness of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, diatomaceous earth and amorphous silica gel against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and their effect on wheat bulk density. Poljopr. Agric, 23, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.23.1.1
Maceljski, M. & Korunic, Z. (1972). The Effectiveness against Stored-Product Insects of Inert Dusts, Insect Pathogens, Temperature and Humidity. Zagreb, Croatia. Project No. E30-MQ-1. Grant USDA/YU No. FG -YU - 130. Final Report of Institute for Plant Protection.
Mewis, I. & Ulrichs, C. (2001). Action of amorphous diatomaceous earth against different stages of the stored product pests Tribolium confusum, Tenebrio molitor, Sitophilus granarius and Plodia interpunctella. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.10 16/S0022-474X(00)00016-3
Mills-Ibibofori, T., Dunn, B., Maness, N. & Payton, M. (2019). Use of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Horticulturae, 5(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010021
Omobowale, M. O. & Akomolafe, O. P. (2021). Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth and Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Oil in Storage of Cowpea under Ventilated and Non-ventilated Conditions. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i330658
Pati, S., Pal, B., Badole, S., Hazra, G. C. & Mandal, B. (2016). Effect of silicon fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(3), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.108 0/00103624.2015.1122797
Prasantha, B. R., Reichmuth, C., Adler, C. & Felgentreu, D. (2015). Lipid adsorption of diatomaceous earths and increased water permeability in the epicuticle layer of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)(Chrysomelidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 64, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.201 5.08.0 03
Shah, M. A. & Khan, A. A. (2014). Use of diatomaceous earth for the management of stored-product pests. International journal of pest management, 60(2), 100-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2014.918674
Subramanyam, B. & Roesli, R. (2000). Inert dusts. In Alternatives to pesticides in stored-product IPM (pp. 321-380). Springer, Boston, MA. http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_12
Sun, Y., Xu, J., Miao, X., Lin, X., Liu, W. & Ren, H. (2021). Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79723-y
Tadese, A. (1997). Arthropods associated with stored maize and farmers' management practices in the Bako area, Western Ethiopia. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia (Ethiopia).
Ziaee, M., Ebadollahi, A. & Wakil, W. (2019). Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection. Toxin reviews, 1-16.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Toxicity of diatomaceous earth on seed weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and its effect on agro-morphological characters of maize seeds. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1180-1186. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3003
