Effect of biochar composite and organic sources on soil properties and yield of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Article Main
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a possible and potential tool for soil fertility improvement, climate change mitigation and long term sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Soil application of biochar enhances the soil properties indirectly. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of organic manures viz., Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermicompost, Biochar, Biochar composite on soil properties, growth and yield of bhendi, Abelmoschus esculentus in Somayyanur soil series of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatments and three replications during the summer season (March – June) 2021 with the inclusion of inorganic fertilizers based on soil test crop response (STCR) based recommendation. Application of biochar composite (5 t ha-1) along with STCR based NPK (75% STCR) increased the total carbon content in soil by 0.538 %. This, in turn, increased the available nitrogen status to 295 and 244 Kg ha-1 at 40 and 70 DAS, respectively. Similarly, the available phosphorous (22.4, 19.3 Kg ha-1) and potassium (344.70, 323.70 Kg ha-1) status also showed a considerable increase with the same treatment. The yield attributes of bhendi viz., fruit length, girth, weight, dry matter production and yield recorded maximum values of 15.23 cm, 6.93 cm, 21.56 g, 11.9 t ha-1 and 25.20 t ha-1 with the combined application of biochar composite and NPK. The findings revealed that 25 % STCR based NPK could be reduced with the application of 5 t ha-1 of biochar composite, which is economically an option besides promoting soil health.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Bhendi, Biochar, Biochar composite, Total carbon, Yield
References
Adekiya, A. O., Agbede, T. M., Ejue, W. S., Aboyeji, C. M., Dunsin, O., Aremu, C. O. & Adesola, O. O. (2020). Biochar, poultry manure and NPK fertilizer: sole and combine application effects on soil properties and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) performance in a tropical Alfisol. Open Agriculture, 5(1), 30-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0004
Allison, L. E., Bollen, W. B. & Moodie, C. D. (1965). Total carbon. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9, 1346-1366. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c38
Bornemann, L. C., Kookana, R. S. & Welp, G. (2007). Differential sorption behaviour of aromatic hydrocarbons on charcoals prepared at different temperatures from grass and wood. Chemosphere, 67(5), 1033-1042.
Chen, W., Meng, J., Han, X., Lan, Y. & Zhang, W. (2019). Past, present, and future of biochar. Biochar, 1(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/S42773-019-00008-3
Di, W. U., Yanfang, F. E. N. G., Lihong, X. U. E., Manqiang, L. I. U., Bei, Y. A. N. G., Feng, H. U. & Linzhang, Y. A. N. G. (2019). Biochar combined with vermicompost increases crop production while reducing ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy soil. Pedosphere, 29(1), 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60050-5
Dos Santos Farias, D. B., de Freitas, M. I., Tadeu Lucas, A. A. & Silva Gonzaga, M. I. (2020, March). Biochar and its impact on soil properties, growth and yield of okra plants. Colloquium Agrariae, 16 (2), 29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n2.a356
Edrisi, S. A., El-Keblawy, A. & Abhilash, P. C. (2020). Sustainability analysis of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC based restoration of degraded land in North India. Land, 9(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9020059
El-Naggar, A., Lee, S. S., Rinklebe, J., Farooq, M., Song, H., Sarmah, A. K. & Ok, Y. S. (2019). Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects. Geoderma, 337, 536-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.034
Gokila, B. (2017). Climate Change Impact on Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility of Maize in Sandy Clay Loam as Influenced by Biochar and Inorganic Nutrients in Typic Haplustalf. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 3150-3159. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.369
Gupta, R. P. & Dakshinamoorthy, C. (1980). Procedures for physical analysis of soil and collection of agrometeorological data. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 293.
Hossain, M. F. (2019). Effect of biochar and fertilizer application on the growth and nutrient accumulation of rice and vegetable in two contrast soils. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3, 74-83.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis prentice hall of India. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 498.
Jiang, Z., Lian, F., Wang, Z. & Xing, B. (2020). The role of biochars in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(2), 520-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz301
Kannan, P., Arunachalam, P., Prabukumar, G. & Govindaraj, M. (2013). Biochar an alternate option for crop residues and solid waste disposal and climate change mitigation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(21), 2403-2412. https://doi.org/5897 /AJAR12.2083
Kannan, P., Paramasivan, M., Marimuthu, S., Swaminathan, C. & Bose, J. (2021). Applying both biochar and phosphobacteria enhances Vigna mungo L. growth and yield in acid soils by increasing soil pH, moisture content, microbial growth and P availability. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 308, 107258. http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1016/j.agee.2020.107258
Lindsay, W. L. & Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil science society of America Journal, 42(3), 421-428.
Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. & Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 12(3), 369-376.
Oldfield, T. L., Sikirica, N., Mondini, C., López, G., Kuikman, P. J. & Holden, N. M. (2018). Biochar, compost and biochar-compost blend as options to recover nutrients and sequester carbon. Journal of environmental management, 218, 465-476.
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (No. 939). US Department of Agriculture.
Pandian, K., Subramaniayan, P., Gnasekaran, P., & Chitraputhirapillai, S. (2016). Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(9), 1293-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2016.1139086
Patnaik, P., Abbasi, T. & Abbasi, S. A. (2017). Prosopis (Prosopis juliflora): blessing and bane. Tropical Ecology, 58(3), 455-483.
Pemberton, H. (1945). Estimation of total phosphorus. Journal of American Chemical Society, 15, 383-395.
Piper, C. S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis, Hans. Publication. Bombay. Asian Edition, 368-374.
Shenbagavalli, S., & Mahimairaja, S. (2012). Characterization and effect of biochar on nitrogen and carbon dynamics in soil. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 2(2), 249-255.
Silber, A., Levkovitch, I. & Graber, E. R. (2010). pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of corn straw biochar: agronomic implications. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(24), 9318-9323.
Singh Mavi, M., Singh, G., Singh, B. P., Singh Sekhon, B., Choudhary, O. P., Sagi, S. & Berry, R. (2018). Interactive effects of rice-residue biochar and N-fertilizer on soil functions and crop biomass in contrasting soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 18(1), 41-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162018005 00 0201
Stanford, G. & English, L. (1949). Use of the flame photometer in rapid soil tests for K and Ca. Agronomy Journal, 41(9), 446-447.
Subhaiaih, B. B. & Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25, 259-260.
Subedi, R., Bertora, C., Zavattaro, L. & Grignani, C. (2017). Crop response to soils amended with biochar: expected benefits and unintended risks. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 12, 161-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.201 7.794
Tsutomu, I., Takashi, A., Kuniaki, K. & Kikuo, O. (2004). Comparison of removal efficiencies for ammonia and amine gases between woody charcoal and activated carbon. Journal of Health Science, 50(2), 148-153.
Vaccari, F. P., Maienza, A., Miglietta, F., Baronti, S., Di Lonardo, S., Giagnoni, L. & Genesio, L. (2015). Biochar stimulates plant growth but not fruit yield of processing tomato in a fertile soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 207, 163-170. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.agee.20 15.04.015
Whitman, T., Pepe-Ranney, C., Enders, A., Koechli, C., Campbell, A., Buckley, D. H. & Lehmann, J. (2016). Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter. International Society for Microbial Ecology, 10(12), 2918-2930.
Allison, L. E., Bollen, W. B. & Moodie, C. D. (1965). Total carbon. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9, 1346-1366. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c38
Bornemann, L. C., Kookana, R. S. & Welp, G. (2007). Differential sorption behaviour of aromatic hydrocarbons on charcoals prepared at different temperatures from grass and wood. Chemosphere, 67(5), 1033-1042.
Chen, W., Meng, J., Han, X., Lan, Y. & Zhang, W. (2019). Past, present, and future of biochar. Biochar, 1(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/S42773-019-00008-3
Di, W. U., Yanfang, F. E. N. G., Lihong, X. U. E., Manqiang, L. I. U., Bei, Y. A. N. G., Feng, H. U. & Linzhang, Y. A. N. G. (2019). Biochar combined with vermicompost increases crop production while reducing ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy soil. Pedosphere, 29(1), 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60050-5
Dos Santos Farias, D. B., de Freitas, M. I., Tadeu Lucas, A. A. & Silva Gonzaga, M. I. (2020, March). Biochar and its impact on soil properties, growth and yield of okra plants. Colloquium Agrariae, 16 (2), 29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n2.a356
Edrisi, S. A., El-Keblawy, A. & Abhilash, P. C. (2020). Sustainability analysis of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC based restoration of degraded land in North India. Land, 9(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9020059
El-Naggar, A., Lee, S. S., Rinklebe, J., Farooq, M., Song, H., Sarmah, A. K. & Ok, Y. S. (2019). Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects. Geoderma, 337, 536-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.034
Gokila, B. (2017). Climate Change Impact on Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility of Maize in Sandy Clay Loam as Influenced by Biochar and Inorganic Nutrients in Typic Haplustalf. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 3150-3159. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.369
Gupta, R. P. & Dakshinamoorthy, C. (1980). Procedures for physical analysis of soil and collection of agrometeorological data. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 293.
Hossain, M. F. (2019). Effect of biochar and fertilizer application on the growth and nutrient accumulation of rice and vegetable in two contrast soils. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3, 74-83.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis prentice hall of India. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 498.
Jiang, Z., Lian, F., Wang, Z. & Xing, B. (2020). The role of biochars in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(2), 520-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz301
Kannan, P., Arunachalam, P., Prabukumar, G. & Govindaraj, M. (2013). Biochar an alternate option for crop residues and solid waste disposal and climate change mitigation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(21), 2403-2412. https://doi.org/5897 /AJAR12.2083
Kannan, P., Paramasivan, M., Marimuthu, S., Swaminathan, C. & Bose, J. (2021). Applying both biochar and phosphobacteria enhances Vigna mungo L. growth and yield in acid soils by increasing soil pH, moisture content, microbial growth and P availability. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 308, 107258. http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1016/j.agee.2020.107258
Lindsay, W. L. & Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil science society of America Journal, 42(3), 421-428.
Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. & Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 12(3), 369-376.
Oldfield, T. L., Sikirica, N., Mondini, C., López, G., Kuikman, P. J. & Holden, N. M. (2018). Biochar, compost and biochar-compost blend as options to recover nutrients and sequester carbon. Journal of environmental management, 218, 465-476.
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (No. 939). US Department of Agriculture.
Pandian, K., Subramaniayan, P., Gnasekaran, P., & Chitraputhirapillai, S. (2016). Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(9), 1293-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2016.1139086
Patnaik, P., Abbasi, T. & Abbasi, S. A. (2017). Prosopis (Prosopis juliflora): blessing and bane. Tropical Ecology, 58(3), 455-483.
Pemberton, H. (1945). Estimation of total phosphorus. Journal of American Chemical Society, 15, 383-395.
Piper, C. S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis, Hans. Publication. Bombay. Asian Edition, 368-374.
Shenbagavalli, S., & Mahimairaja, S. (2012). Characterization and effect of biochar on nitrogen and carbon dynamics in soil. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 2(2), 249-255.
Silber, A., Levkovitch, I. & Graber, E. R. (2010). pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of corn straw biochar: agronomic implications. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(24), 9318-9323.
Singh Mavi, M., Singh, G., Singh, B. P., Singh Sekhon, B., Choudhary, O. P., Sagi, S. & Berry, R. (2018). Interactive effects of rice-residue biochar and N-fertilizer on soil functions and crop biomass in contrasting soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 18(1), 41-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162018005 00 0201
Stanford, G. & English, L. (1949). Use of the flame photometer in rapid soil tests for K and Ca. Agronomy Journal, 41(9), 446-447.
Subhaiaih, B. B. & Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25, 259-260.
Subedi, R., Bertora, C., Zavattaro, L. & Grignani, C. (2017). Crop response to soils amended with biochar: expected benefits and unintended risks. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 12, 161-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.201 7.794
Tsutomu, I., Takashi, A., Kuniaki, K. & Kikuo, O. (2004). Comparison of removal efficiencies for ammonia and amine gases between woody charcoal and activated carbon. Journal of Health Science, 50(2), 148-153.
Vaccari, F. P., Maienza, A., Miglietta, F., Baronti, S., Di Lonardo, S., Giagnoni, L. & Genesio, L. (2015). Biochar stimulates plant growth but not fruit yield of processing tomato in a fertile soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 207, 163-170. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.agee.20 15.04.015
Whitman, T., Pepe-Ranney, C., Enders, A., Koechli, C., Campbell, A., Buckley, D. H. & Lehmann, J. (2016). Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter. International Society for Microbial Ecology, 10(12), 2918-2930.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Effect of biochar composite and organic sources on soil properties and yield of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(4), 1198-1205. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.2972
