Effect of soil and crop management practices on sodicity stress alleviation and rice productivity under water scarce condition
Article Main
Abstract
The prominent issue faced by the farmers of Cauvery Delta regionin Tamil Nadu particularly Tiruchirapalli District is the lack of timely release of water for rice nursery preparation and transplanting. Hence wet seeding of rice is recommended for timely cultivation. On the other hand, sodic nature of the soil warrants rice cultivation only. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the different soil and crop management practices on alleviating sodicity stress and improving rice (variety ADT 3) productivity under water-scarce conditions. The experiment was laid in a split plot design with six mainplots,including rice wet seeding, daincha (Sesbania aculeata) application as green manure, anti-oxidant microbial consortia (AOMC) spray and four sub-plots with graded levels of NPK based on soil test values with three replication. Results showed that the daincha incorporation @ 6.25 t/ha followed by rice wet seeding + AOMC spray @1.5 % with 125 % soil test based NPK had significantly increased thechlorophyll content, SPAD values, proline content and grain and straw yields which remained on par with daincha incorporation @ 6.25 t/ha followed by rice wet seeding + AOMC spray @1.5 % with 100 % soil test based NPK.Significantly lower ESP at 5% level and higher phosphatase activity in soil was also recorded by daincha incorporation @ 6.25 t/ha followed by rice wet seeding + AOMC spray @1.5 % with 125 % and 100 % soil test based NPK. Gross return, net return and B:C ratio were also higher in the plot, which received daincha incorporation @6.25 t/ha followed by rice wet seeding + AOMC spray @1.5 % with 100 % soil test based NPK. The present study reveals that the inclusion of ectophytic microbial population spray in rice plants and the management practices helps the crop to tolerate the sodicity stress under water-scarce condition by maintaining required physiological functions like proline synthesis and enzyme activities etc which need to be further explored at the genotypic level.
Article Details
Article Details
Anti-oxidant microbes, Daincha green manuring, Sodicity, Wet Seeded rice
Ansary, M.H., Rahmani, H.A., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejad, F., Habibi, D. & Mafakheri, S. (2012). Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescent on proline and phytohormonal status of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress. Annal Biol. Res., 3, 1054–1062.
Arora, M., Kaushik, A., Rani, N.& Kaushik, C.P. (2010) Effect of cyano-bacterial exopolysaccharides on salt stress alleviation and seed germination. J. Environ. Biol., 31, 701–704.
Ashraf, M. & Foolad, M.R. 2007. Roles of glycine, betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot., 59, 206–216.
Ashraf, M. A., Iqbal, M., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I., Perveen, S. & Mahmood, S. (2018). Dynamic proline metabolism: Importance and Regulation in Water Limited Environments. In: Plant metabolites and regulation under environmental stress, Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc., 323-336. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812689-9.00016-9
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. &Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205–207.https://doi.org/10.1007 /BF00018060
Bray, E.A., Bailey-Serres, J. &Weretilnyk, E. (2000) Responses to abiotic stresses. In: Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RL (eds) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, pp 1158–1203
Casida, J.r., L. E., Klein, D. A. & Santoro, T. (1964). Soil dehydrogenase activity. Sscience, 98, 371-376.
Chen,T., Shabala, S., Niu, Y., Chen, Z.H.,Shabala, L., Meinke, H., Venkataraman, G., Pareek, A., Xu, J. & Zhou, M. (2021). Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice, The Crop Journal, 9, 506-520.
Chithra, L. & Janaki, P. (1999). Combined effect of organic wastes and inorganic nutrients on the nutrient uptake and yield of rice in kar and pishanam seasons. Oryza 36, 327-330
Damodaran, T., Rai, R.B., Jha, S.K., Kannan, R., Pandey, B.K.,Vijayalaxmi Sah, Mishra, V.K. & Sharma, D.K. (2014) Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladiolus grown in sodic soils, Journal of Plant Interactions, 9, 577-584, DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2013.873958.
Gomez, K. A. &A. A. Gomez. (2010). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. International Rice Research Institute. A Wiley-interscience Publication. Johnwiley& Sons, New York.
Islam, M.M., Urmi, T.A., Rana, M.S., Alam, M.S. & Haque, M.M. (2019). Green manuring effects on crop morpho-physiological characters, rice yield and soil properties. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 25, 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0624-2
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis.Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., NewDelhi. IInd Indian reprint.1-498.
Janaki, P. &Thiyagarajan, T.M. (2005). Effect of N management approaches and planting densities on nitrogen accumulation by transplanted rice. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 53, 405-415.
Janaki, P., Thiyagarajan, T.M. & V Balasubramanian. (2000). Effect of planting density on chlorophyll meter-based N management in transplanted rice. International Rice Research Notes., 25, 24-27.
Janaki, P., Brindhavani, P.M, & D. Udhayanandini. (2020). Standard methods of characterizing saline/sodic soils and poor quality water. In: Book on “Technological Advances in enhancing productivity of salt affected soils. Today and Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers. Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002. ISBN. 9788170196686.
Kumar, P. & Sharma, P.K. (2020) Soil salinity and food security in India. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 4, 533781. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.20 20.533781
Kumar, S., Samiksha, & Sukul, P. (2020). Green manuring and its role in soil health management. B. Giri, A. Varma (eds.), Soil Health, Soil Biology, 59, 219-241. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. 10.1007/978-3-030-44364-1_13.Latha, M.R. & Janaki, P. (2015). Problem soils and their management. In: Hand Book on e-Velanmai for Extension Professionals Edtd. C. Karthikeyan, H. Philip and M. Senthil Kumar. Published a by TNAU offset Printing Press, Coimbatore. ISBN No: 978-93-83799-23-7.
Lou, W.P., Wu, L.H., Chen, H.Y. & Ji, Z.W. (2012). Assessment of rice yield loss due to torrential rain: A case study of Yuhang Country, Zhejiang Province, China. Natural Hazards, 60, 311–320.
Mallikarjun, M. &Maity, S.K. (2018). Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil biological properties in kharif rice. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 7, 1531-1537.
MohamedFaten, M. & Abou-Zeid, M. Y.(2011). Integrated effect of some biofertilizers and proline for improvement of rice productivity under saline sodic soil conditions. Egypt . J. of Appl. Sci., 26, 363-378.
Natarajan, S.K., Zhu, W., Liang, X., Zhang, L., Demers, A.J., Zimmerman, M.C., Simpson, M.A. & Becker, D.F.(2012). Proline dehydrogenase is essential for proline protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 53,1181–1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 /j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.002.
Osman, H.S., Salah M. G., Mohssen E., Alaa E.D.O., Ahmed M.A.E., Usama A. A. & Emad M. H.(2021). Interactive Impacts of beneficial microbes and Si-Zn nanocomposite on growth and productivity of soybean subjected to water deficit under salt-affected soil conditions. Plants, 10, 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071396
Pawar S. K., Kumbhar, G. A. & Dahiphale, S. B. (2016). The effect of crop residues, green manuring and gypsum on sequestration of carbon in soils of Purna Valley. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(4): 1549-1553.
Rahman, A., S. B., Nahar, K., Jubayer Mahmud, A., Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, S. and Fujita, M. (2017). Salt stress tolerance in rice: emerging role of exogenous phytoprotectants. In: Jinquan Li (Eds.), Advances in International Rice Research - March 2017. https://doi.or g/10.5772/67098
Rais, A., Jabeen, Z., Shair, F., Hafeez, F. Y. & Hassan, M. N. (2017). Bacillus spp., a bio-control agent enhances the activity of anti-oxidant defense enzymes in rice against Pyriculariaoryzae. PloS one, 12, e0187412. https://doi.o rg/10.1371/journal.pone.0187412
Sajid Hussain, Jun-huaZhang, Chu Zhong, Lian-feng Zhu, Xiao-chuang Cao, Sheng-miaoYu, James Allen Bohr, Ji-jieHu & Qian-yuJin. (2017). Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways: A review, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 2357-2374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61608-8.
Shultana, R, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mohd R. Yusop, Halimi Mohd Saud, & Ayanda, A.F. (2020). Effect of salt-tolerant bacterial inoculations on rice seedlings differing in salt-tolerance under saline soil conditions. Agronomy 10, 1030. doi:10.3390/ agronomy10071030.
Singh, K., Singh, B., & Singh, R. R. (2013). Effect of land rehabilitation on physico-chemical and microbial properties of a sodic soil. CATENA, 109, 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2013.05.006.
Singh, Y.P., Mishra, V.K., Sudhanshu Singh, Sharma, D.K., Singh, D., Singh, U.S., Singh, R.K., Haefele, S.M. & Ismail, A.M.(2016). Productivity of sodic soils can be enhanced through the use of salt tolerant rice varieties and proper agronomic practices, Field Crops Research, 190:82-90, https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.fcr.2016.02.007.
Swarup, A. (1987). Effect of presubmergence and green manuring (Sesbania aculeata) on nutrition and yield of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) on a sodic soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 5, 203-208.
Tabatabai, M. A. &Bremner, J. M. (1969).Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1, 301-307.
Tabatabai, M. A. & Bremner, J. M. (1972). Assay of urease activity in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 4, 479-487.
Yoshida, S., Forno, D. A. & Cock, J. H. (1971). Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. IRRI, Philippines, pp.36- 37
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
