Biochemical indices to monitor health status with respect to reproductive cycle of Melanochelys trijuga
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Abstract
Blood analysis can provide information regarding the physiological condition of an individual animal or population health as a whole. The present investigation analyzed clinical laboratory data of soluble organic substances of plasma namely triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT/ aspartate amionotransferase) and albumin of Asian pond turtle Melanochelys trijuga. Using multiple samples measures of analysis and variance was determined. M. trijuga exhibited variation in biochemical parameters with respect to reproductive cycle. Biochemical profiles of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, SGPT and albumin values found to be high in preparative period and minimum in recrudescent period of the reproductive cycle. This indicates that the preparative period is the stage where the animals prepare for the forth coming reproductive period. The level of triglycerides and cholesterol varied independently. All the parameters fluctuated with in normal range. The data may be useful to evaluate the health status of the turtle for veterinary care and conservation.
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Keywords
Albumin, Biochemical parameters, Reproductive cycle, Triglyceride, Turtle
References
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Anonymous. (2000). Guidelines for care and use of animals in scientific research. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy.
Bolten, A.B. and Bjorndal, K.A. (1992).Blood profiles for a wild population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Southern Bahamas: Size- specific relationships. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 28(3):407-413.
Bolten, A.B., Jacobson, E.R. and Bjorndal, K.A. (1992). Effects of anticoagulant and auto analyzer on blood biochemical values of loggerhead sea turtle. American Journal of Vetternary Research, 53:2224-2227.
Chandavar, V.R. and Naik, P.R. (2008). Immunocytochemical localisation of pancreatic endocrine cell and reproductive cycle in the turtle, Melanochelys trijuga. Journal of Biosciences, 33(2):239-247.
Chandavar, V.R. and Naik, P.R. (2012).Variation in thyroid activity with respect to annual seasonal cycle of reproduction in turtle Melanochelys trijuga. International Journal of Life Sciences & Pharma Research, 2(3):126-134.
Chaffin, K., Norton, T. M., Gilardi, K., Poppenga, R., Jensen, J.B., Moler, P., Cray, C., Dierenfeld, E.S., Chen, T., Oliva, M., Origgi, F.C., Gibbs, S., Mazzaro, L. and Mazet, J. (2008). Health assessment of free-ranging alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temmincikii) in Georgia and Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44(3):670-686.
Crawford, K.M. (1994).Patterns of energy substrate utilisation in overwintering painted turtles, Chrysemys picta. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology, 495-502.
Das, I. and Bhupathy, S. (2009). Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger 1812) Indian Black Turtle. Conservation Biology of freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. Chelonian Research foundation. 8th December, 038.1.
Deem, S.L., Norton, T.M., Mitchell, M., Segars, Al., Alleman, A.R., Cray, C., Poppenga, R.H., Dodd, M. and Karesh, W.B. (2009). Comparison of blood values in foraging, nesting, and stranded Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the coast of Georgia, USA. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(1):41-56.
Delgado, C., Valente, A., Quaresma, I., Costa, M. and Dellinger, T. (2011). Blood biochemistry reference values for wild juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Madeira archipelago. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 523-529.
Dessauer, H.C. (1970). Blood chemistry of reptiles: physiological and evolutionary aspects. In: Gans C, ed. Biology of the reptilian. volume III. Academic Press, New York.1-54.
Dias, M.T., Oliveira-Junior, A.A., Silva, M.G., Marcon, J.L. and Barcellos, J.F.M. (2009). Comparative hematological and biochemical analysis of giant turtles from the Amazon farmed in poor and normal nutritional conditions. Veterinarski arhiv, 79(6):601-610.
Eisenhawer, E., Courtney, C.H., Raskin, R.E. and Jacobson, E. (2008). Relationship between separation times of plasma from heparinised whole blood on plasma biochemical analytes of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)[abstract]. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 208-215.
Fossati, P. and Lorenzo, P. (1982). Serum Triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 2077.
Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. and Fredrickson, D.S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 18:499-502.
Gelli, D., Ferrari, V., Zanella, A., Arena, P., Pozzi, L., Nannarelli, S., Vaccaro, C., Bernardini, D., Romagnoli, S. (2008). Establishing physiological blood parameters in the loggerhead sea turtle (Carette Caretta). European Journal of Wildlife Research, doi:10.1007/s10344-008-0214-7.
Metin, K., Turkozan, O., Kargin, F., Basnmoglu, K.Y., Taskavak, E. and Koca, S. (2006). Blood cell morphology and plasma biochemistry of the captive european pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 75:49-55.
Metin, K., Basnmoglu, K.Y., Kargnn, K.F., Koca, S. and Türkozan, O. (2008). Blood cell morphology and plasma biochemistry of captive Mauremys caspica (Gmelin,1774) and Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833). Acta Veterinaria Brno, 77:163-174.
Omonona, A.O., Olukole ,S.G. and Fushe, F.A. (2011). Haematology and serum biochemical parameters in free - ranging African side neck turtle (Pelusios sinuatus) in Ibadan,Nigeria. Acta Herpetolgica, 6(2):267-274.
Perrault, J.R., Miller, D.L., Eads, E., Johnson, C., Merrill, A. et al. (2012). Maternal health status correlates with nest success of leatherback sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida.;PLoS ONE 7(2): e31841. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031841
Rohilla, M.S. and Tiwari, P.K. (2008). Simple method of blood sampling from Indian freshwater turtles for genetic studies. Acta Herpetologica, 3(1):65-69.
Sandhu, M.S., Waterworth, D.M., Debenham, S.L., Wheeler, E., Papadakis, K., Zhao, J.H. (2008). LDL-cholesterol concentrations: a genome-wide association study. Lancet, 371:483-491.
Teitz, N. (1976). Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. W. B Saunders Co, Philadelphia. 335-337.
Zaias, J., Norton, T., Fickel, A., Spratt, J., Altman, N.H. and Cray, C. (2006). Biochemical and hematologic values for 18 clinically healthy radiated tortoises(Geochelone radiata) on St Catherines Island,Georgia. Veternary Clinical Pathology, 35(2):321-325.
Anonymous. (2000). Guidelines for care and use of animals in scientific research. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy.
Bolten, A.B. and Bjorndal, K.A. (1992).Blood profiles for a wild population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Southern Bahamas: Size- specific relationships. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 28(3):407-413.
Bolten, A.B., Jacobson, E.R. and Bjorndal, K.A. (1992). Effects of anticoagulant and auto analyzer on blood biochemical values of loggerhead sea turtle. American Journal of Vetternary Research, 53:2224-2227.
Chandavar, V.R. and Naik, P.R. (2008). Immunocytochemical localisation of pancreatic endocrine cell and reproductive cycle in the turtle, Melanochelys trijuga. Journal of Biosciences, 33(2):239-247.
Chandavar, V.R. and Naik, P.R. (2012).Variation in thyroid activity with respect to annual seasonal cycle of reproduction in turtle Melanochelys trijuga. International Journal of Life Sciences & Pharma Research, 2(3):126-134.
Chaffin, K., Norton, T. M., Gilardi, K., Poppenga, R., Jensen, J.B., Moler, P., Cray, C., Dierenfeld, E.S., Chen, T., Oliva, M., Origgi, F.C., Gibbs, S., Mazzaro, L. and Mazet, J. (2008). Health assessment of free-ranging alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temmincikii) in Georgia and Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44(3):670-686.
Crawford, K.M. (1994).Patterns of energy substrate utilisation in overwintering painted turtles, Chrysemys picta. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology, 495-502.
Das, I. and Bhupathy, S. (2009). Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger 1812) Indian Black Turtle. Conservation Biology of freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. Chelonian Research foundation. 8th December, 038.1.
Deem, S.L., Norton, T.M., Mitchell, M., Segars, Al., Alleman, A.R., Cray, C., Poppenga, R.H., Dodd, M. and Karesh, W.B. (2009). Comparison of blood values in foraging, nesting, and stranded Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the coast of Georgia, USA. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(1):41-56.
Delgado, C., Valente, A., Quaresma, I., Costa, M. and Dellinger, T. (2011). Blood biochemistry reference values for wild juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Madeira archipelago. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 523-529.
Dessauer, H.C. (1970). Blood chemistry of reptiles: physiological and evolutionary aspects. In: Gans C, ed. Biology of the reptilian. volume III. Academic Press, New York.1-54.
Dias, M.T., Oliveira-Junior, A.A., Silva, M.G., Marcon, J.L. and Barcellos, J.F.M. (2009). Comparative hematological and biochemical analysis of giant turtles from the Amazon farmed in poor and normal nutritional conditions. Veterinarski arhiv, 79(6):601-610.
Eisenhawer, E., Courtney, C.H., Raskin, R.E. and Jacobson, E. (2008). Relationship between separation times of plasma from heparinised whole blood on plasma biochemical analytes of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)[abstract]. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 208-215.
Fossati, P. and Lorenzo, P. (1982). Serum Triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 2077.
Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. and Fredrickson, D.S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 18:499-502.
Gelli, D., Ferrari, V., Zanella, A., Arena, P., Pozzi, L., Nannarelli, S., Vaccaro, C., Bernardini, D., Romagnoli, S. (2008). Establishing physiological blood parameters in the loggerhead sea turtle (Carette Caretta). European Journal of Wildlife Research, doi:10.1007/s10344-008-0214-7.
Metin, K., Turkozan, O., Kargin, F., Basnmoglu, K.Y., Taskavak, E. and Koca, S. (2006). Blood cell morphology and plasma biochemistry of the captive european pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 75:49-55.
Metin, K., Basnmoglu, K.Y., Kargnn, K.F., Koca, S. and Türkozan, O. (2008). Blood cell morphology and plasma biochemistry of captive Mauremys caspica (Gmelin,1774) and Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833). Acta Veterinaria Brno, 77:163-174.
Omonona, A.O., Olukole ,S.G. and Fushe, F.A. (2011). Haematology and serum biochemical parameters in free - ranging African side neck turtle (Pelusios sinuatus) in Ibadan,Nigeria. Acta Herpetolgica, 6(2):267-274.
Perrault, J.R., Miller, D.L., Eads, E., Johnson, C., Merrill, A. et al. (2012). Maternal health status correlates with nest success of leatherback sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida.;PLoS ONE 7(2): e31841. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031841
Rohilla, M.S. and Tiwari, P.K. (2008). Simple method of blood sampling from Indian freshwater turtles for genetic studies. Acta Herpetologica, 3(1):65-69.
Sandhu, M.S., Waterworth, D.M., Debenham, S.L., Wheeler, E., Papadakis, K., Zhao, J.H. (2008). LDL-cholesterol concentrations: a genome-wide association study. Lancet, 371:483-491.
Teitz, N. (1976). Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. W. B Saunders Co, Philadelphia. 335-337.
Zaias, J., Norton, T., Fickel, A., Spratt, J., Altman, N.H. and Cray, C. (2006). Biochemical and hematologic values for 18 clinically healthy radiated tortoises(Geochelone radiata) on St Catherines Island,Georgia. Veternary Clinical Pathology, 35(2):321-325.
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How to Cite
Biochemical indices to monitor health status with respect to reproductive cycle of Melanochelys trijuga. (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.291
