Isolation and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, a wilt causing fungus, for its pathogenic and non-pathogenic nature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
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Abstract
Collection of soil and plant samples from nine different geographical locations in Uttar Pradesh state of India was made. Composite soil was analyzed for its nutrient status. A total of sixty isolates of Fusarium species were recovered from the soil and plant samples. Among these, thirty nine isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of their morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity test was conducted on tomato variety Pant T-3, disease incidence ranged from zero to 78.74%. Among F. oxysporum isolates, five were non pathogenic and three were found strongly pathogenic.Non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect against most pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum. The results showed that the Isolate no. 40 showed the highest antagonistic activity in inhibiting radial growth of pathogenic isolates.
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Keywords
Antagonistic Fusarium, Biocontrol, Diversity, Tomato, Vascular wilt
References
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Benhamou, N. and Garand, C. (2001). Cytological analysis of defenserelated mechanisms induced in pea root tissues in response to colonization by the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47. Phytopathology, 91: 730-740.
Booth, C. (1971). The Genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. (Kew).
Chuang, T. Y. (1991) Soil suppressive of banana Fusarium wilt in Taiwan. Plant protection Bulletin (Taiwan, Roc). 33: 133-141.
Donnell, K. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia., 92: 919-938.
Doohan, F. M. (1998)., The use of species-specific PCR-based assays to analyze Fusarium ear blight of wheat. Plant Pathology, 47: 197–205.
Edel, V., Steinberg, C., Gautheron, N. and Alabouvette, C. (2000). Ribosomal DNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe and PCR assay specific for Fusarium oxysporum. Mycological Research, 104: 518–26.
Groenewald, S. (2006). Biology, pathogenicity and diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. University of Pretoria etd. 153: 2-3.
He, C. Y., Hsing, T. and Wolin, D. J. (2002). Induction of systemic disease resistence and pathogen defense response in Asparagus officinalis inoculated with nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Pathology, 51: 225-230.
Kwasna, H. and Bateman, G. L. (2005). Aberrant growth and conidiation in wild-type cultures of Fusarium species from wheat. Journal of Phytopathology., 153: 1-7.
Larkin, R. P. and Fravel, D .R. (1999). Mechanisms of action and dose-response relationships governing biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by nonpathogenic Fusarium spp. Phytopathology., 89: 1152-1161.
Mark, M. (2002). Mechanisms of natural soil suppressiveness to soilborne diseases. Kluwer Academic Publishers., 81: 557–564.
Kennelly, M. (2007). Wilt, Nematode, and Virus Diseases. Kansas State University, 723pp.
Minuto, A., Migheli, Q. and Garibaldi, A (1995a). Evaluation of antagonistic strains of Fusarium spp. in the biological and integrated control Fusarium wilt of cyclamen. Crop Protection, 14: 221-226.
Minuto, A., Migheli, Q. and Garibaldi, A (1995b). Preliminary trials on biological control of Fusarium wilt of basil. Acta Horticulturae, 382: 173-177.
Mishra, K. P., Fox, R. T. V. and Culham, A. (2003). Development of a PCR based assay for rapid and reliable identification of pathogenic F. oxysporum. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 218: 329–32.
Ofunne, J. I. (1999). Bacteriological examination of clinical specimens. Achugo publications, Ama J.K. Recreation park, Owerri, Nigeria.
Ortoneda, M., Guarro, J., Marta, P. M., Caracuel, Z. M., Roncero, I. G., Mayayo, E. and Antonio, D. P. (2004). Fusarium oxysporum as a multihost model for the genetic dissection of fungal virulence in plants and mammals, Infect Immun., 72(3): 1760–1766.
Nel, B., Steinberg, C., Labuschagne, N. and Viljoen, A. (2006). Isolation and characterization of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates from the rhizosphere of healthy banana plants. Plant Pathology, 55: 207–216.
Olsen, S. R., Cole,C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extracting with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 9Thirty nine. U.S.Gov. Print. Office, Washington D.C.
Park, C. S., Paulitz, T. C. and Baker, R. (1988). Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cucumber resulting from interactions between Pseudomonas putida and non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology , 78: 190-4.
Raeder, U. and Broda, P. (1985). Rapid preparation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1: 17–20.
Reid, T. C., Hausbeck, M. K. and Kizilkaya, K. (2002). Use of fungicides and biological control in the suppression of Fusarium crown root rot of asparagus under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. Plant Disease, 86: 493-498.
Saleem, A., Hamid, K., Tariq, A. H. and Jamil, F. F. (2000). Chemical control of root and collar rot of chillies. Pak. J. Phytopathology, 12: 1-5.
Silva, J. C. and Wagner, B. (2005). Potential of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Fitopatol. Bras., 30: 409-412.
Snyder,W. and Hanson, H. (1940). The species concept in Fusarium . American Journal of Botany, 27: 64–67.
Srobar, S. (1978). The influence of temperature and pH on the growth of mycelium of the causative agents of Fusarioses in the wheat in Slovakia Czechoslovakia. Sbornik- Ustav- Vedeckotechnickych-Informaci-Ochrana-Rostlin, 14: 269-274.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25: 259–260.
Walkey, A. and Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29–38.
Benhamou, N. and Garand, C. (2001). Cytological analysis of defenserelated mechanisms induced in pea root tissues in response to colonization by the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47. Phytopathology, 91: 730-740.
Booth, C. (1971). The Genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. (Kew).
Chuang, T. Y. (1991) Soil suppressive of banana Fusarium wilt in Taiwan. Plant protection Bulletin (Taiwan, Roc). 33: 133-141.
Donnell, K. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia., 92: 919-938.
Doohan, F. M. (1998)., The use of species-specific PCR-based assays to analyze Fusarium ear blight of wheat. Plant Pathology, 47: 197–205.
Edel, V., Steinberg, C., Gautheron, N. and Alabouvette, C. (2000). Ribosomal DNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe and PCR assay specific for Fusarium oxysporum. Mycological Research, 104: 518–26.
Groenewald, S. (2006). Biology, pathogenicity and diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. University of Pretoria etd. 153: 2-3.
He, C. Y., Hsing, T. and Wolin, D. J. (2002). Induction of systemic disease resistence and pathogen defense response in Asparagus officinalis inoculated with nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Pathology, 51: 225-230.
Kwasna, H. and Bateman, G. L. (2005). Aberrant growth and conidiation in wild-type cultures of Fusarium species from wheat. Journal of Phytopathology., 153: 1-7.
Larkin, R. P. and Fravel, D .R. (1999). Mechanisms of action and dose-response relationships governing biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by nonpathogenic Fusarium spp. Phytopathology., 89: 1152-1161.
Mark, M. (2002). Mechanisms of natural soil suppressiveness to soilborne diseases. Kluwer Academic Publishers., 81: 557–564.
Kennelly, M. (2007). Wilt, Nematode, and Virus Diseases. Kansas State University, 723pp.
Minuto, A., Migheli, Q. and Garibaldi, A (1995a). Evaluation of antagonistic strains of Fusarium spp. in the biological and integrated control Fusarium wilt of cyclamen. Crop Protection, 14: 221-226.
Minuto, A., Migheli, Q. and Garibaldi, A (1995b). Preliminary trials on biological control of Fusarium wilt of basil. Acta Horticulturae, 382: 173-177.
Mishra, K. P., Fox, R. T. V. and Culham, A. (2003). Development of a PCR based assay for rapid and reliable identification of pathogenic F. oxysporum. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 218: 329–32.
Ofunne, J. I. (1999). Bacteriological examination of clinical specimens. Achugo publications, Ama J.K. Recreation park, Owerri, Nigeria.
Ortoneda, M., Guarro, J., Marta, P. M., Caracuel, Z. M., Roncero, I. G., Mayayo, E. and Antonio, D. P. (2004). Fusarium oxysporum as a multihost model for the genetic dissection of fungal virulence in plants and mammals, Infect Immun., 72(3): 1760–1766.
Nel, B., Steinberg, C., Labuschagne, N. and Viljoen, A. (2006). Isolation and characterization of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates from the rhizosphere of healthy banana plants. Plant Pathology, 55: 207–216.
Olsen, S. R., Cole,C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extracting with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 9Thirty nine. U.S.Gov. Print. Office, Washington D.C.
Park, C. S., Paulitz, T. C. and Baker, R. (1988). Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cucumber resulting from interactions between Pseudomonas putida and non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology , 78: 190-4.
Raeder, U. and Broda, P. (1985). Rapid preparation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1: 17–20.
Reid, T. C., Hausbeck, M. K. and Kizilkaya, K. (2002). Use of fungicides and biological control in the suppression of Fusarium crown root rot of asparagus under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. Plant Disease, 86: 493-498.
Saleem, A., Hamid, K., Tariq, A. H. and Jamil, F. F. (2000). Chemical control of root and collar rot of chillies. Pak. J. Phytopathology, 12: 1-5.
Silva, J. C. and Wagner, B. (2005). Potential of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Fitopatol. Bras., 30: 409-412.
Snyder,W. and Hanson, H. (1940). The species concept in Fusarium . American Journal of Botany, 27: 64–67.
Srobar, S. (1978). The influence of temperature and pH on the growth of mycelium of the causative agents of Fusarioses in the wheat in Slovakia Czechoslovakia. Sbornik- Ustav- Vedeckotechnickych-Informaci-Ochrana-Rostlin, 14: 269-274.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25: 259–260.
Walkey, A. and Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29–38.
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How to Cite
Isolation and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, a wilt causing fungus, for its pathogenic and non-pathogenic nature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). (2013). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.290
