Imaging and visualising nanometre scale surface geometry of a crystalline mineral (SiO2) in monochromatic spectra
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Abstract
Digital microphotography and image analysis is considered as an important tool in sedimentology and mineralogy for the assessment of physical characteristics at micro and nano level. In this paper the present authors attempted to apply digital imaging technique to visualise the surface geometry of Quartz at nanometre scale. For that purpose a quartz specimen was picked up from microphotography of a thick section of sediment layer and 1?m X 1 ?m base image was prepared for digital operation with sophisticated software. Reflectance capacity of the particle has been considered to measure the surface condition. An automated contour plotting was done from the base image. Surface condition was also analysed by reflective radiance measurement. Four images based on greyscale, black body law, pseudo colour composition and landscape were prepared for detailed assessment of quartz nanomorphology. A 3D image was also consulted for understanding the geometry of the surface of quartz.
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Keywords
Quartz, Nanoscale, Imaging, Reflectance, Monochromatic, Surface geometry
References
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Bohlen, S.R. and Boettcher, A.L.(1982). The quartz-coesite transformation: a precise determination and the effects of other components. Journal of Geophysical Research: 87(B8):7073-7078.
Botis, S., Nokhrin, S.M., Pan, Y., Xu, Y., and Bonli, T. (2005) Natural radiation-induced damage in quartz. I. Correlations between cathodoluminence colors and paramagnetic defects. Canadian Mineralogist, 43:1565-1580.
Bryant, R.G. and Davidson, D.A. (1996). The use of image analysis in the micromorphological study of old cultivated soils: an evaluation based on a case study from the island of Papa Stour, Shetland; Journal of Archaeological Science, 23:811-822
Carpenter, M.A., Salje, E.K.H., Gaeme-Barber, A., Wruck, B., Dove, M.T., and Knight, K.S. (1998a). Calibration of excess thermodynamic properties and elastic constant variations associated with the a - ß phase transition in quartz. American Mineralogist, 83:2-22.
Cooper, M.C. (1998). The use of digital image analysis in the study of laminated sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology, 19: 33-40
Frazer, B. H., Girasole, M.L., Wiese, M., Franz T. and De Stasio G.(2004). Spectromicroscope for the PHotoelectron Imaging of Nanostructures with X- rays (SPHINX): performance in biology, medicine and geology, Ultramicroscopy, 99 : 87-94.
Feigl, F.J. and Anderson, J.H. (1970). Defects in crystalline quartz: electron paramagnetic resonance of E’ vacancy centers associated with germanium impurities. Journal of Physics
and Chemistry of Solids, 31:575-596.
Götze, J., Plötze, M., Fuchs, H., and Habermann, D. (2001). Origin, spectral characteristics and practical applications of the cathodoluminescence (CL) of quartz - a review. Mineralogy and Petrology, 71:225-250.
Götze, J., Plötze, M., and Trautmann, T. (2005). Structure and luminescence characteristics of quartz from pegmatites. American Mineralogist, 90:13-21.
Jiang, H., Ramunno-Johnson, D., Song, C., Amirbekian, B., Kohmura, Y., Nishino, Y. Takahashi, Y., Ishikawa, T. and Miao J. (2008). Nanoscale Imaging of Mineral Crystals inside Biological Composite Materials Using X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy; Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.038103,
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Katz, A.J. and Thompson, A.H. (1985). Fractal sandstone pores: implications for conductivity and pore formation; Physical Review Letters, 54, Pp-1325-1328.
Jacquin C.G and Adler, P.M. (1987). Geometry of porous geological structures; Transport in Porous Media 2, 571-596.
Menzies, J., and Maltman, A. J., (1992). Microstructures in diamictons–Evidence of subglacial bed conditions. Geomorphology, 6 : 27–40.
Onasch, C.M. and Vennemann, T.W. (1995). Disequilibrium partitioning of oxygen isotopes associated with sector zoning in quartz. Geology, 23: 1103-1106.
Rice, S.J. (1969). Quartz family minerals. California Division of Mines and Geology. Mineral Information Service, 22: 35-38.
Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Deniélou, L., Petitet, J.P., and Téqui, C. (1982). Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite, and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta , 46:2639-2658.
Rink, W.J., Rendell, H., Marseglia, E.A., Luff, B.J., and Townsend, P.D. (1993). Thermoluminescence spectra of igneous quartz and hydrothermal vein quartz. Physics and Chemistry of Mineral,:20:353-361.
Serebrennikov, A.J., Valter, A.A., Mashkovtsev, R.I., and Scherbakova, M.Ya. (1982). The investigation of defects in shock-metamorphosed quartz. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 8:155-157.
Sprunt, E.S. (1981). Causes of quartz cathodoluminescence colours. Scan. Elec. Micros., 525-535.
Stevens Kalceff, M.A. and Phillips, M.R. (1995) Cathodoluminescence microcharacterization of the defect structure of quartz. Physics Review, B 52: 3122-3134.
Udubasa, G.,Constantinescu, S., Popescu-Pogrion, N., Hirtopanu1, P. and Udubasa, S.S. (2007). Nano-minerals identification by different physical techniques. Romanian Reports in Physics, 59: ( 3) 819–824.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1987). Micromorphology of glacial sediments as a tool in distinguishing genetic varieties of till; Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 3, Pp- 77–89.
van der Meer, J. J. M. and Laban, C. (1990). Micromorphology of some North Sea till samples, a pilot study; Journal of Quaternary Science, 5 : 95–101.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1993). Microscopic evidence of subglacial deformation, Quaternary Science Reviews, 12 : 553–587.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1996). Micromorphology, in Menzies; J., ed., Glacial environments, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinmann, 2: Pp. 335–355.
Vernon, R. H. (2004): A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Wong, P.Z., Howard, J.and Lin J.S. (1986). Surface roughening and the fractal nature of rocks; Physical Review Letters, 57: 637-640.
Bale, H.D and Schmidt, P.W. (1984).Small-angle X-ray scattering investigation of submicroscopic porosity with fractal properties. Physical Review Letters, 53: 596-599
Bohlen, S.R. and Boettcher, A.L.(1982). The quartz-coesite transformation: a precise determination and the effects of other components. Journal of Geophysical Research: 87(B8):7073-7078.
Botis, S., Nokhrin, S.M., Pan, Y., Xu, Y., and Bonli, T. (2005) Natural radiation-induced damage in quartz. I. Correlations between cathodoluminence colors and paramagnetic defects. Canadian Mineralogist, 43:1565-1580.
Bryant, R.G. and Davidson, D.A. (1996). The use of image analysis in the micromorphological study of old cultivated soils: an evaluation based on a case study from the island of Papa Stour, Shetland; Journal of Archaeological Science, 23:811-822
Carpenter, M.A., Salje, E.K.H., Gaeme-Barber, A., Wruck, B., Dove, M.T., and Knight, K.S. (1998a). Calibration of excess thermodynamic properties and elastic constant variations associated with the a - ß phase transition in quartz. American Mineralogist, 83:2-22.
Cooper, M.C. (1998). The use of digital image analysis in the study of laminated sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology, 19: 33-40
Frazer, B. H., Girasole, M.L., Wiese, M., Franz T. and De Stasio G.(2004). Spectromicroscope for the PHotoelectron Imaging of Nanostructures with X- rays (SPHINX): performance in biology, medicine and geology, Ultramicroscopy, 99 : 87-94.
Feigl, F.J. and Anderson, J.H. (1970). Defects in crystalline quartz: electron paramagnetic resonance of E’ vacancy centers associated with germanium impurities. Journal of Physics
and Chemistry of Solids, 31:575-596.
Götze, J., Plötze, M., Fuchs, H., and Habermann, D. (2001). Origin, spectral characteristics and practical applications of the cathodoluminescence (CL) of quartz - a review. Mineralogy and Petrology, 71:225-250.
Götze, J., Plötze, M., and Trautmann, T. (2005). Structure and luminescence characteristics of quartz from pegmatites. American Mineralogist, 90:13-21.
Jiang, H., Ramunno-Johnson, D., Song, C., Amirbekian, B., Kohmura, Y., Nishino, Y. Takahashi, Y., Ishikawa, T. and Miao J. (2008). Nanoscale Imaging of Mineral Crystals inside Biological Composite Materials Using X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy; Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.038103,
Hansen, J.P. and Skjeltrop, A.P. (1988). Fractal pore space and rock permeability implications; Physical Review, B, 38, 2635-2638.
Katz, A.J. and Thompson, A.H. (1985). Fractal sandstone pores: implications for conductivity and pore formation; Physical Review Letters, 54, Pp-1325-1328.
Jacquin C.G and Adler, P.M. (1987). Geometry of porous geological structures; Transport in Porous Media 2, 571-596.
Menzies, J., and Maltman, A. J., (1992). Microstructures in diamictons–Evidence of subglacial bed conditions. Geomorphology, 6 : 27–40.
Onasch, C.M. and Vennemann, T.W. (1995). Disequilibrium partitioning of oxygen isotopes associated with sector zoning in quartz. Geology, 23: 1103-1106.
Rice, S.J. (1969). Quartz family minerals. California Division of Mines and Geology. Mineral Information Service, 22: 35-38.
Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Deniélou, L., Petitet, J.P., and Téqui, C. (1982). Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite, and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta , 46:2639-2658.
Rink, W.J., Rendell, H., Marseglia, E.A., Luff, B.J., and Townsend, P.D. (1993). Thermoluminescence spectra of igneous quartz and hydrothermal vein quartz. Physics and Chemistry of Mineral,:20:353-361.
Serebrennikov, A.J., Valter, A.A., Mashkovtsev, R.I., and Scherbakova, M.Ya. (1982). The investigation of defects in shock-metamorphosed quartz. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 8:155-157.
Sprunt, E.S. (1981). Causes of quartz cathodoluminescence colours. Scan. Elec. Micros., 525-535.
Stevens Kalceff, M.A. and Phillips, M.R. (1995) Cathodoluminescence microcharacterization of the defect structure of quartz. Physics Review, B 52: 3122-3134.
Udubasa, G.,Constantinescu, S., Popescu-Pogrion, N., Hirtopanu1, P. and Udubasa, S.S. (2007). Nano-minerals identification by different physical techniques. Romanian Reports in Physics, 59: ( 3) 819–824.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1987). Micromorphology of glacial sediments as a tool in distinguishing genetic varieties of till; Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 3, Pp- 77–89.
van der Meer, J. J. M. and Laban, C. (1990). Micromorphology of some North Sea till samples, a pilot study; Journal of Quaternary Science, 5 : 95–101.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1993). Microscopic evidence of subglacial deformation, Quaternary Science Reviews, 12 : 553–587.
van der Meer, J. J. M. (1996). Micromorphology, in Menzies; J., ed., Glacial environments, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinmann, 2: Pp. 335–355.
Vernon, R. H. (2004): A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Wong, P.Z., Howard, J.and Lin J.S. (1986). Surface roughening and the fractal nature of rocks; Physical Review Letters, 57: 637-640.
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Imaging and visualising nanometre scale surface geometry of a crystalline mineral (SiO2) in monochromatic spectra. (2009). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 1(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.29
