First record of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) (Octopodidae) in the Iraqi coastal waters, NW Arabian Gulf
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Abstract
The present study identifies one species of the genus Octopus in the order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca), recorded for
the first time in the Iraqi coastal waters and Arabian-Persian Gulf. The study extended from January 2019 to December of the
same year. The Octopus specimens were seasonally obtained from the fishing trawlers operating in the Iraqi coastal waters in
the South of Al- Fao District, Basrah- Iraq, NW Arabian Gulf. The Octopus was identified as O. vulgaris in Iraqi coastal waters
depending on morphological features. The habitats of living specimens are briefly described. Some observations were reported on the occurrence of this species and the measurement of some environmental factors. The species was identified up to spe-
cies level using standard literature. This species looks similar morphologically to the species which is already identified from the other areas around the world. The present study records significant expansion in the distribution range of this species.
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Keywords
First record, Cephalopoda, Octopodidae, Octopus vulgaris
References
Amor, M.D., Norman, M.D., Roura, A., Leite, T.S., Gleadall, I.G. & Reid A. (2017). Morphological assessment of the Octopus vulgaris species complex evaluated in light of molecular-based phylogenetic inferences. Zool Scr., 46, 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12207
De Luca, D., Catanese G., Procaccini G. & Fiorito G. (2016). Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) in the Mediterranean Sea: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure. PLoS ONE, 11(2), 1-19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.014 9496
Fadhlaoui-Zid, K., Knittweis, L., Aurelle, D., Nafkha, C., Ezzeddine, S. & Fiorentino, F. (2012). Genetic structure of Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) in the central Mediterranean Sea inferred from the mitochondrial COIII gene. CR Biol.,335, 625–636. https://www.um.ed u.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/25931
Fischer, E. (1973). FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purp, Mediterranean and Black Sea (Fishing area37). Rom FAO. Vol.2.
Forbes, E. & Hanley, S. (1852). A history of the British Mollusca and their shells. London. 4, 207-243.
Guerra, A.´, Roura, A.´, Gonza´lez, A.´, F, Pascual, S., Cherel, Y. & Pe´rez-Losada, M. (2010). Morphological and genetic evidence that Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 inhabits Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands (southern Indian Ocean). ICES J Mar Sci., 67, 1401–1407. https://doi.org/1 0.1093/icesjms/fsq040
Hernandez-Lopez, J.L. & Castro-Hernandez, J.J. (2001). Age determined from the daily deposition of concentric rings on common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) beaks. Fish Bull., 99,679–684.
Jereb, P., Roper, C.F.E., Norman, M.D. & Julian, K.F. (2014). Cephalopods of the world, an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species of known to date. FAO species catalogue for fishery purposes, Octopods and Vampire squids. No.4, Vol.3. 388 pp.
Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (1990). Note preliminaire sur les cephalopods des Eaux Torques. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit., 32, 1, 242.
Khatami, S., Valinassab, T. & Kaymaram, F. (2017a). Morphometric variation and growth rate of Uroteuthis duvaucelii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using gladius increments. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16(2) 851 -857.
Khatami, S., Tavakoli-kolour, P., Valinassab, T. & Farhadi, A. (2018). Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of Coleoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea reveals a case of cryptic diversity. Molluscan Research, 38(2),77-85. DOI:10.10 80/13235818.2017.1381062
Khatami, S., Kolour, P.T., Valinassab T., Anderson, F.E. & Farhadi, A. (2017b). Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of Coleoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea reveals a case of cryptic diversity, Molluscan Research, 38 (2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2017.1381062
Mangold K. & Boletzky S. (1973). New Data on Reproductive Biology and Growth of Octopus vulgaris. Mar. Biol. 19, 7–12.
Melis, R., Vacca, L., Cuccu, D., Mereu, M., Cau, A., Follesa, M.C.& Cannas, R. (2018). Genetic population structure and phylogeny of the common Octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 in the Western Mediterranean Sea through nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Hydrobiologia, 807: 277–296. https://link.springer.co m/article/10.1007/s10750-017-3399-5
Nesis, K.N. (1987). Cephalopods of the world. Squid, cuttlefishes, octopuses, Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications Inc., Ltd, 351 pp.
Norman, M.D., Hochberg, F.G. & Finn, J.K. (2014). Octopods and Vampire Squids. In: Jereb P, Roper CFE, Norman MD, Finn JK (Eds) Cephalopods of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. 3, 33–270.
Roeleveld, M.A. (1975). A revision of Massy's checklist of South African Cephalopoda. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 66(11), 233-255.
Riad, R. (2021). Comparative taxonomical studies on the Egyptian Mediterranean octopuses (Octopoda: Cephalopoda). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries. 25(3), 39 – 61. www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg
Riad, R. (2020). Monograph of the Egyptian Octopuses Order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca). Part III. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 24(6), 73 – 102. www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg
Roper, C.F.E., Sweeny, M.J. & Nauen, C.E. (1984). Cephalopods of the world. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 3(125), 51-52
Silas, E. G., Rao, K. S. Sarvesan, R., Nair, K. P. & Meiyappan. M.M. (1985). Identity of common species of cephalopods of India. In: Silas, E. G. (Ed.). Cephalopod bionomics, fisheries and resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone of India. Bull. Cent. Mar. Fis. Res. Inst., 37, 13-37.
Smale M.J. (1981). Buchan PR. Biology of Octopus vulgaris off the east coast of South Africa. Mar Biol., 65, 1–12.
Sundaram, S., Mane, S. & Bagade, D. (2019). Species diversity and basic biology of Octopus from Maharashtra waters, northwest coast of India, Int. J. of. Life Science, 7(2), 212-220.
Sundaram, S. & Sarang, J.D. (2011). Occurrence of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 at Mumbai, Maharashtra. Marine Fisheries Information Service (210). pp. 16-17.
Valinassab, T. (1993). Identification of Cephalopoda in the Oman Sea. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Final Report of Research Project, 67.
Van Nieuwenhove, A.H.M., Ratsimbazafy, H.A. & Kochzius, M. (2019). Cryptic diversity and limited connectivity in octopuses: Recommendations for fisheries management. PLoS ONE, 14(5),1-20. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journ al.pone.0214748
Villanueva, R., Nozais, C. & Boletzky, S.V. (1996). Swimming behaviour and food searching in planktonic Octopus vulgaris Cuvier from hatching to settlement. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 208, 169–184.
Worms, J. (1983). World fisheries for cephalopods: A synoptic overview. In: J. E. Caddy (Ed.), Advances in Assessment of world cephalopod resources, FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., (231), 1-20.
Voss, G. L. (1967). Some bathypelagic cephalopods from South African waters. Annals of the South African Museum, 50 (5), 61-88.
De Luca, D., Catanese G., Procaccini G. & Fiorito G. (2016). Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) in the Mediterranean Sea: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure. PLoS ONE, 11(2), 1-19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.014 9496
Fadhlaoui-Zid, K., Knittweis, L., Aurelle, D., Nafkha, C., Ezzeddine, S. & Fiorentino, F. (2012). Genetic structure of Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) in the central Mediterranean Sea inferred from the mitochondrial COIII gene. CR Biol.,335, 625–636. https://www.um.ed u.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/25931
Fischer, E. (1973). FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purp, Mediterranean and Black Sea (Fishing area37). Rom FAO. Vol.2.
Forbes, E. & Hanley, S. (1852). A history of the British Mollusca and their shells. London. 4, 207-243.
Guerra, A.´, Roura, A.´, Gonza´lez, A.´, F, Pascual, S., Cherel, Y. & Pe´rez-Losada, M. (2010). Morphological and genetic evidence that Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 inhabits Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands (southern Indian Ocean). ICES J Mar Sci., 67, 1401–1407. https://doi.org/1 0.1093/icesjms/fsq040
Hernandez-Lopez, J.L. & Castro-Hernandez, J.J. (2001). Age determined from the daily deposition of concentric rings on common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) beaks. Fish Bull., 99,679–684.
Jereb, P., Roper, C.F.E., Norman, M.D. & Julian, K.F. (2014). Cephalopods of the world, an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species of known to date. FAO species catalogue for fishery purposes, Octopods and Vampire squids. No.4, Vol.3. 388 pp.
Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (1990). Note preliminaire sur les cephalopods des Eaux Torques. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit., 32, 1, 242.
Khatami, S., Valinassab, T. & Kaymaram, F. (2017a). Morphometric variation and growth rate of Uroteuthis duvaucelii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using gladius increments. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16(2) 851 -857.
Khatami, S., Tavakoli-kolour, P., Valinassab, T. & Farhadi, A. (2018). Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of Coleoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea reveals a case of cryptic diversity. Molluscan Research, 38(2),77-85. DOI:10.10 80/13235818.2017.1381062
Khatami, S., Kolour, P.T., Valinassab T., Anderson, F.E. & Farhadi, A. (2017b). Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of Coleoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea reveals a case of cryptic diversity, Molluscan Research, 38 (2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2017.1381062
Mangold K. & Boletzky S. (1973). New Data on Reproductive Biology and Growth of Octopus vulgaris. Mar. Biol. 19, 7–12.
Melis, R., Vacca, L., Cuccu, D., Mereu, M., Cau, A., Follesa, M.C.& Cannas, R. (2018). Genetic population structure and phylogeny of the common Octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 in the Western Mediterranean Sea through nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Hydrobiologia, 807: 277–296. https://link.springer.co m/article/10.1007/s10750-017-3399-5
Nesis, K.N. (1987). Cephalopods of the world. Squid, cuttlefishes, octopuses, Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications Inc., Ltd, 351 pp.
Norman, M.D., Hochberg, F.G. & Finn, J.K. (2014). Octopods and Vampire Squids. In: Jereb P, Roper CFE, Norman MD, Finn JK (Eds) Cephalopods of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. 3, 33–270.
Roeleveld, M.A. (1975). A revision of Massy's checklist of South African Cephalopoda. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 66(11), 233-255.
Riad, R. (2021). Comparative taxonomical studies on the Egyptian Mediterranean octopuses (Octopoda: Cephalopoda). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries. 25(3), 39 – 61. www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg
Riad, R. (2020). Monograph of the Egyptian Octopuses Order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca). Part III. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 24(6), 73 – 102. www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg
Roper, C.F.E., Sweeny, M.J. & Nauen, C.E. (1984). Cephalopods of the world. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 3(125), 51-52
Silas, E. G., Rao, K. S. Sarvesan, R., Nair, K. P. & Meiyappan. M.M. (1985). Identity of common species of cephalopods of India. In: Silas, E. G. (Ed.). Cephalopod bionomics, fisheries and resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone of India. Bull. Cent. Mar. Fis. Res. Inst., 37, 13-37.
Smale M.J. (1981). Buchan PR. Biology of Octopus vulgaris off the east coast of South Africa. Mar Biol., 65, 1–12.
Sundaram, S., Mane, S. & Bagade, D. (2019). Species diversity and basic biology of Octopus from Maharashtra waters, northwest coast of India, Int. J. of. Life Science, 7(2), 212-220.
Sundaram, S. & Sarang, J.D. (2011). Occurrence of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 at Mumbai, Maharashtra. Marine Fisheries Information Service (210). pp. 16-17.
Valinassab, T. (1993). Identification of Cephalopoda in the Oman Sea. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Final Report of Research Project, 67.
Van Nieuwenhove, A.H.M., Ratsimbazafy, H.A. & Kochzius, M. (2019). Cryptic diversity and limited connectivity in octopuses: Recommendations for fisheries management. PLoS ONE, 14(5),1-20. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journ al.pone.0214748
Villanueva, R., Nozais, C. & Boletzky, S.V. (1996). Swimming behaviour and food searching in planktonic Octopus vulgaris Cuvier from hatching to settlement. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 208, 169–184.
Worms, J. (1983). World fisheries for cephalopods: A synoptic overview. In: J. E. Caddy (Ed.), Advances in Assessment of world cephalopod resources, FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., (231), 1-20.
Voss, G. L. (1967). Some bathypelagic cephalopods from South African waters. Annals of the South African Museum, 50 (5), 61-88.
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How to Cite
First record of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) (Octopodidae) in the Iraqi coastal waters, NW Arabian Gulf. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(3), 1048-1051. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2815
