Enhancement of agronomic traits and yield of rice var. ADT 43 grown in typic ustifluvent soil through silicon fertilization
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Abstract
Rice is a rich accumulator of silicon and its supply is essential for the growth and economic yield of rice. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil belonging to Padugai series (Typic ustifluvent) at farmers holding in Kuttalam block, Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu to assess the role of silicon in improving agronomic characters and yield of rice ADT 43, Oryza sativa. The treatments included T1 - Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T2 - RDF + Potassium silicate (FS) - 0.25%, T3- RDF + FS - 0.50%, T4 - RDF +FS - 1.00%, T5 -RDF + FS - 0.25%, T6 - RDF + FS - 0.50%, T7 - RDF + FS - 1.00%, T8 - RDF + SA - 50 kg ha-1, T9 - RDF + SA - 100 kg ha-1 and T10 - RDF + SA- 150 kg ha-1. From T2 to T4, the foliar spray was done at tillering stage and from T5 to T7, the foliar spray was done at tillering and panicle initiation stage. The silicon was applied through FS with the rice crop. The soil application of silicon relatively recorded higher growth and yield compared to foliar application. Besides improving different agronomic characters of the rice, the soil application of 50 kg Si ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (6183.3 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6740 kg ha-1) and was comparable with a single foliar spray of 1% Si. Growth and rice yield increased with Si concentration of 0.25% to 1%. Thus, the soil application of silicon @50 kg ha-1 through potassium silicate is advocated to realize maximum rice yield.
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Keywords
Growth, Rice, Silicon, Yield
References
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Anand Lokadal & Sreekanth, B. (2018). Effect of soil application of silicon on growth and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Current .Microbiology and Applied Science, 7(11), 838-844 https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.099
Balastra, M.L.F., Perez, C.M., Juliano, B.O. & Villreal, P. (1989). Effect of silica level on some properties of Oryza sativa straw and hult. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 2356-2363.
Cao, B.L., Xu, K. & Shi, J. (2013). Effects of silicon on growth, photosynthesis and transpiration of tomato. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 19(2), 354-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/718716
Chaiwong, N., Rerkasem, B., Pusadeea, T., & Prom-uThai, C. (2021). Silicon application improves caryopsis development and yield in rice. J Sci Food Agric.101, 220–228 DOI 10.1002/jsfa.10634
Deivaseeno Dorairaj., Mohd Razi Ismail., Uma Rani Sinniah. & Kar Ban Tan. (2020). Silicon mediated improvement in agronomic traits, physiological parameters and fibre content in Oryza sativa. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 42, 38 (1-11) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-3024-5
Doaa, M., Abou Basha El-Sayed, A.B.B. & El-Alia, H.I. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels, diatomite and potassium silicate application on yield and chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. World Applied Sciences Journal, 25(8), 1217-1221
Farooq, M.A. & Dietz, K.J. (2015). Silicon as versatile player in plant and human biology: Overlooked and poorly understood. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6 1-14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00994
Gerami, M., Fallah, A., Khatami, A. & Moghadam, M.R. 2012. Study of potassium and sodium silicate on the morphological and chlorophyll content on the rice plant in pot experiment (Oryza sativa L.).International. Journal Agricultural Crop Sciences, 4(10), 68-661 http://ijag cs.com/.../658-661.pdf
Haynes, R. J. (2014). A contemporary overview of silicon availability in agricultural soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177 (6), 831-844 https://doi.org/10.10 02/jpln.201400202
Jawahar, S., Vijayakumar, D., Bommera, R. & Jain, N. (2015). Effect of silixol granules on growth and yield of rice. International Journal Current Research Academic Reviews, 3: 168–174.
Ma, J.F., & Takahashi, E. (2002). Soil, Fertilizer, and Plant Silicon Research in Japan. Amsterdam-Boston-London-New York-Oxford, Paris-San Diego-San Francisco-Singapore-Sydney-Tokyo: Elsevier.
Mali, M. & Aery, N.C. (2008). Silicon effects on nodule growth, dry matter production, and mineral nutrition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 171, 835-40https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.2007 003 62
Mohammad Reza Khabbazar., Ali Abdzad Gohari., Arash Kahonok., & Reza Ebrahimpour Dargah. (2012). Response of rice varieties to different levels of silica and potassium in North Iran. Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci., 4(18), 1385-1390.
Pathak, H., Tripathi, R., Jambhulkar, N.N., Bisen, J.B. & Panda, B.B. (2020). Eco-regional Rice Farming for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Sustainability. NRRI Research Bulletin No. 22, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India. pp 28
Patil, A.A., Durgud, A.G., Pharande, A.L., Kadlag, A.D. & Nimbalkar, C.A. (2017). Effect of calcium silicate as a silicon source on growth and yield of rice plants. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 5 (6), 545-549
Rao, G.B., Poornima Yadav. & Elizabeth K Syriac. (2017). Silicon nutrition in rice: A review. Pharmacognosy Journal 6, 390-392
Ramírez-Olvera, S.M., Trejo-Téllez, L.I., Gómez-Merino, F.C., Ruíz-Posadas, L.d.M., Alcántar-González, E.G., & Saucedo-Veloz, C. Silicon Stimulates (2021) Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions. Plants, 10, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040777
Schmidt, R.E., Zhang, X. & Chalmers, D.R. (1999). Response of photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase to silica applied to creeping bent grass grown under two irrigation systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 27, 1363-1370 https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365752
Seebold, K.W, Datnoff, L.E., Correavictoria, F.J., Kucharek, T.A. & Snyder, G.H. (2000). Effect of silicon rate and host resistance on blast, scald, and yield of upland rice. Plant Disease. 84(8), 871-876 doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.8.871.
Singh, K., Singh, R., Singh, J.B., Singh, Y. & Singh, K.K. (2006). Effect of level and time of silicon application on growth, yield and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 76(7), 410-413.
Singh, K.Y., Singh, C.S., Singh, R., Singh, K.K., Singh, A. & Singh, K. (2005). Silicon nutrition in rice. Fertilizer News 50(2), 41-48
Singh, V., Singh, V., Singh, S. & Richa Khanna. (2020). Effect of zinc and silicon on growth and yield of aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) in North-Western Plains of India. Journal of Rice Research Development 3(1),82-86 DOI: 10.36959/973/424
Siregar, A.F.I., Sipahutar, A., Anggria L Husnain., & Yufdi, M.F. (2021). Improving rice growth and yield with silicon addition in Oxisols. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 648, 012202
Sommer, M., Kaczorek, D., Kuzyahoy, Y., & Breuer, J. (2006). Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes-A Review. Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Sciences, 169,310-329 https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200690016
Yavarzadeh, M.R., Gavali, R.S., & Dhumal, K.N. (2008). Impact of soil application of fly ash on growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 33(2), 158-160.
Yogendra, N.D., Kumara, B.H., Chandrashekar, N., Prakash, N.B., Anantha, M.S., & Jeyadeva, H.M. (2014). Effect of silicon on real time nitrogen management in a rice ecosystem, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(9), pp. 831-840
Anand Lokadal & Sreekanth, B. (2018). Effect of soil application of silicon on growth and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Current .Microbiology and Applied Science, 7(11), 838-844 https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.099
Balastra, M.L.F., Perez, C.M., Juliano, B.O. & Villreal, P. (1989). Effect of silica level on some properties of Oryza sativa straw and hult. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 2356-2363.
Cao, B.L., Xu, K. & Shi, J. (2013). Effects of silicon on growth, photosynthesis and transpiration of tomato. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 19(2), 354-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/718716
Chaiwong, N., Rerkasem, B., Pusadeea, T., & Prom-uThai, C. (2021). Silicon application improves caryopsis development and yield in rice. J Sci Food Agric.101, 220–228 DOI 10.1002/jsfa.10634
Deivaseeno Dorairaj., Mohd Razi Ismail., Uma Rani Sinniah. & Kar Ban Tan. (2020). Silicon mediated improvement in agronomic traits, physiological parameters and fibre content in Oryza sativa. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 42, 38 (1-11) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-3024-5
Doaa, M., Abou Basha El-Sayed, A.B.B. & El-Alia, H.I. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels, diatomite and potassium silicate application on yield and chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. World Applied Sciences Journal, 25(8), 1217-1221
Farooq, M.A. & Dietz, K.J. (2015). Silicon as versatile player in plant and human biology: Overlooked and poorly understood. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6 1-14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00994
Gerami, M., Fallah, A., Khatami, A. & Moghadam, M.R. 2012. Study of potassium and sodium silicate on the morphological and chlorophyll content on the rice plant in pot experiment (Oryza sativa L.).International. Journal Agricultural Crop Sciences, 4(10), 68-661 http://ijag cs.com/.../658-661.pdf
Haynes, R. J. (2014). A contemporary overview of silicon availability in agricultural soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177 (6), 831-844 https://doi.org/10.10 02/jpln.201400202
Jawahar, S., Vijayakumar, D., Bommera, R. & Jain, N. (2015). Effect of silixol granules on growth and yield of rice. International Journal Current Research Academic Reviews, 3: 168–174.
Ma, J.F., & Takahashi, E. (2002). Soil, Fertilizer, and Plant Silicon Research in Japan. Amsterdam-Boston-London-New York-Oxford, Paris-San Diego-San Francisco-Singapore-Sydney-Tokyo: Elsevier.
Mali, M. & Aery, N.C. (2008). Silicon effects on nodule growth, dry matter production, and mineral nutrition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 171, 835-40https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.2007 003 62
Mohammad Reza Khabbazar., Ali Abdzad Gohari., Arash Kahonok., & Reza Ebrahimpour Dargah. (2012). Response of rice varieties to different levels of silica and potassium in North Iran. Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci., 4(18), 1385-1390.
Pathak, H., Tripathi, R., Jambhulkar, N.N., Bisen, J.B. & Panda, B.B. (2020). Eco-regional Rice Farming for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Sustainability. NRRI Research Bulletin No. 22, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India. pp 28
Patil, A.A., Durgud, A.G., Pharande, A.L., Kadlag, A.D. & Nimbalkar, C.A. (2017). Effect of calcium silicate as a silicon source on growth and yield of rice plants. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 5 (6), 545-549
Rao, G.B., Poornima Yadav. & Elizabeth K Syriac. (2017). Silicon nutrition in rice: A review. Pharmacognosy Journal 6, 390-392
Ramírez-Olvera, S.M., Trejo-Téllez, L.I., Gómez-Merino, F.C., Ruíz-Posadas, L.d.M., Alcántar-González, E.G., & Saucedo-Veloz, C. Silicon Stimulates (2021) Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions. Plants, 10, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040777
Schmidt, R.E., Zhang, X. & Chalmers, D.R. (1999). Response of photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase to silica applied to creeping bent grass grown under two irrigation systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 27, 1363-1370 https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365752
Seebold, K.W, Datnoff, L.E., Correavictoria, F.J., Kucharek, T.A. & Snyder, G.H. (2000). Effect of silicon rate and host resistance on blast, scald, and yield of upland rice. Plant Disease. 84(8), 871-876 doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.8.871.
Singh, K., Singh, R., Singh, J.B., Singh, Y. & Singh, K.K. (2006). Effect of level and time of silicon application on growth, yield and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 76(7), 410-413.
Singh, K.Y., Singh, C.S., Singh, R., Singh, K.K., Singh, A. & Singh, K. (2005). Silicon nutrition in rice. Fertilizer News 50(2), 41-48
Singh, V., Singh, V., Singh, S. & Richa Khanna. (2020). Effect of zinc and silicon on growth and yield of aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) in North-Western Plains of India. Journal of Rice Research Development 3(1),82-86 DOI: 10.36959/973/424
Siregar, A.F.I., Sipahutar, A., Anggria L Husnain., & Yufdi, M.F. (2021). Improving rice growth and yield with silicon addition in Oxisols. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 648, 012202
Sommer, M., Kaczorek, D., Kuzyahoy, Y., & Breuer, J. (2006). Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes-A Review. Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Sciences, 169,310-329 https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200690016
Yavarzadeh, M.R., Gavali, R.S., & Dhumal, K.N. (2008). Impact of soil application of fly ash on growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 33(2), 158-160.
Yogendra, N.D., Kumara, B.H., Chandrashekar, N., Prakash, N.B., Anantha, M.S., & Jeyadeva, H.M. (2014). Effect of silicon on real time nitrogen management in a rice ecosystem, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(9), pp. 831-840
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How to Cite
Enhancement of agronomic traits and yield of rice var. ADT 43 grown in typic ustifluvent soil through silicon fertilization. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(3), 1052-1058. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2803
