Analysis of deposition of heavy metal dust on the leaves of few selected tree species in Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Biomonitoring of heavy metals is one of the economic methods to identify and improve the quality of air. The aim of this work was to identify the concentration of nine heavy metals viz. Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Al, Cd, As, Cr and Mn in the ambient air deposited on the leaves of five tree species such as Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Syzygium cumini, Ficus religiosa and Pongamia glabra collected from six sites such as Pallavarmedu (Site I), CSI hospital (Site II), Moongilmandapam (Site III), Collectrate (Site IV), Near Cancer Institute (Site V) and VellaGate (Site VI) of the Kanchipuram town of TamilNadu State, in the months of February - March 2019. Even with some differences in the concentration of nine heavy metals on the species, few were identified with significant correlation, suggesting that these pollutants were emitted from similar sources. The deposition of iron (235.53mg/kg) and aluminium (157.91mg/kg) were higher on the leaves of S.asoca compared with other species. The metals such as Cu, Cd, As, Pb and Cr were nil and not detected on the leaves, but Pb concentration was high (185.79 mg/kg) only on P. glabra at Site 2 and Cr (2.37 mg/kg) was found on the leaves of S. asoca at Site 1. The heavy metal dust deposited on the leaf surface was probably due to vehicular emission and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis showed that all the selected tree species acted as a biomonitor and should be grown that may help to improve the air quality of the area.
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Keywords
Biomonitoring, Correlation, Deposition, Heavy metals, Species
References
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Aprile, G.G., Di Salvatore, M., Carratu, G., Mingo, A. & Carafa, A.M. (2010). Comparison of the suitability of
two lichen species and one higher plant for monitoring
airborne heavy metals, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 162, 291- 299. https://doi.org/10.10 07/s10661-009-0796-x.
Arslan, H., Guleryuz, G., Leblebici, Z., Kirmizi, S. & Aksoy, A. (2009). Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss. (Scrophularia ceae) as possible bio-indicator for the assessment of heavy metals in the environment of Bursa, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 163, 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0820-1.
Aslam, M., Verma, D.K., Dhakerya, R., Rais, S., Alam, M. & Ansari, F.A. (2012). Bioindicator: A Comparative study on uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in some plant`s leaves of M.G. Road, Agra City, India. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(12) , 1060- 1070.
Blagnyte, R. & Paliulis, D. (2010). Research into heavy metals pollution of atmosphere applying moss as bioindicator: a Literature Review, Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 4(54), 26-33.
Coskun, M. (2006). Toxic metals in the Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) bark in the Thrace region, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 121, 173–179.
Deepalakshmi, A. P., Ramakrishnaiah, H., Ramachandra, Y. L. & Naveen Kumar, N. (2014). Leaves of higher plants as indicators of heavy metal pollution along the Urban roadways, International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(6), 340– 346.
Ejidike, I.P. & Onianwa, P.C (2015). Assessment of trace metals concentration in tree barks as indicator of atmospheric pollution within Ibadan city, South-West, Nigeria. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/243601.
Galea, C., Hancu, G., Csiszer, A., Jeszenszky, C.M. & Barabas, E. (2015). Determination of mineral element content of Pelargonium roseum plant by ICP-MS, Macedonian pharmaceutical bulletin, 61(1), 27- 34.
Hashimoto, Y., Sekine, Y., & Otoshi, T.(1992). Atmospheric aluminum from human activities. Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere, 26(3), 295 –300. do i:10.1016/0957-1272(92)90005-d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram.
Jiang, Y., Fan, M., Hu, R., Zhao, J. & Wu, Y. (2018). Mosses are better than leaves of vascular plants in monitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Urban areas, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6), 1-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijer ph15061105.
Kaur, M. & Nagpal, A.K (2017). Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants and their application in development of green space along the urban areas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 18881–18895. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9500-9.
Khattak, M.I. & Jabeen, R. (2012). Detection of heavy metals in leaves of melia azedarach and Eucalyptus citriodora as biomonitring tools in the region of quetta valley, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(2) , 675- 681.
Kuang, Y.W., Zhou, G.Y., Wen, D.Z. & Liu, S.Z. (2007). Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(4), 270– 275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.09.344.
Kula, I., Yildiz D., Dogan Y., Ay, G. & Baslar, S. (2010). Trace element contents in plants growing at Mt. Akdag, Denizli. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(1), 1587-1591. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10133-010-0010-X.
Liu, C., Zhou, P. & Fang, Y. (2016). Monitoring airborne heavy metal using mosses in the city of Xuzhou, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96, 638–644.
Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhu, M. & Yin, J. (2017). Role of plant leaves in removing airborne dust and associated metals on Beijing roadsides. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17, 2566–2584. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2016.11.0474
Maghakyan, N., Tepanosyan, G., Belyaeva, O., Sahakyan, L. & Saghatelyan, A. (2016). Assessment of pollution levels and human health risk of heavy metals in dust deposited on Yerevan’s tree leaves (Armenia), Acta Geochimica, 36(1), 16-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0122-6.
Mansour, R. S. (2014). The pollution of the tree is left with heavy metal in Syria. International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 6(4), 2283-2290.
Naderizadeh, Z., Khademi, H. & Ayoubi, S. (2016). Biomonitoring of atmospheric heavy metals pollution using dust deposited on date palm leaves in southwestern Iran. Atmosfera, 29(2), 141- 155. DOI:10.20937/ATM.201 6.29.02.04.
Nakazato, R.K., Esposito, M.P., Cardoso-Gustavson, P., Bulbovas, P., Pedroso, A.N.V., de Assis, P.I.L.S. & Domingos M. (2018). Efficiency of biomonitoring methods applying tropical bioindicator plants for assessing the phytoxicity of the air pollutants in SE, Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 19323–19337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2294-6.
Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Faz Cano, A. & Acosta J.A. (2015). Using plane tree leaves for biomonitoring of dust borne heavy metals: A case study from Isfahan, Central Iran, Ecological Indicators, 57, 64-73. DOI: https://doi.o rg/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.04.011.
Ogunkunle, C.O., Suleiman, L.B., Oyedeji, S., Awotoye, O.O. & Fatoba, P.O. (2015), Assessing the air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some tree species for biomonitoring environmental health, Agroforestry Systems, 89(3), 447-454. http://dx.doi.or g/10.1007/s10457-014-9781-7.
Patel, K.S., Sharma, R., Dahariya, N.S, Yadav, A., Blazhev, B, Matini, L. & Hoinkis J. (2015). Heavy Metal Contamination of Tree Leaves, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(8), 687 – 693. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.68066.
Serbula, S.M., Kalinovic, T.S., Ilic, A.A., Kalinovic, J.V. & Steharnik M.M. (2013). Assessment of airborne heavy metal pollution using Pinus spp. and Tilia spp, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13, 563 - 573. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.0153.
Sharma, A. & Uniyal, S.K. (2016). Heavy metal accumulation in Pyrrosia flocculosa (D. Don) Ching growing in sites located along a vehicular disturbance gradient, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(547), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5561-3.
Tak,A.A. & Kakde, U.B. (2019). Evaluation of trace elements and particulate matter deposition on plant foliage exposed to vehicular pollution, Acta Botanica Croatica, 78 (2), 164-168. DOI: 10.2478/botcro-2019-0014.
Terpo,M., Vasjari, M., Mano, R., Como, M. & Agoll, M. (2014). Trace element accumulation in the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum in South Albania, Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Special edition, 201-205.
Tiwari, S. & Pandey, S.K. (2016). Biomonitoring of toxic metals through roadside vegetation exposed to vehicular pollution in Bilaspur city, Environmental Skeptics and Critics, 5(3) pp 57- 62.
Ugulu, I., Dogan, Y., Baslar, S. & Varol, O. (2012), Biomonitoring of trace element accumulation in plants growing at Murat Mountain, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp 527- 534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0056-4.
Yatawara, M. & Dayananda, N. (2019). Use of corticolous lichens for the assessment of ambient air quality along rural–urban ecosystems of tropics, a study in Sri Lanka. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(3), 1-14.
DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10661-019-7334-2.
Yildiz, D., Kula, I., Ay, G, Baslar, S. & Dogan, Y. (2010). Determination of trace elements in the plants of Mt. Bozdag, Izmir, Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(3), 731- 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1003731Y.
Zouari, M., Elloumi, N., Mezghani, I., Labrousse, P., Ben Rouina, B., Ben Abdallah, F. & Ben Ahmed, C. (2018). Physiological evaluation of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) leaves to air pollution for biomonitoring of atmospheric quality, Pollution, 4(4) , 563-570. DOI: 10.22059/poll.20 18.249423.368.
Anicic, M., Spasic, T., Tomasevic, M., Rajsic, S. & Tasic, M. (2011). Trace elements accumulation and temporal trends in leaves of urban deciduous trees (Aesculus hippocastanum and Tilia spp.), Ecological Indicators, 11(3), 824-830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.10.009.
Aprile, G.G., Di Salvatore, M., Carratu, G., Mingo, A. & Carafa, A.M. (2010). Comparison of the suitability of
two lichen species and one higher plant for monitoring
airborne heavy metals, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 162, 291- 299. https://doi.org/10.10 07/s10661-009-0796-x.
Arslan, H., Guleryuz, G., Leblebici, Z., Kirmizi, S. & Aksoy, A. (2009). Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss. (Scrophularia ceae) as possible bio-indicator for the assessment of heavy metals in the environment of Bursa, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 163, 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0820-1.
Aslam, M., Verma, D.K., Dhakerya, R., Rais, S., Alam, M. & Ansari, F.A. (2012). Bioindicator: A Comparative study on uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in some plant`s leaves of M.G. Road, Agra City, India. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(12) , 1060- 1070.
Blagnyte, R. & Paliulis, D. (2010). Research into heavy metals pollution of atmosphere applying moss as bioindicator: a Literature Review, Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 4(54), 26-33.
Coskun, M. (2006). Toxic metals in the Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) bark in the Thrace region, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 121, 173–179.
Deepalakshmi, A. P., Ramakrishnaiah, H., Ramachandra, Y. L. & Naveen Kumar, N. (2014). Leaves of higher plants as indicators of heavy metal pollution along the Urban roadways, International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(6), 340– 346.
Ejidike, I.P. & Onianwa, P.C (2015). Assessment of trace metals concentration in tree barks as indicator of atmospheric pollution within Ibadan city, South-West, Nigeria. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/243601.
Galea, C., Hancu, G., Csiszer, A., Jeszenszky, C.M. & Barabas, E. (2015). Determination of mineral element content of Pelargonium roseum plant by ICP-MS, Macedonian pharmaceutical bulletin, 61(1), 27- 34.
Hashimoto, Y., Sekine, Y., & Otoshi, T.(1992). Atmospheric aluminum from human activities. Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere, 26(3), 295 –300. do i:10.1016/0957-1272(92)90005-d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram.
Jiang, Y., Fan, M., Hu, R., Zhao, J. & Wu, Y. (2018). Mosses are better than leaves of vascular plants in monitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Urban areas, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6), 1-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijer ph15061105.
Kaur, M. & Nagpal, A.K (2017). Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants and their application in development of green space along the urban areas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 18881–18895. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9500-9.
Khattak, M.I. & Jabeen, R. (2012). Detection of heavy metals in leaves of melia azedarach and Eucalyptus citriodora as biomonitring tools in the region of quetta valley, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(2) , 675- 681.
Kuang, Y.W., Zhou, G.Y., Wen, D.Z. & Liu, S.Z. (2007). Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(4), 270– 275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.09.344.
Kula, I., Yildiz D., Dogan Y., Ay, G. & Baslar, S. (2010). Trace element contents in plants growing at Mt. Akdag, Denizli. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(1), 1587-1591. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10133-010-0010-X.
Liu, C., Zhou, P. & Fang, Y. (2016). Monitoring airborne heavy metal using mosses in the city of Xuzhou, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96, 638–644.
Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhu, M. & Yin, J. (2017). Role of plant leaves in removing airborne dust and associated metals on Beijing roadsides. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17, 2566–2584. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2016.11.0474
Maghakyan, N., Tepanosyan, G., Belyaeva, O., Sahakyan, L. & Saghatelyan, A. (2016). Assessment of pollution levels and human health risk of heavy metals in dust deposited on Yerevan’s tree leaves (Armenia), Acta Geochimica, 36(1), 16-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0122-6.
Mansour, R. S. (2014). The pollution of the tree is left with heavy metal in Syria. International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 6(4), 2283-2290.
Naderizadeh, Z., Khademi, H. & Ayoubi, S. (2016). Biomonitoring of atmospheric heavy metals pollution using dust deposited on date palm leaves in southwestern Iran. Atmosfera, 29(2), 141- 155. DOI:10.20937/ATM.201 6.29.02.04.
Nakazato, R.K., Esposito, M.P., Cardoso-Gustavson, P., Bulbovas, P., Pedroso, A.N.V., de Assis, P.I.L.S. & Domingos M. (2018). Efficiency of biomonitoring methods applying tropical bioindicator plants for assessing the phytoxicity of the air pollutants in SE, Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 19323–19337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2294-6.
Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Faz Cano, A. & Acosta J.A. (2015). Using plane tree leaves for biomonitoring of dust borne heavy metals: A case study from Isfahan, Central Iran, Ecological Indicators, 57, 64-73. DOI: https://doi.o rg/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.04.011.
Ogunkunle, C.O., Suleiman, L.B., Oyedeji, S., Awotoye, O.O. & Fatoba, P.O. (2015), Assessing the air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some tree species for biomonitoring environmental health, Agroforestry Systems, 89(3), 447-454. http://dx.doi.or g/10.1007/s10457-014-9781-7.
Patel, K.S., Sharma, R., Dahariya, N.S, Yadav, A., Blazhev, B, Matini, L. & Hoinkis J. (2015). Heavy Metal Contamination of Tree Leaves, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(8), 687 – 693. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.68066.
Serbula, S.M., Kalinovic, T.S., Ilic, A.A., Kalinovic, J.V. & Steharnik M.M. (2013). Assessment of airborne heavy metal pollution using Pinus spp. and Tilia spp, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13, 563 - 573. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.0153.
Sharma, A. & Uniyal, S.K. (2016). Heavy metal accumulation in Pyrrosia flocculosa (D. Don) Ching growing in sites located along a vehicular disturbance gradient, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(547), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5561-3.
Tak,A.A. & Kakde, U.B. (2019). Evaluation of trace elements and particulate matter deposition on plant foliage exposed to vehicular pollution, Acta Botanica Croatica, 78 (2), 164-168. DOI: 10.2478/botcro-2019-0014.
Terpo,M., Vasjari, M., Mano, R., Como, M. & Agoll, M. (2014). Trace element accumulation in the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum in South Albania, Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Special edition, 201-205.
Tiwari, S. & Pandey, S.K. (2016). Biomonitoring of toxic metals through roadside vegetation exposed to vehicular pollution in Bilaspur city, Environmental Skeptics and Critics, 5(3) pp 57- 62.
Ugulu, I., Dogan, Y., Baslar, S. & Varol, O. (2012), Biomonitoring of trace element accumulation in plants growing at Murat Mountain, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp 527- 534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0056-4.
Yatawara, M. & Dayananda, N. (2019). Use of corticolous lichens for the assessment of ambient air quality along rural–urban ecosystems of tropics, a study in Sri Lanka. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(3), 1-14.
DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10661-019-7334-2.
Yildiz, D., Kula, I., Ay, G, Baslar, S. & Dogan, Y. (2010). Determination of trace elements in the plants of Mt. Bozdag, Izmir, Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(3), 731- 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1003731Y.
Zouari, M., Elloumi, N., Mezghani, I., Labrousse, P., Ben Rouina, B., Ben Abdallah, F. & Ben Ahmed, C. (2018). Physiological evaluation of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) leaves to air pollution for biomonitoring of atmospheric quality, Pollution, 4(4) , 563-570. DOI: 10.22059/poll.20 18.249423.368.
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How to Cite
Analysis of deposition of heavy metal dust on the leaves of few selected tree species in Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(3), 1011-1019. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2739
