Nanoparticles in the soil environment and their behaviour : An overview
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Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in industries, soil and water remediation technologies, potential agricultural uses (e.g. fertilizers) and unintentional releases via air, water and sewage sludge application to the land likely leads to the release of such materials into the environment. The unique properties of NPs, such as high specific surface area, abundant reactive sites on the surface as a consequence of a large fraction of atoms located on the exterior rather than in the interior of NPs, as well as their mobility, could cause environmental hazards or
potentially harm soil health.It could be assumed that NPs may not have a direct influence on plant growth but may be responsible for the influence through indirect mechanisms. Light microscopy of root sections showed that the ZnO particles adsorbed into root tissues and cells and damaged the root tissues. Results from ecotoxicological studies show that certain NPs have effects on organisms under environmental conditions, though mostly at elevated concentrations. Nanominerals and mineral NPs in the environment have been present throughout the evolutionary development of hominids, and our exposure to these through inhalation, ingestion are important foci of nanotoxicology and environmental sciences. The more research on occurrence, characteristics of NPs and their behaviour in environment is needed towards a logical conclusion of the effects of NPs on environment.
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Keywords
Nanoparticle, Nanoparticle behaviour, Occurrence, Soil environment
References
Banfield, J.F., and Zhang, H.Z.( 2001). Nanoparticles in the environment. In: Banfield, J.F., Navrotsky, A. (Eds.), Nanoparticles and the Environment, pp. 1–58.
Berner, R.A. (1980). Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach. Princeton Series in Geochemistry. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ USA, 241 p.
Boxall, A.B.A., Chaudhry, Q., Jones, A., Jefferson, B., and Watts, C. D. (2008). Current and future predicted environmental exposure to engineered nanoparticles. Report to the Department of the Environment and Rural Affairs. Central Science Laboratory, York,UK.
Cabiscol, E., Tamarit, J., and Ros, J. 2000. Oxidative stress in bacteria and protein damage by reactive oxygen species. Int Microb., 3:3–8.
Chen, L.X., Sabatini, D. A., and Kibbey, T. C. G. (2008). Role of the air–water interface in the retention of TiO2 nanoparticles in porous media during primary drainage. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1916–1921.
Chen, W., Duan, L., and Zhu, D. Q. (2007). Adsorption of polar and nonpolar organic chemicals to carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 8295–8300.
Chiou, C.T., Malcolm, R.L., Brinton, T. I., and Kile, D. E. (1986). Water solubility enhancement of some organic pollutants and pesticides by dissolved humic and fulvicacids. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 502–508.
Chithrani, B.D., Ghazani, A.A., and Chan, W.C.W. (2006). Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. Nano Lett., 6:662–668.
Cornelissen, G., Gustafsson, O., Bucheli, T.D., Jonker, M.T.O., Koelmans, A.A., and Van Noort, P.C.M. (2005). Extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal, and kerogen in sediments and soils: mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 6881–6895.
Eng, P.J., Trainor, T. P., Brown, G. E., Jr., Waychunas, G. A., Newville, M., Sutton, S. R., and Rivers, M. L. (2000). Structure of the hydrated a–Al2O3 (0001) surface. Science, 288: 1029–1033.
EPA. (2009). Nanotechnology White Paper. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 100/B–09/001, Washington DC 20460, USA.
Espinasse, B., Hotze, E. M., and Wiesner, M. R. (2007). Transport and retention of colloidal aggregates of C–60 in porous media: Effects of organic macromolecules, ionic composition, and preparation method. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41:7396–7402.
Fang, J., Lyon, D.Y., Dong, J., and Alvarez, P.J.J. (2007). Effect of a fullerene water suspension on bacterial phospholipids and membrane phase behavior. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 2636–2642.
Gotovac, S., Honda, H., Hattori, Y., Takahashi, K., Kanoh, H., and Kaneko, K. (2007). Effect of nanoscale curvature of single–walled carbon nanotubes on adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nano. Lett., 7: 583–587.
Gottschalk, F., Sonderer, T., Scholz, R. W., and Nowack, B. (2009). Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, fullerenes) for different regions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43: 9216–9222.
Guzman, K.A.D., Taylor, M.R., and Banfield, J.F. (2006). Environmental risks of nanotechnology: national nanotechnology initiative funding, 2000–2004. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40: 1401–1407.
Hochella, M.F. Jr., Lower, S.K., Maurice, P.A., Penn, R.L., Sahai, N., Sparks, D.L. and Twining, B.S. (2008). Nanominerals, mineral nanoparticles and Earth chemistry. Science, 21: 1631–1635.
Hu, C.G., Yang, C.H., and Hu, S.S. (2007). Hydrophobic adsorption of surfactants on water–soluble carbon nanotubes, a simple approach to improve sensitivity and antifouling capacity of carbon nanotubes–based electrochemical sensors. Electrochim., 9 : 128–134.
Iorio, M., Pan, B., Capasso, R., and Xing, B. S. (2008). Sorption of phenanthrene by dissolved organic matter and its complex with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Environ. Pollut., 156: 1021–1029.
Ji, L. L., Chen, W., Zheng, S. R., Xu, Z. Y., and Zhu, D. Q. (2009). Adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics to multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Langmuir, 25: 11608–11613.
Klaine, S. J., Alvarez, P. J. J., Batley, G. E., Fernandes, T. F., Handy, R. D., Lyon, D. Y., Mahendra, S., McLaughlin, M. J., and Lead, J. R. (2008). Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27:1825–1851.
Kretzschmar, R. and Schafer, T. (2005). Metal retention and transport on colloidal particles in the environment. Elements, 1: 205–210.
Limbach, L.K., Li, Y., Grass, R.N., Brunner, T.J., Hintermann, M.A., Muller, M., Gunther, D. and Stark, W.J. (2005). Oxide nanoparticle uptake in human lung fibroblasts: effects of particle size, agglomeration, and diffusion at low concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39 : 9370–9376.
Lin, D.H., and Xing, B.S. (2007). Phytotoxicity of nanoparticles: Inhibition of seed germination and root growth. Environ. Pollut., 150 : 243–250.
Lower, S. K., Maurice, P. A., Traina, S. J., and Carlson, E. H. (1998). Aqueous Pb sorption by hydroxylapatite: Applications of atomic force microscopy to dissolution, nucleation, and growth studies. American Mineralogist, 83: 147–158.
Lynch, I., Dawson, K.A., and Linse, S. (2006). Detecting cryptic epitopes created by nanoparticles. Sci. STKE., 3: 14–34.
Madden, A.S., and Hochella, M.F.( 2005). A test of geochemical reactivity as a function of mineral size: manganese oxidation promoted by hematite nanoparticles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 69 : 389–398.
Maurice, P. A., and Hochella, M. F. (2009). Nanoscale particles and processes: A new dimension in soil science. Adv. Agron., 100: 123–153.
Maurice, P.A., and Hochella, M.F. (2008). Nanoscale particles and processes: a new dimension in soil science. Adv. Agron., 100 : 124–153.
Maynard, A.D., Kouri, J.B., Ramirez, J.T., and Yacaman, M.J. (2006). Safe handling of nanotechnology. Nature, 444 : 267–69.
Murr, L.E., Soto, K.F., Esquivel, E. V., Bang, J. J., Guerrero, P. A., Lopez, D. A., and Ramirez, D.A. (2004). Carbon nanotubes and other fullerene–related nanocrystals in the environment: A TEM study. J. Mater. Sci., 56: 28–31.
Navarro, E. Baun, A., Behra, R., Nanna B.H., N.B.J., Miao, Ai–Jun., Quigg, A., Peter H. Santschi, P.H., and Sigg, L. (2008). Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi. Ecotoxicology, 17: 372–386.
Navrotsky, A. (2001). Thermochemistry of nanomaterials. In ‘‘Nanoparticles and the Environment. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry’’ (J. F. Banfield and A. Navrotsky, Eds.), Vol. 44, pp. 73–103. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Washington, DC.Chapter 3.
Neal, A.L. (2008). What can be inferred from bacterium– nanoparticle interactions about the potential consequences of environmental exposure to nanoparticles? Ecotoxicology, 17: 362–371.
Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L., and Li, N. (2006). Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science, 311 : 622–627.
Nielsen, A.E. (1964). Kinetics of Precipitation, MacMillan, New York, 151 p.
Nowack, B., and Bucheli, T.D. (2007) Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Environ Pollut., 150:5–22
Pan, B., and Xing, B. (2010). Manufactured nanoparticles and their sorption of organic chemicals. Advances in Agronomy, 108:137–181.
Pan, B., Ghosh, S., and Xing, B. S. (2007). Nonideal binding between dissolved humic acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 6472–6478.
Pan, B., Ghosh, S., and Xing, B.S. (2008). Dissolved organic matter conformation and its interaction with pyrene as affected by water chemistry and concentration. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42: 1594–1599.
Reijnders, L. (2006). Cleaner nanotechnology and hazard reduction of manufactured nanoparticles. J. Clean. Prod., 14: 124–133.
Shah, V., and Belozerova, I. (2009). Influence of metal nanoparticles on the soil microbial community and germination of lettuce seeds. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 197: 143–148.
Soni, I., and Bondi, S.B. (2004). Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: A case study on E. coli as a model for Gram–negative bacteria. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 275: 1770–1782.
Theng, B.K.G. (2008). Clay–organic interactions. In, Chesworth, W. (ed), Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 144–150.
Tong, Z., Bischoff, M., Nies, L., Applegate, B., and Turco, R.F. (2007). Impact of fullerene (C60) on a soil microbial community. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 2985–2991.
Wang, C.M., Baer, D.R., Amonette, J. E., Engelhard, M. H., Antony, J., and Qiang, Y. (2009). Morphology and electronic structure of the oxide shell on the surface of iron nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,131: 8824–8832.
Wang, Y., Wong, J.F., Teng, X.W., Lin, X.Z. and Yang, H. (2007). ‘‘Pulling’’ nanoparticles into water, phase transfer of oleic acid stabilized monodisperse nanoparticles into aqueous solutions of alphacyclodextrin. Nano. Lett., 7: 1555–1559.
Waychunas, G.A., Kim, C.S., and Banfield, J.F. (2005). Nanoparticulate iron oxide minerals in soils and sediments: unique properties and contaminant scavenging mechanisms. J. Nanopart. Res., 7: 409–433.
Yang, L., and Watts, D.J. (2005). Particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles. Toxicol. Lett., 158: 122–132.
Zhang, D., Pan, B., Zhang, H., Ning, P., and Xing, B. S. (2010). Contribution of different sulfamethoxazole species to their overall adsorption on functionalized carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 44: 3806–3811.
Zhu, S.Q., Oberdorster, E., and Haasch, M.L. (2008). Toxicity of an engineerednanoparticle (fullerene, C60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow. Marine Environ Res., 65: 5–9.
Berner, R.A. (1980). Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach. Princeton Series in Geochemistry. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ USA, 241 p.
Boxall, A.B.A., Chaudhry, Q., Jones, A., Jefferson, B., and Watts, C. D. (2008). Current and future predicted environmental exposure to engineered nanoparticles. Report to the Department of the Environment and Rural Affairs. Central Science Laboratory, York,UK.
Cabiscol, E., Tamarit, J., and Ros, J. 2000. Oxidative stress in bacteria and protein damage by reactive oxygen species. Int Microb., 3:3–8.
Chen, L.X., Sabatini, D. A., and Kibbey, T. C. G. (2008). Role of the air–water interface in the retention of TiO2 nanoparticles in porous media during primary drainage. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1916–1921.
Chen, W., Duan, L., and Zhu, D. Q. (2007). Adsorption of polar and nonpolar organic chemicals to carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 8295–8300.
Chiou, C.T., Malcolm, R.L., Brinton, T. I., and Kile, D. E. (1986). Water solubility enhancement of some organic pollutants and pesticides by dissolved humic and fulvicacids. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 502–508.
Chithrani, B.D., Ghazani, A.A., and Chan, W.C.W. (2006). Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. Nano Lett., 6:662–668.
Cornelissen, G., Gustafsson, O., Bucheli, T.D., Jonker, M.T.O., Koelmans, A.A., and Van Noort, P.C.M. (2005). Extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal, and kerogen in sediments and soils: mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 6881–6895.
Eng, P.J., Trainor, T. P., Brown, G. E., Jr., Waychunas, G. A., Newville, M., Sutton, S. R., and Rivers, M. L. (2000). Structure of the hydrated a–Al2O3 (0001) surface. Science, 288: 1029–1033.
EPA. (2009). Nanotechnology White Paper. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 100/B–09/001, Washington DC 20460, USA.
Espinasse, B., Hotze, E. M., and Wiesner, M. R. (2007). Transport and retention of colloidal aggregates of C–60 in porous media: Effects of organic macromolecules, ionic composition, and preparation method. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41:7396–7402.
Fang, J., Lyon, D.Y., Dong, J., and Alvarez, P.J.J. (2007). Effect of a fullerene water suspension on bacterial phospholipids and membrane phase behavior. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 2636–2642.
Gotovac, S., Honda, H., Hattori, Y., Takahashi, K., Kanoh, H., and Kaneko, K. (2007). Effect of nanoscale curvature of single–walled carbon nanotubes on adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nano. Lett., 7: 583–587.
Gottschalk, F., Sonderer, T., Scholz, R. W., and Nowack, B. (2009). Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, fullerenes) for different regions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43: 9216–9222.
Guzman, K.A.D., Taylor, M.R., and Banfield, J.F. (2006). Environmental risks of nanotechnology: national nanotechnology initiative funding, 2000–2004. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40: 1401–1407.
Hochella, M.F. Jr., Lower, S.K., Maurice, P.A., Penn, R.L., Sahai, N., Sparks, D.L. and Twining, B.S. (2008). Nanominerals, mineral nanoparticles and Earth chemistry. Science, 21: 1631–1635.
Hu, C.G., Yang, C.H., and Hu, S.S. (2007). Hydrophobic adsorption of surfactants on water–soluble carbon nanotubes, a simple approach to improve sensitivity and antifouling capacity of carbon nanotubes–based electrochemical sensors. Electrochim., 9 : 128–134.
Iorio, M., Pan, B., Capasso, R., and Xing, B. S. (2008). Sorption of phenanthrene by dissolved organic matter and its complex with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Environ. Pollut., 156: 1021–1029.
Ji, L. L., Chen, W., Zheng, S. R., Xu, Z. Y., and Zhu, D. Q. (2009). Adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics to multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Langmuir, 25: 11608–11613.
Klaine, S. J., Alvarez, P. J. J., Batley, G. E., Fernandes, T. F., Handy, R. D., Lyon, D. Y., Mahendra, S., McLaughlin, M. J., and Lead, J. R. (2008). Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27:1825–1851.
Kretzschmar, R. and Schafer, T. (2005). Metal retention and transport on colloidal particles in the environment. Elements, 1: 205–210.
Limbach, L.K., Li, Y., Grass, R.N., Brunner, T.J., Hintermann, M.A., Muller, M., Gunther, D. and Stark, W.J. (2005). Oxide nanoparticle uptake in human lung fibroblasts: effects of particle size, agglomeration, and diffusion at low concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39 : 9370–9376.
Lin, D.H., and Xing, B.S. (2007). Phytotoxicity of nanoparticles: Inhibition of seed germination and root growth. Environ. Pollut., 150 : 243–250.
Lower, S. K., Maurice, P. A., Traina, S. J., and Carlson, E. H. (1998). Aqueous Pb sorption by hydroxylapatite: Applications of atomic force microscopy to dissolution, nucleation, and growth studies. American Mineralogist, 83: 147–158.
Lynch, I., Dawson, K.A., and Linse, S. (2006). Detecting cryptic epitopes created by nanoparticles. Sci. STKE., 3: 14–34.
Madden, A.S., and Hochella, M.F.( 2005). A test of geochemical reactivity as a function of mineral size: manganese oxidation promoted by hematite nanoparticles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 69 : 389–398.
Maurice, P. A., and Hochella, M. F. (2009). Nanoscale particles and processes: A new dimension in soil science. Adv. Agron., 100: 123–153.
Maurice, P.A., and Hochella, M.F. (2008). Nanoscale particles and processes: a new dimension in soil science. Adv. Agron., 100 : 124–153.
Maynard, A.D., Kouri, J.B., Ramirez, J.T., and Yacaman, M.J. (2006). Safe handling of nanotechnology. Nature, 444 : 267–69.
Murr, L.E., Soto, K.F., Esquivel, E. V., Bang, J. J., Guerrero, P. A., Lopez, D. A., and Ramirez, D.A. (2004). Carbon nanotubes and other fullerene–related nanocrystals in the environment: A TEM study. J. Mater. Sci., 56: 28–31.
Navarro, E. Baun, A., Behra, R., Nanna B.H., N.B.J., Miao, Ai–Jun., Quigg, A., Peter H. Santschi, P.H., and Sigg, L. (2008). Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi. Ecotoxicology, 17: 372–386.
Navrotsky, A. (2001). Thermochemistry of nanomaterials. In ‘‘Nanoparticles and the Environment. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry’’ (J. F. Banfield and A. Navrotsky, Eds.), Vol. 44, pp. 73–103. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Washington, DC.Chapter 3.
Neal, A.L. (2008). What can be inferred from bacterium– nanoparticle interactions about the potential consequences of environmental exposure to nanoparticles? Ecotoxicology, 17: 362–371.
Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L., and Li, N. (2006). Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science, 311 : 622–627.
Nielsen, A.E. (1964). Kinetics of Precipitation, MacMillan, New York, 151 p.
Nowack, B., and Bucheli, T.D. (2007) Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Environ Pollut., 150:5–22
Pan, B., and Xing, B. (2010). Manufactured nanoparticles and their sorption of organic chemicals. Advances in Agronomy, 108:137–181.
Pan, B., Ghosh, S., and Xing, B. S. (2007). Nonideal binding between dissolved humic acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 6472–6478.
Pan, B., Ghosh, S., and Xing, B.S. (2008). Dissolved organic matter conformation and its interaction with pyrene as affected by water chemistry and concentration. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42: 1594–1599.
Reijnders, L. (2006). Cleaner nanotechnology and hazard reduction of manufactured nanoparticles. J. Clean. Prod., 14: 124–133.
Shah, V., and Belozerova, I. (2009). Influence of metal nanoparticles on the soil microbial community and germination of lettuce seeds. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 197: 143–148.
Soni, I., and Bondi, S.B. (2004). Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: A case study on E. coli as a model for Gram–negative bacteria. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 275: 1770–1782.
Theng, B.K.G. (2008). Clay–organic interactions. In, Chesworth, W. (ed), Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 144–150.
Tong, Z., Bischoff, M., Nies, L., Applegate, B., and Turco, R.F. (2007). Impact of fullerene (C60) on a soil microbial community. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 2985–2991.
Wang, C.M., Baer, D.R., Amonette, J. E., Engelhard, M. H., Antony, J., and Qiang, Y. (2009). Morphology and electronic structure of the oxide shell on the surface of iron nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,131: 8824–8832.
Wang, Y., Wong, J.F., Teng, X.W., Lin, X.Z. and Yang, H. (2007). ‘‘Pulling’’ nanoparticles into water, phase transfer of oleic acid stabilized monodisperse nanoparticles into aqueous solutions of alphacyclodextrin. Nano. Lett., 7: 1555–1559.
Waychunas, G.A., Kim, C.S., and Banfield, J.F. (2005). Nanoparticulate iron oxide minerals in soils and sediments: unique properties and contaminant scavenging mechanisms. J. Nanopart. Res., 7: 409–433.
Yang, L., and Watts, D.J. (2005). Particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles. Toxicol. Lett., 158: 122–132.
Zhang, D., Pan, B., Zhang, H., Ning, P., and Xing, B. S. (2010). Contribution of different sulfamethoxazole species to their overall adsorption on functionalized carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 44: 3806–3811.
Zhu, S.Q., Oberdorster, E., and Haasch, M.L. (2008). Toxicity of an engineerednanoparticle (fullerene, C60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow. Marine Environ Res., 65: 5–9.
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Nanoparticles in the soil environment and their behaviour : An overview. (2012). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 4(2), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.270
