Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India
Article Main
Abstract
With the growing irrigation water scarcity, the researchers and policymakers are more concerned to improve the irrigation water use efficiency at farmers’ field level. The water-saving technologies provide greater control over water delivery to the crop root zone and reduce the non-beneficial evaporation from the crop field. Water productivity is an important concept for measuring and comparing water use efficiency. The present study tried to estimate the irrigation water use and physical water productivity of cotton under alternate furrow and drip irrigation methods in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Results suggest that crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for cotton irrigated by drip method than alternate furrow method during normal rainfall and drought year. The irrigation water use under the drip method of irrigation was lower as compared to the alternate furrow method. In the case of total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, per hectare crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for the drip method of irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall and drought year. In the case of total water use (effective rainfall + irrigation water), it was lower for drip irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall year and drought year. While estimating total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, it was assumed that there is no return flow of water from the cotton field in the study area under both irrigation methods.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Crop coefficient, Crop evapotranspiration, Effective rainfall, Physical water productivity, Reference evapotranspiration
References
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Assefa, T., Jha, Manoj, Reyes, Manuel, Tilahun, Seifu & Worqlul, A. W. (2019). Experimental evaluation of conservation agriculture with drip irrigation for water productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, Water, 11 (3),530-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030530
Barkunan, S. R., Bhanumathi, V. & Sethuram, J. (2019). Smart sensor for automatic drip irrigation system for paddy cultivation, Computer Electronic Engineering, 73, 180-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.201 8.11.013
Bouraima, K. A., Zhang, W. & Wei, C. (2015). Irrigation water requirements of rice using CropWat model in Northern Benin, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 8 (2), 58 – 64. DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20 150802.1290
De Fraiture, C. & Wichelns, D. (2010). Satisfying future water demands for agriculture, Agricultural Water Management, 97, 502-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.08.008
El-Habbasha, S. F., Okasha, E. M., Abdelraouf, R. E. & Mohammed, A. S. H. (2014). Effect of pressured irrigation systems, deficit irrigation and fertigation rates on yield, quality and water use efficiency of groundnut, International Journal of Chemical Technology Research, 7(1), 22-32.
Feng, J., Hussain, H. A., Hussain, S., Shi, C, Cholidah, L., Men, S., Ke, J., & Wang, L. (2020). Optimum water and fertiliser management for better growth and resource use efficiency of rapeseed in rainy and drought season, Sustainability, 12, 703. DOI: 10.3390/su12020703
Fucang, Z., Ligeng, W., Junliang, F., Yan, Z., Jing, Li & Yingying, X. (2015). Determination of optimal amount of irrigation and fertiliser under, drip fertigated system based on tomato yield, quality, water and, fertiliser use efficiency, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 31 (Supplement), 110-121.
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Hozayn, M. El-Monem, A. A. Abd, Abdelraouf, R. E. & Abdalla, M. M. (2013). Do Magnetic water affect water use efficiency, quality and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgari L.) plant under arid regions conditions? Journal of Agronomy, 12(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.3923/ja.2013.1.10
Kumar, D. Suresh & Palanisami, K. (2011). Can drip irrigation technology be socially beneficial? Evidence from southern India, Water Policy, 13(4), 571 – 587. https://doi.org/10.2166/WP.2010.311
Kumar, M. Dinesh, Christopher A. Scott & Singh, O. P. (2013). Can India raise agricultural productivity while reducing groundwater and energy use? International Journal of Water Resource Development, 20(4), 557-573. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2012.743957
Kumar, M. Dinesh, Christopher A. Scott & Singh, O. P. (2014). Raising agricultural productivity with reduced use of energy and groundwater: Role of market instrument and technology. In Kumar, M. Dinesh, Bassi, Nitin, Narayanmoorthy, A. & MVK Sivmohan (eds.) The water, energy and food security nexus: lesson from India for development. Rouldge and Routledge, Abindgon, OX 14 4RN and New York NY007, 97-124.
Kumari, Maina, Singh, O. P. & Meena, Dinesh Chand (2017). Optimising cropping pattern in Eastern Uttar Pradesh using Sen’s multi objective programming approach, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 30(2), 285 – 291. DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2017.00049.0
Kumari, Maina, Singh, O. P. & Meena, Dinesh Chand (2017). Crop water requirement, water productivity and comparative advantage of crop production in different regions of Uttar Pradesh, India, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(7), 2043-2052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.60 7.242
Laghari, T. S., Khaliq, A., Shah, S. H. H., Ali, S. Shahzad, H. & Nasir, U. (2014). Analysis of rainfall data to estimate rain contribution towards crop water requirement using CropWat model, Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 12(36, 9-17
Li, Maona, Liu, Yang, Yan, Haijun & Sui, Ruixiu (2017). Effects of irrigation amount on alfalfa yield and quality with a center-pivot system, Transactions of the ASABE, 60(5): 1633-1644. DOI: 10.13031/trans.12239
Lian, Yanhao, Meng, Xiangping, Yang, Zhen, Wang, Tianlu, Ali, Shahzad, Yang, Baoping, Zhang, Peng, Han, Qingfang, Jia, Zhikuan & Ren, Xiaolong (2017). Strategies for reducing the fertilizer application rate in the ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system in semiarid regions, Scientific Reports-2644, 1-15. DOI:10.1035/s41598-017-02731-ywww.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02731-y.p df
Macintosh, K. A., Doody, D. G., Withers, P. J., McDowell, R. W. Smith, D. R., Johnson, L. T., Bruulsema, T. W., O’Flaherty, V., & McGrath, J. W. (2019). Transforming soil phosphorus fertility management strategies to support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from agricultural systems, Science Total Environment, 649: 90-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.272
Mehriya, M. L., Geat, Neelam, Sarita, Singh, H., Mattar, M. A. & Elansary, H. O. (2020). Response of drip irrigation and fertigation on cumin yield, quality, and water use efficiency grown under arid climatic condition, Agronomy, 10, 1711. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111711
Montoya, F. Garcia, C. Pintos, F. & Otero, A. (2017). Effects of irrigation regime on the growth and yield of irrigated soybean in temperate humid climatic conditions, Agricultural Water Management, 193, 30-45. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.001
Narayanmurthy, A. (2012). Drip method of irrigation in Maharashtra: Status, economics and outreach. In K. Palanisami, S. Raman & Mohan K. (eds) Micro irrigation: economics and outreach, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd., Delhi: 120-139
Palanisami, K., Mohan, Kadiri, Kakumanu, K. R. & Raman, S. (2011). Spread and economics of micro-irrigation in India: Evidence from nine States, Economic and Political Weekly, Supplement (Review of Agriculture), 46 (26 & 27), 81 – 86.
Parthasarathi, T., Koothan, V., Sendass, M. & Eli V. (2018). Evaluation of drip irrigation system for water productivity and yield of rice, Agronomy Journal, 110(6), 2378-2389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.0 1.2002
Priya, A., Nema, A. K. & Islam, A. (2014). Effects of climate change and elevated CO2 on reference evapotranspiration in Varanasi, India – a case study, Journal of agrometeorology, 16(1), 44-51.
Qadir, M., Noble, A. D., Karajesh, F. & George, B. (2015). Potential business opportunities from saline water and salt-affected land resources, Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 5. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Qadir, M., Quillerou, E., Nangia, V., Murtaza, G., Singh, M., Thomas, R. J., Drechsel, P. & Noble, A. (2014). Economics of salt induced land degradation and restoration, Natural Resource Forum, 38(4), 282-295.
Shrivastava, Pooj & Rajesh Kumar (2015). Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(2), 123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.122.001
Singh, O. P., Singh, P. K., Singh, Rakesh, Badal, P. S. & Singh, H. P. (2013). Impact of water saving technology on blue water use and productivity: Analysis from North Gujarat, India, International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 6(4), 675-684. DOI: 10.5958/j.2230-732X.6.4.048
Singh, O. P. (2017). Improving irrigation water productivity in agriculture, Productivity, 57 (4), 362 – 367.
Singh, O. P. (2017a). Sustainable groundwater management and enhancing wheat yield through resource conservation technologies: Empirical evidences from different agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Statistical Sciences, 13(1), 67-73.
Singh, O. P. & Singh P. K. (2020). Environmental and socio-economic impact of zero-tillage in Indo-Gangatic plain of Uttar Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Statistical Sciences, 16(2), 589-598.
Surendran, U., Sandeep, O., Mammen, G. & Joseph, E. J. (2013). A novel technique of magnetic treatment of saline and hard water for irrigation and its impact on cow pea growth and water properties, International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 6(1), 85-92.
Uddian, M. T. & Dhar, A. R. (2020). Assessing the impact of water-saving technologies on Boro rice farming in Bangladesh: Economic and environmental prospective, Irrigation Science, 38(1&2), 199-212. DOI: 10.1007/s00271-019-00662-2
Willy, D. K., Muyanga, M. & Jayne, T. (2019). Can economic and environmental benefits associated with agricultural intensification be sustained at high population density? A farm level empirical analysis, Land Use Policy, 81, 100-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.046
Yan, S., Wu, Y, Fan, J., Zhang, F., Qiang, S., Zheng, J., Xiang, Y., Guo, J. & Zou, H. (2019). Effects of water and fertiliser management on grain filling characteristics, grain weight and productivity of drip-fertigated winter wheat, Agricultural Water Management, 213, 983-995. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.019
Zafar, Usman, Muhammad, A., Cheema, M. J. M. & Amhad, R. (2020), Sensor based drip irrigation to enhance crop yield and water productivity in Semi-arid climatic region of Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(5), 1293-1301. DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.83
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. & Smith Martin (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirement, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, Italy.
Amarasinghe, U. A., Smakhtin, V., Sharma, B. R. & Eriyagama, N. (2010). Bailout with white revolution or sink deeper? Groundwater depletion and impacts in the Moga district of Punjab, India, IWMI Research Report 138, Colombo, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Assefa, T., Jha, Manoj, Reyes, Manuel, Tilahun, Seifu & Worqlul, A. W. (2019). Experimental evaluation of conservation agriculture with drip irrigation for water productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, Water, 11 (3),530-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030530
Barkunan, S. R., Bhanumathi, V. & Sethuram, J. (2019). Smart sensor for automatic drip irrigation system for paddy cultivation, Computer Electronic Engineering, 73, 180-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.201 8.11.013
Bouraima, K. A., Zhang, W. & Wei, C. (2015). Irrigation water requirements of rice using CropWat model in Northern Benin, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 8 (2), 58 – 64. DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20 150802.1290
De Fraiture, C. & Wichelns, D. (2010). Satisfying future water demands for agriculture, Agricultural Water Management, 97, 502-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.08.008
El-Habbasha, S. F., Okasha, E. M., Abdelraouf, R. E. & Mohammed, A. S. H. (2014). Effect of pressured irrigation systems, deficit irrigation and fertigation rates on yield, quality and water use efficiency of groundnut, International Journal of Chemical Technology Research, 7(1), 22-32.
Feng, J., Hussain, H. A., Hussain, S., Shi, C, Cholidah, L., Men, S., Ke, J., & Wang, L. (2020). Optimum water and fertiliser management for better growth and resource use efficiency of rapeseed in rainy and drought season, Sustainability, 12, 703. DOI: 10.3390/su12020703
Fucang, Z., Ligeng, W., Junliang, F., Yan, Z., Jing, Li & Yingying, X. (2015). Determination of optimal amount of irrigation and fertiliser under, drip fertigated system based on tomato yield, quality, water and, fertiliser use efficiency, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 31 (Supplement), 110-121.
Government of India (2019). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2018. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.
Government of India (2019a). National compilation on Dynamic ground water resources of India, 2017. Central Groundwater Board, Department of water resources RD & GR, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, Faridabad.
Hozayn, M. El-Monem, A. A. Abd, Abdelraouf, R. E. & Abdalla, M. M. (2013). Do Magnetic water affect water use efficiency, quality and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgari L.) plant under arid regions conditions? Journal of Agronomy, 12(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.3923/ja.2013.1.10
Kumar, D. Suresh & Palanisami, K. (2011). Can drip irrigation technology be socially beneficial? Evidence from southern India, Water Policy, 13(4), 571 – 587. https://doi.org/10.2166/WP.2010.311
Kumar, M. Dinesh, Christopher A. Scott & Singh, O. P. (2013). Can India raise agricultural productivity while reducing groundwater and energy use? International Journal of Water Resource Development, 20(4), 557-573. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2012.743957
Kumar, M. Dinesh, Christopher A. Scott & Singh, O. P. (2014). Raising agricultural productivity with reduced use of energy and groundwater: Role of market instrument and technology. In Kumar, M. Dinesh, Bassi, Nitin, Narayanmoorthy, A. & MVK Sivmohan (eds.) The water, energy and food security nexus: lesson from India for development. Rouldge and Routledge, Abindgon, OX 14 4RN and New York NY007, 97-124.
Kumari, Maina, Singh, O. P. & Meena, Dinesh Chand (2017). Optimising cropping pattern in Eastern Uttar Pradesh using Sen’s multi objective programming approach, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 30(2), 285 – 291. DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2017.00049.0
Kumari, Maina, Singh, O. P. & Meena, Dinesh Chand (2017). Crop water requirement, water productivity and comparative advantage of crop production in different regions of Uttar Pradesh, India, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(7), 2043-2052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.60 7.242
Laghari, T. S., Khaliq, A., Shah, S. H. H., Ali, S. Shahzad, H. & Nasir, U. (2014). Analysis of rainfall data to estimate rain contribution towards crop water requirement using CropWat model, Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 12(36, 9-17
Li, Maona, Liu, Yang, Yan, Haijun & Sui, Ruixiu (2017). Effects of irrigation amount on alfalfa yield and quality with a center-pivot system, Transactions of the ASABE, 60(5): 1633-1644. DOI: 10.13031/trans.12239
Lian, Yanhao, Meng, Xiangping, Yang, Zhen, Wang, Tianlu, Ali, Shahzad, Yang, Baoping, Zhang, Peng, Han, Qingfang, Jia, Zhikuan & Ren, Xiaolong (2017). Strategies for reducing the fertilizer application rate in the ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system in semiarid regions, Scientific Reports-2644, 1-15. DOI:10.1035/s41598-017-02731-ywww.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02731-y.p df
Macintosh, K. A., Doody, D. G., Withers, P. J., McDowell, R. W. Smith, D. R., Johnson, L. T., Bruulsema, T. W., O’Flaherty, V., & McGrath, J. W. (2019). Transforming soil phosphorus fertility management strategies to support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from agricultural systems, Science Total Environment, 649: 90-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.272
Mehriya, M. L., Geat, Neelam, Sarita, Singh, H., Mattar, M. A. & Elansary, H. O. (2020). Response of drip irrigation and fertigation on cumin yield, quality, and water use efficiency grown under arid climatic condition, Agronomy, 10, 1711. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111711
Montoya, F. Garcia, C. Pintos, F. & Otero, A. (2017). Effects of irrigation regime on the growth and yield of irrigated soybean in temperate humid climatic conditions, Agricultural Water Management, 193, 30-45. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.001
Narayanmurthy, A. (2012). Drip method of irrigation in Maharashtra: Status, economics and outreach. In K. Palanisami, S. Raman & Mohan K. (eds) Micro irrigation: economics and outreach, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd., Delhi: 120-139
Palanisami, K., Mohan, Kadiri, Kakumanu, K. R. & Raman, S. (2011). Spread and economics of micro-irrigation in India: Evidence from nine States, Economic and Political Weekly, Supplement (Review of Agriculture), 46 (26 & 27), 81 – 86.
Parthasarathi, T., Koothan, V., Sendass, M. & Eli V. (2018). Evaluation of drip irrigation system for water productivity and yield of rice, Agronomy Journal, 110(6), 2378-2389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.0 1.2002
Priya, A., Nema, A. K. & Islam, A. (2014). Effects of climate change and elevated CO2 on reference evapotranspiration in Varanasi, India – a case study, Journal of agrometeorology, 16(1), 44-51.
Qadir, M., Noble, A. D., Karajesh, F. & George, B. (2015). Potential business opportunities from saline water and salt-affected land resources, Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 5. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Qadir, M., Quillerou, E., Nangia, V., Murtaza, G., Singh, M., Thomas, R. J., Drechsel, P. & Noble, A. (2014). Economics of salt induced land degradation and restoration, Natural Resource Forum, 38(4), 282-295.
Shrivastava, Pooj & Rajesh Kumar (2015). Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(2), 123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.122.001
Singh, O. P., Singh, P. K., Singh, Rakesh, Badal, P. S. & Singh, H. P. (2013). Impact of water saving technology on blue water use and productivity: Analysis from North Gujarat, India, International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 6(4), 675-684. DOI: 10.5958/j.2230-732X.6.4.048
Singh, O. P. (2017). Improving irrigation water productivity in agriculture, Productivity, 57 (4), 362 – 367.
Singh, O. P. (2017a). Sustainable groundwater management and enhancing wheat yield through resource conservation technologies: Empirical evidences from different agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Statistical Sciences, 13(1), 67-73.
Singh, O. P. & Singh P. K. (2020). Environmental and socio-economic impact of zero-tillage in Indo-Gangatic plain of Uttar Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Statistical Sciences, 16(2), 589-598.
Surendran, U., Sandeep, O., Mammen, G. & Joseph, E. J. (2013). A novel technique of magnetic treatment of saline and hard water for irrigation and its impact on cow pea growth and water properties, International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 6(1), 85-92.
Uddian, M. T. & Dhar, A. R. (2020). Assessing the impact of water-saving technologies on Boro rice farming in Bangladesh: Economic and environmental prospective, Irrigation Science, 38(1&2), 199-212. DOI: 10.1007/s00271-019-00662-2
Willy, D. K., Muyanga, M. & Jayne, T. (2019). Can economic and environmental benefits associated with agricultural intensification be sustained at high population density? A farm level empirical analysis, Land Use Policy, 81, 100-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.046
Yan, S., Wu, Y, Fan, J., Zhang, F., Qiang, S., Zheng, J., Xiang, Y., Guo, J. & Zou, H. (2019). Effects of water and fertiliser management on grain filling characteristics, grain weight and productivity of drip-fertigated winter wheat, Agricultural Water Management, 213, 983-995. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.019
Zafar, Usman, Muhammad, A., Cheema, M. J. M. & Amhad, R. (2020), Sensor based drip irrigation to enhance crop yield and water productivity in Semi-arid climatic region of Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(5), 1293-1301. DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.83
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Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(2), 677-685. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2696
