Pore resistivity variation by Resistivity imaging technique in sedimentary part of main Gadilam river basin, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Electrical resistivity is the only property of physics which give information of subsurface moisture content in the formation, Hence geophysical electrical resistivity survey was carried out to investigate the nature of shallow subsurface formations and geological contact in the main Gadilam river basin of Cuddalore District in Tamil Nadu. Twenty-seven vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted by Schlumberger configuration in the basin. Data is interpreted by curve matching techniques using IPI2 WIN software, layer parameters like apparent resistivity (?a) and thickness (h) interpretation were exported to Geographic Information System (GIS). Interpretation distinguishes three major geoelectric layers like topsoil, sandy clay layer, clayey sand layer along the contact zone in the basin. Interpreted VES sounding curves are mostly four-layer cases of QH, H, HA and KH type. Investigation demarcates lithology of subsurface and hydrogeological set up by employing maximum possible electrode sounding to infer saline water and freshwater occurrence based on resistivity signals. Zone of groundwater potential map was prepared with the combination of resistivity (?= ?1+ ?2+ ?3+ ?4) and corresponding thickness (T= T1+T2+T3+T4). High resistivity value of >200 ? m and low resistivity value of <10 ? m show the occurrence of alkaline and saline water within the formation aquifers as a result of possible rock water interaction and saline water dissolution. Four-layer resistivity cases from the matched curve (namely KH, AH, QA, and KA type) show the resistivity distribution/variation. It separates the freshwater depth wish from 1 to 140 ? m in fluvial sediments. Flood basin, sandstone and clay layer with low resistivity value of 3.16 - 7.5 ? m indicates contact with saline and freshwater aquifer. The Iso – resistivity map delineates saline water and freshwater zones with in the fourth layer cases in the same locations to indicate the irrational way of abstracting groundwater, resulting in saltwater ingress.
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Keywords
GIS, Hydrogeology, Lithology, Resistivity, Saline water, Thickness - VES
References
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Alile, O.M., Ujuambi, O., and Evbuomwan, I.A. (2011). Geoelectric investigation of groundwater in Obaretin–Iyanornon Locality, Edo State, Nigeria. J. Geol. Min. Res. 3(1), 13–20.
Aravindan, S., Manivel, M., and Chandrasekar, S.V.N. (2004). Groundwater quality in the hard rock area of the Gadilam river basin, Tamilnadu. Journal of Geological Society of India.63, 625–635.
Balasubramanian, A., Sharma, K.K., and Sastri, J.C.V. (1985). Geoelectrical and hydro geochemical evaluation of Coastal aquifers of Tambraparni basin, Tamilnadu. Geophys Res Bull 23, 203–209.
Bayewua, O.O., Oloruntola, M.O., Mosuro, G.O., Laniyan, T.A., Ariyo, S.O., and Fatoba, J.O. (2018). Assessment of groundwater prospect and aquifer protective capacity using resistivity method in Olabisi Onabanjo University campus, Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 7, 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2018.05.002
Bethrand Ekwundu Oguama., Johnson Cletus Ibuot., and Daniel Nnaemeka Obiora. (2020). Geohydraulic study of aquifer characteristics in parts of Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State using electrical resistivity soundings. Applied Water Science, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01206-2
Biswas, A., and Sharma, S.P. (2016). Integrated geophysical studies to elicit the subsurface structures associated with uranium mineralization around South Purulia Shear Zone, India: a review. Ore GeolRev 72, 1307–1326.
Bobachev, A., Modin, I., and Shevnin, V. (2003). IPI2WIN, User’s manual, programs set for 1-D VES data interpretation. Department of Geophysics, Geological Faculty, Moscow University, Russia.
CGWB (2015). Report on Pilot project on aquifer mapping in Lower Vellar watershed, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB).
Chakravarthi, V., Shankar, G.B.K., Muralidharan, D., Harinarayana, T., and Sundararajan, N. (2007). An integrated geophysical approach for imaging sub-basalt sedimentary basins: case study of Jam River basin, India. Geophysics, 72(6), B141–B147.
Custodio, E. (1997). Studying, monitoring and controlling seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. In: Guidelines for study, monitoring and control. FAO water reports no. 11: FAO, Rome, pp 7–23.
Deepa, S., Venkateswaran, S., Ayyandurai, R., Kannan, R., and Vijay Prabhu, M. (2016). Groundwater recharge potential zones mapping in upper Manimuktha Sub basin Vellar river Tamil Nadu India using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 2, 137 DOI 10.1007/s40808-016-0192-9
Devaraj, N., Chidambaram, S., Panda, B., Thivya, C., Thilagavathi, R., and Ganesh, N. (2018). Geo-electrical approach to determine the lithological contact and groundwater quality along the KT boundary of Tamilnadu, India. Model Earth Syst Environ., 4, 269–279. https://doi.or g/10.1007/s4080 8-018-0424-2
Ekanem, A.M. (2020). Georesistivity modelling and appraisal of soil water retention capacity in Akwa Ibom State University main campus and its environs, Southern Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. Doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00850-6
Eyankware, M.O., Ogwah, C., and Selemo, A.O.I. (2020). Geoelectrical Parameters for the Estimation of Groundwater Potential in Fracture Aquifer at Sub-Urban Area of Abakaliki, SE Nigeria. Int J Earth Sci Geophy.s, 6, 031. DOI: 10.35840/2631-5033/1831
Ezeh, C.C. (2011). Geoelectrical studies for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties in Enugu state. Niger Int J Phys Sci., 6(14):3319–3329.
Frohlich, R.K., Urish, D.W., Fuller, J., and Reilly, M.O. (1994). Use of geoelectrical method in ground water pollution surveys in a coastal environment. J Appl Geophys 32, 139–154.
Gautam Param, K., and Biswas Arkoprovo. (2016). 2D Geo-electrical imaging for shallow depth investigation in Doon Valley Sub-Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0225-4
George, N.J., Akpan, A.E., and Akpan, F.S. (2017). Assessment of spatial distribution of porosity and aquifer geohydraulic parameters in parts of the tertiary-quaternary hydrogeoresource of south-eastern Nigeria. NRIAG J Astron Geophys., 6(2), 422–433.
Ginsberg, A., and Levanton, A. (1976). Determination of saltwater interface by electrical resistivity sounding. Hydrol Sci Bull 21, 561–568.
Gopinath, S., and Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2014). Geophysical VES approach for seawater intrusion assessment in Nagapattinam and Karaikal coastal aquifers, India. Coastal resources and management strategies through spatial technology, Iyal Publications, India, pp 50–56.
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., and Prakash, R. (2018). Discriminating groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers of southeastern India: geophysical, hydrogeochemical and numerical modeling approach. Environ Sustain. Dev., Doi: 10.1007/s1068-018-0143-x
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., Suma, C.S., Prakash, R., Senthinathan, D., and Sarma, V.S. (2017). Vertical electrical sounding for mapping saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers of Nagapattinam and Karaikal, South India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag., DOI 10.1007/s40899-017-0178-4
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., Suma, C.S., Prakash, R., Senthinathan, D., Chandrasekaran, N., Srinivas, Y., and Sarma, V.S. (2015). Modeling saline water intrusion in Nagapattinam coastal aquifers, Tamilnadu, India. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 2:2 DOI 10.1007/s40808-015-0058-6
Hussain, Y., Ullah, S.F., Akhter, G., and Aslam, A.Q. (2017). Groundwater quality evaluation by electrical resistivity method for optimized tube well site selection in an ago-stressed Thal Doab Aquifer in Pakistan. Model Earth Syst Environ., 3(1),15.
Hussain, Y., Ullah, S.F., Dilawar, A., Akhter, G., Martinez-Carvajal, H., and Roig, H.L. (2016). Assessment of the pollution potential of an aquifer from surface contaminants in a geographic information system: a case study of Pakistan. Geo Chicago 2016. Sustain. Resil. Geotech. Eng., doi:10.1061/9780784480120.063
Ibuot, J.C., Okeke, F.N., George, N.J., and Obiora, D.N. (2017). Geophysical and physicochemical characterization of organic waste contamination of hydrolithofacies in the coastal dumpsite of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Water Sci Tech-W Sup., 17(6), 1626–1637.
Jagadeeswara Rao, P., Rao Suryaprakasa., Rao Jagannadha., and Harikrishna, P. (2003). Geoelectrical data analysis to demarcate groundwater pockets and recharge zone in Champavathi river basin, Vixianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. J Ind Geophy, 7(2), 105-113.
Kalinski, R.J., Kelly, W.E., and Bogardi, S. (1993). Combined use of geoelectrical sounding and profiling to quantify aquifer protection properties. Ground Water, 31, 538–544.
Kayode, J., Adelusi, A., Nawawi, M., Bawallah, M., and Olowolafe, T. (2016). Geoelectrical investigation of near surface conductive structures suitable for groundwater accumulation in a resistive crystalline basement environment: a case study of Isuada, southwestern Nigeria. JAfr Earth Sci., 119:289–302.
Kopsiaftis, G., Mantoglou, A., and Giannoulopoulos, P. (2009). Variable density coastal aquifer models with application to an aquifer on Thira Island. Desalination, 237, 65–80.
Lashkaripour, G.R. (2003). An investigation of groundwater condition by geoelectrical resistivity method: a case study in Korin aquifer, Southeast Iran. J Spatl, Hydrol, 3(1), 1-5.
Mehmood, Z., Khan, N.M., Sadiq, S., Mandokhail, S., Ullah, J., and Ashiq, S.Z. (2020). Assessment of subsurface lithology, groundwater depth, and quality of UET Lahore, Pakistan, using electrical resistivity method. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.10 07/s12517-020-5260-9
Nejad Hadi Tahmasbi., Hoseini Fatemeh Zakeri., Mumipour Mehdi., KaboliAbdolreza., and Najib Morteza. (2012). Delineation of the Aquifer in the Curin Basin, south of Zahedan city, Iran. Open GeolJ 6:1-6.
Oguama, B.E., Ibuot, J.C., Obiora, D.N., and Aka, M.U. (2019). Geophysical investigation of groundwater potential, aquifer parameters, and vulnerability: a case study of Enugu State College of Education (Technical). Model Earth Syst Environ 5,1123–1133. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s4080 8-019-00595 –x
Parasnis, D.S. (1997). Principles of Applied Geophysics. 5th Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 104-176.
Prasanna, M.V., Cidambaram, S., Nagarajan, R., Rajalingam, S., and Elayaraja, A. (2009). Geophysical investigation in the different litho units of Gadilam river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. In book: Recent trend in Water Research: Hydrochemical and Hydrological perspectives Publisher: I.K International Publishing group Pvt. Ltd. India.
Richardson, D.L. (1992). Hydrogeological and Analysis of the Ground Water flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91- 940, 117 pp.
Sholichin, Moh., and Tri Budi Prayogo. (2019). Field identification of groundwater potential zone by VES method in South malang, Indonesia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). Volume 10, Issue 02, pp. 999-1009, Article ID: IJCIET_10_02_097.
Subramanian, K.S., and Selvan, T.A. (2001). Geology of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Geological Society of India, Bangalore, pp.7-19.
Todd, D.K., and Mays, L.W. (2005). Groundwater hydrology, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken.
Waswa, Aaron K., Christopher, M., Nyamai., Eliud Mathu., Daniel, W., and Ichang’i. (2015). Application of Magnetic Survey in the Investigation of Iron Ore Deposits and Shear Zone Delineation: Case Study of Mutomo-Ikutha Area, SE Kenya. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 729-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.67059
Zohdy, A.A.R., Eaton, G.P., and Mabey, D.R. (1974). Applications of surface geophysics to groundwater investigations. Techn. Water Resour. Investig US Geol. Surv., 2116
Alile, O.M., Ujuambi, O., and Evbuomwan, I.A. (2011). Geoelectric investigation of groundwater in Obaretin–Iyanornon Locality, Edo State, Nigeria. J. Geol. Min. Res. 3(1), 13–20.
Aravindan, S., Manivel, M., and Chandrasekar, S.V.N. (2004). Groundwater quality in the hard rock area of the Gadilam river basin, Tamilnadu. Journal of Geological Society of India.63, 625–635.
Balasubramanian, A., Sharma, K.K., and Sastri, J.C.V. (1985). Geoelectrical and hydro geochemical evaluation of Coastal aquifers of Tambraparni basin, Tamilnadu. Geophys Res Bull 23, 203–209.
Bayewua, O.O., Oloruntola, M.O., Mosuro, G.O., Laniyan, T.A., Ariyo, S.O., and Fatoba, J.O. (2018). Assessment of groundwater prospect and aquifer protective capacity using resistivity method in Olabisi Onabanjo University campus, Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 7, 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2018.05.002
Bethrand Ekwundu Oguama., Johnson Cletus Ibuot., and Daniel Nnaemeka Obiora. (2020). Geohydraulic study of aquifer characteristics in parts of Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State using electrical resistivity soundings. Applied Water Science, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01206-2
Biswas, A., and Sharma, S.P. (2016). Integrated geophysical studies to elicit the subsurface structures associated with uranium mineralization around South Purulia Shear Zone, India: a review. Ore GeolRev 72, 1307–1326.
Bobachev, A., Modin, I., and Shevnin, V. (2003). IPI2WIN, User’s manual, programs set for 1-D VES data interpretation. Department of Geophysics, Geological Faculty, Moscow University, Russia.
CGWB (2015). Report on Pilot project on aquifer mapping in Lower Vellar watershed, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB).
Chakravarthi, V., Shankar, G.B.K., Muralidharan, D., Harinarayana, T., and Sundararajan, N. (2007). An integrated geophysical approach for imaging sub-basalt sedimentary basins: case study of Jam River basin, India. Geophysics, 72(6), B141–B147.
Custodio, E. (1997). Studying, monitoring and controlling seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. In: Guidelines for study, monitoring and control. FAO water reports no. 11: FAO, Rome, pp 7–23.
Deepa, S., Venkateswaran, S., Ayyandurai, R., Kannan, R., and Vijay Prabhu, M. (2016). Groundwater recharge potential zones mapping in upper Manimuktha Sub basin Vellar river Tamil Nadu India using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 2, 137 DOI 10.1007/s40808-016-0192-9
Devaraj, N., Chidambaram, S., Panda, B., Thivya, C., Thilagavathi, R., and Ganesh, N. (2018). Geo-electrical approach to determine the lithological contact and groundwater quality along the KT boundary of Tamilnadu, India. Model Earth Syst Environ., 4, 269–279. https://doi.or g/10.1007/s4080 8-018-0424-2
Ekanem, A.M. (2020). Georesistivity modelling and appraisal of soil water retention capacity in Akwa Ibom State University main campus and its environs, Southern Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. Doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00850-6
Eyankware, M.O., Ogwah, C., and Selemo, A.O.I. (2020). Geoelectrical Parameters for the Estimation of Groundwater Potential in Fracture Aquifer at Sub-Urban Area of Abakaliki, SE Nigeria. Int J Earth Sci Geophy.s, 6, 031. DOI: 10.35840/2631-5033/1831
Ezeh, C.C. (2011). Geoelectrical studies for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties in Enugu state. Niger Int J Phys Sci., 6(14):3319–3329.
Frohlich, R.K., Urish, D.W., Fuller, J., and Reilly, M.O. (1994). Use of geoelectrical method in ground water pollution surveys in a coastal environment. J Appl Geophys 32, 139–154.
Gautam Param, K., and Biswas Arkoprovo. (2016). 2D Geo-electrical imaging for shallow depth investigation in Doon Valley Sub-Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0225-4
George, N.J., Akpan, A.E., and Akpan, F.S. (2017). Assessment of spatial distribution of porosity and aquifer geohydraulic parameters in parts of the tertiary-quaternary hydrogeoresource of south-eastern Nigeria. NRIAG J Astron Geophys., 6(2), 422–433.
Ginsberg, A., and Levanton, A. (1976). Determination of saltwater interface by electrical resistivity sounding. Hydrol Sci Bull 21, 561–568.
Gopinath, S., and Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2014). Geophysical VES approach for seawater intrusion assessment in Nagapattinam and Karaikal coastal aquifers, India. Coastal resources and management strategies through spatial technology, Iyal Publications, India, pp 50–56.
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., and Prakash, R. (2018). Discriminating groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers of southeastern India: geophysical, hydrogeochemical and numerical modeling approach. Environ Sustain. Dev., Doi: 10.1007/s1068-018-0143-x
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., Suma, C.S., Prakash, R., Senthinathan, D., and Sarma, V.S. (2017). Vertical electrical sounding for mapping saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers of Nagapattinam and Karaikal, South India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag., DOI 10.1007/s40899-017-0178-4
Gopinath, S., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., Suma, C.S., Prakash, R., Senthinathan, D., Chandrasekaran, N., Srinivas, Y., and Sarma, V.S. (2015). Modeling saline water intrusion in Nagapattinam coastal aquifers, Tamilnadu, India. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 2:2 DOI 10.1007/s40808-015-0058-6
Hussain, Y., Ullah, S.F., Akhter, G., and Aslam, A.Q. (2017). Groundwater quality evaluation by electrical resistivity method for optimized tube well site selection in an ago-stressed Thal Doab Aquifer in Pakistan. Model Earth Syst Environ., 3(1),15.
Hussain, Y., Ullah, S.F., Dilawar, A., Akhter, G., Martinez-Carvajal, H., and Roig, H.L. (2016). Assessment of the pollution potential of an aquifer from surface contaminants in a geographic information system: a case study of Pakistan. Geo Chicago 2016. Sustain. Resil. Geotech. Eng., doi:10.1061/9780784480120.063
Ibuot, J.C., Okeke, F.N., George, N.J., and Obiora, D.N. (2017). Geophysical and physicochemical characterization of organic waste contamination of hydrolithofacies in the coastal dumpsite of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Water Sci Tech-W Sup., 17(6), 1626–1637.
Jagadeeswara Rao, P., Rao Suryaprakasa., Rao Jagannadha., and Harikrishna, P. (2003). Geoelectrical data analysis to demarcate groundwater pockets and recharge zone in Champavathi river basin, Vixianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. J Ind Geophy, 7(2), 105-113.
Kalinski, R.J., Kelly, W.E., and Bogardi, S. (1993). Combined use of geoelectrical sounding and profiling to quantify aquifer protection properties. Ground Water, 31, 538–544.
Kayode, J., Adelusi, A., Nawawi, M., Bawallah, M., and Olowolafe, T. (2016). Geoelectrical investigation of near surface conductive structures suitable for groundwater accumulation in a resistive crystalline basement environment: a case study of Isuada, southwestern Nigeria. JAfr Earth Sci., 119:289–302.
Kopsiaftis, G., Mantoglou, A., and Giannoulopoulos, P. (2009). Variable density coastal aquifer models with application to an aquifer on Thira Island. Desalination, 237, 65–80.
Lashkaripour, G.R. (2003). An investigation of groundwater condition by geoelectrical resistivity method: a case study in Korin aquifer, Southeast Iran. J Spatl, Hydrol, 3(1), 1-5.
Mehmood, Z., Khan, N.M., Sadiq, S., Mandokhail, S., Ullah, J., and Ashiq, S.Z. (2020). Assessment of subsurface lithology, groundwater depth, and quality of UET Lahore, Pakistan, using electrical resistivity method. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.10 07/s12517-020-5260-9
Nejad Hadi Tahmasbi., Hoseini Fatemeh Zakeri., Mumipour Mehdi., KaboliAbdolreza., and Najib Morteza. (2012). Delineation of the Aquifer in the Curin Basin, south of Zahedan city, Iran. Open GeolJ 6:1-6.
Oguama, B.E., Ibuot, J.C., Obiora, D.N., and Aka, M.U. (2019). Geophysical investigation of groundwater potential, aquifer parameters, and vulnerability: a case study of Enugu State College of Education (Technical). Model Earth Syst Environ 5,1123–1133. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s4080 8-019-00595 –x
Parasnis, D.S. (1997). Principles of Applied Geophysics. 5th Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 104-176.
Prasanna, M.V., Cidambaram, S., Nagarajan, R., Rajalingam, S., and Elayaraja, A. (2009). Geophysical investigation in the different litho units of Gadilam river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. In book: Recent trend in Water Research: Hydrochemical and Hydrological perspectives Publisher: I.K International Publishing group Pvt. Ltd. India.
Richardson, D.L. (1992). Hydrogeological and Analysis of the Ground Water flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91- 940, 117 pp.
Sholichin, Moh., and Tri Budi Prayogo. (2019). Field identification of groundwater potential zone by VES method in South malang, Indonesia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). Volume 10, Issue 02, pp. 999-1009, Article ID: IJCIET_10_02_097.
Subramanian, K.S., and Selvan, T.A. (2001). Geology of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Geological Society of India, Bangalore, pp.7-19.
Todd, D.K., and Mays, L.W. (2005). Groundwater hydrology, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken.
Waswa, Aaron K., Christopher, M., Nyamai., Eliud Mathu., Daniel, W., and Ichang’i. (2015). Application of Magnetic Survey in the Investigation of Iron Ore Deposits and Shear Zone Delineation: Case Study of Mutomo-Ikutha Area, SE Kenya. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 729-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.67059
Zohdy, A.A.R., Eaton, G.P., and Mabey, D.R. (1974). Applications of surface geophysics to groundwater investigations. Techn. Water Resour. Investig US Geol. Surv., 2116
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How to Cite
Pore resistivity variation by Resistivity imaging technique in sedimentary part of main Gadilam river basin, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 268-277. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2541
