Metabolomics using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibacterial activity of nine Ocimum taxa of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India
Article Main
Abstract
Ocimum traditionally known as Holy Basil or Tulsi is an available herb plenty across the country. Traditionally, it is used against a number of human diseases. In this present study, the metabolites present in the ethanolic extracts of nine Ocimum taxa, O. tenuiflorum L. (Green and purple type) two morphotypes of O. basilicum L., (Babu and Marua tulsi) two morphotypes of O. gratissimum L. (Ram and Ajowan tulsi) and each one from O. americanum L. (Bon tulsi), O. × africanum Lour. (Lebu tulsi), and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke.grown naturally in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India were identified using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the identified metabolites, carbohydrates, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon, amino acids, phenolic compounds, quinone, steroids, terpenoids and vitamin E were the chief constituents. The occurrence of these metabolites describes the high biological activity of Ocimum species. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial activities were also identified against four bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1305), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 2939). Tested bacterial strains were taken from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India The results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of all the nine Ocimum taxa have satisfactory minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against the tested microorganisms. O. tenuiflorum has the highest (91.03 %) metabolic content whereas O. × africanum has the minimum. This would definitely serve as a scientific basis of the traditional use of basil against human ailments.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Antibacterial activity, Ethanolic extracts, GC-MS, MIC, Ocimum
References
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Chowdhury, T., Roy, S.C.and De Sarker, D. (2019). Ethnobotanical study of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal, In: Martinez, J.L., MunÞoz-Acevedo, A., Mahendra Rai, M., (Eds.), Ethnobotany: Local Knowledge and Traditions. CRC Press, New Delhi, India, p132–157. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429424069.
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Chintaluri, A.K. and Komarraju, A.L. (2019). TLC-Bioautographic Detection of Antimicrobial Compounds in Essential Oils of Selected Ocimum Species. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 22, 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/097206 0 X.2019.1602082.
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Chouhan, S., Sharma, K.and Guleria, S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines, 4(3), 58. https://doi.org/1 0.3390/medicines4030058.
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Mohr, F.B.M., Lermen, C., Gazim, Z.C., Gonçalves, J.E.and Alberton, O. (2017). Antifungal activity, yield, and composition of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. Genet. Mol. Res. 16, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16019542.
Mondello, L., Zappia, G., Cotroneo, A., Bonaccorsi, I., Chowdhury, J.U., Yusuf, M. and Dugo, G. (2002). Studies on the essential oil bearing plants of Bangladesh, Part VIII. Composition of some Ocimum oils O. basilicum L. var. purpurascens, O. sanctum L. green, O.sanctum L. purple, O. americanum L. citral type, O. americanum L. camphor type. Flav. Fragr. J. 17, 335-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1108.
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Mandal, A., Ghosh, S., Bothra, A.K., Nanda, A.K.and Ghosh, P. (2012). Synthesis of friedelan triterpenoid analogs with DNA topoisomerase IIa inhibitory activity and their molecular docking studies. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 54, 137-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.037.
Nguefack, J., Dongmo, J.L., Dakole, C.D., Leth, V., Vismer, H.F., Torp, J., Guemdjom, E.F.N., Mbeffo, M., Tamgue, O., Fotio, D. and Zollo, P.A. (2009). Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 131(2-3), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmi cro.2009.02.009.
Oyedemi, S.O., Okoh, A.I., Mabinya, L.V., Pirochenva, G. and Afolayan, A.J. (2009). The proposed mechanism of bactericidal action of eugenol, ?-terpineol and g-terpinene against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8, 1280-86.
Padalia R.C.and Verma R.S. (2011). Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India. Nat. Prod. Res. 25, 569-75. https://doi.org/10.10 80/14786419.2010.482936.
Patel, J.B. (2017). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne.
Pereira, D. M., Correia-da-Silva, G., Valentão, P., Teixeira, N.and Andrade, P. B. (2014). Palmitic acid and ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-ol contribute to the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest of an extract from Marthasterias glacialis L. in neuroblastoma cells. Mar. Drugs. 12(1), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12010054.
Pauls, S.D., Rodway, L.A., Winter, T., Taylor, C.G., Zahradka, P.and Aukema, H.M. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of ?-linolenic acid in M1-like macrophages are associated with enhanced production of oxylipins from ?-linolenic and linoleic acid. J. Nutr. Biochem. 57, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.020
Rana, V.S.and Blazquez, M.A. (2015). Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of five Ocimum species from Western India. J. Essent. Oil Bear Pl. 18, 1234-1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.931255.
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Metabolomics using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibacterial activity of nine Ocimum taxa of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2508
