Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth performance of Salvia officinalis Linn.
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Abstract
Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a popular kitchen herb, member of mint (Lamiaceae) family has been cultivated for its wide range of medicinal values. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are beneficial symbionts for plant growth and development and offer a viable replacement of high input agricultural technology employed for production of environmentally hazardous fertilizers. Therefore, the present study was focused to analyze the effect of two AM fungi (Acalospora laevis and Glomus mosseae) along with Trichoderma viride, alone and in combination, on different growth parameters of S.officinalis in a green house pot experiment with sterilized soil. AM inoculum and T.viride showed significant increase of different growth parameters after 45 and 90 days of inoculation. Among all treatments, dual combination of A.laevis plus T.viride was most effective in increasing shoot length, leaf area, root length, root weight, AM spore number and percent root colonization. Moreover, maximum increase in shoot biomass was found in plant treated with T.viride.
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Keywords
Salvia officinalis, Acaulospora laevis, Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma viride, Growth response
References
Adholeya, A. and Gaur, A. (1994). Estimation of VAM fungal spores in soil. Mycorrhiza News, 6(1): 10-11.
Akhondzadeh, S. and Abbasi, S.H. (2006). Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Pam. J. Alzheimers Dis other Deman, 21: 113-118.
Akhtar, M.S. and Siddiqui, Z.A. (2007). Biocontrol of a chickpea root- rot disease complex with Glomus intraradices, Pseudomonas putida and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Austra. Plant Path., 36(2): 175-180.
Allen, M.F., Smith, W.K., Moore, T.S. and Chiristensen, M. (1981). Comparitive water relation and photosynthesis of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Bouteluoa gracilis H.B.K. New Phytol., 88:683-693.
Arshi, A. and Roy, A.K. (2008). Effect of vermicompost and endomycorrhizae on growth performance of Gliricidia sepium (Jaco. Kunth.) on overburden dump soil of coal field area. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 87(3-4): 178-181.
Artursson, V., Finlay, R.D. and Jansson, J.K. (2006). Interactions between AMF and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Env. Microbiol., 8(1): 1-10.
Auge, R.M. (2001). Water relations, drought and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 11: 3–42.
Auge, R.M., Schekel, K.A. and Wample, R.L. (1987). Rose leaf elasticity changes in response to mycorrhizal colonization and drought acclimation. Physiol. Plant., 70: 175-182.
Baricevic, D. and Bartol, T. (2000). The biological/ pharmacological activity of the Salvia genus. In: S.E. Kintzios (Ed.), SAGE- The genus Salvia (pp 143-184). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Bohra, A., Mathur, N., Bohra, S., Singh, J. and Vyas, A. (2007). Influence of AM fungi on physiological changes in Terminalia arjuna L.: An endangered tree of Indian thar desert. Indian Forester, 133(11): 1558-1562.
Boureima, S., Diouf, M., Diop, T.A., Datta, M., Leye, E.M., Ndiaye, F. and Seck, D. (2007). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and the development of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) African journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3): 234-238.
Charon, M.R., Rodriguez- Galan, O., Benitez, T., Sousa, S., Rey, M., Liobell, A. and Delgado- Jarana, J. (2007). Transcriptose analysis of early colonization of tomato roots by Trichoderma harzianum. Microbiology, 10(1): 19-27.
Chet, I., Viterbo, A., Brotman, Y. and Lousky, T. (2006). Enhancement of plant disease resistance by biocontrol agent Trichoderma. Life Science. URL:http:// www.weizmann.ac.il/.
Cliquet, J.B. and Stewart, G.R. (1993). Ammonia assimilation in maize infected with an AM fungus Glomus fasciculatum. Plant Physiol., 101: 865- 871.
Das, K., Dang, R., Shivananda, T.N. and Sekeroglu, N. (2007). Influence of bio-fertilizers on biomass yield and nutrient content in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. grown in Indian subtropics. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 1(1): 005-008.
Earanna, N., Mallikarjuniah, R.R., Bagyaraj, D.J., and Suresh, C.K. (2001). Response of Coleus aromaticus to Glomus fasciculatum and other beneficial soil microflora. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 10(2): 141-143.
Ebel, R.C., Stodola, A.J.W., Duan, X. and Augé, R.M. (1994). Nonhydraulic root-to shoot signaling in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum exposed to partial soil drying or root severing. New Phytol., 127: 495-506.
Farahani, A., Lebaschi, H., Hussein, M., Hussein, S.A., Reza, V.A. and Jahanfar, D. (2008). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(6): 125-131.
Fidelbous, M.W., Martin, C.A. and Stutz, J.C. (2001). Geographic isolates of Glomus increase root growth and whole- plant transpiration of citrus seedlings growth with high phosphorus. Mycorrhiza, 10: 231-236.
Gerdemann, J. W. and Nicolson, Y. H. (1963). Spores of mycorrhizae Endogone species extracted from soil by wet seiving and decanting. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 46: 235-244.
Griffee, P. and Metha, S. (2000). Organic production of medicinal, aromatic and dye yielding plants (MADPS) with inputs. New Delhi: FRLHT Publications.
Gupta, M.L. and Janardhanan, K.K. (1991). Mycorrhizal association of Glomus aggregatum with Palmarosa enchances, growth and biomass. Plant and Soil, 131: 261-264.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Iorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma species- opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Microbiol Rev., 2: 43-56.
Howell, C.R. (2003). Mechanism employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant disease, the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Dis., 87: 4-10.
Karthikeyan, B., Jaleel, C.A., Changxing, Z., Joe, M.M., Srimannarayan, J. and Deiveekasundaram, M. (2008). The effect of AM fungi and phosphorus level on the biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. EurAsia J BioSci., 2: 26-33.
Koomen, J., Grace, C. and Hayman, D.S. (1987). Effectiveness of single and multiple mycorrhizal inocula on growth of clover and strawberry plants at two soil pHs. Biochem. 19: 539-544.
Kumar, A., Aggarwal, A., Sharma, S. and Kaushish, S. (2008). Interaction of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth of Spilanthes acmella Murr. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 87(1-2): 120-124.
Kungiu, J.B., Lasco, R.D., Dela Cruz, L.U., Dela Cruz, R.E. and Husain, T. (2008). Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pak.J.Bot., 40(5): 2217-2224.
Li, Q., Ling, W., Gao, Y., Li, F. and Xiong, W. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal bioremediation and its mechanism of organic pollutants- contaminated soils. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao., 17(11): 2217-2221.
Menge, J.A. and Timmer, L.W. (1982). Procedure for inoculation of plants with VAM in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. In: N.C. Schenck (Ed.), Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research (pp 59). St.Pauls, USA: American Phytopathology Society.
Muthukumar, T. and Udaiyan, K. (2002). Growth and yield of cowpea as influenced by changes in AM in response to organic manuring. J.Agron. Crop Sci., 188(2): 123-132.
Ozbay, N., Newman, S.E. and Brown, W.M. (2004). The effect of Trichoderma harzianum strains in the growth of tomato seedlings. Proc. Xxvi. IHC Manage, Acta Hort. 635: 131-135.
Panwar, J.D.S. (1993). Effect of VAM and Azospirillum on growth and yield of wheat. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 34: 357-361.
Perrin, R. (1990). Interactions between mycorrhizae and diseases caused by soil borne fungi. Soil Use Manage., 6: 198-195.
Philips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and VAM fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 55: 158-161.
Reddy, B.N., Raghanender, C.R. and Sreevani,A. (2006). Approach for enhancing mycorrhiza mediated disease resistance of tomato damping off. Indian Phytopath., 59(3): 299-304.
Sharma, S., Aggarwal, A. and Kaushish, S. (2007). Effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 86(3-4): 100-104.
Shukla, S.K., Yadav, R.L., Suman, A. and Singh, P.N. (2008). Improving rhizospheric environment and sugarcane ratoon yield through bioagent amendment farm yard manure in udic ustrochrept soil. Soil & Tillage Research., 2480: 1-11.
Tobar, R., Azcon, R. and Barea, J.M. (1994a). Improved nitrogen uptake and transport from 15N-lebelled nitrate by external hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizae under water stressed conditions. New Phytol., 126: 119-122.
Tobar, R., Azcon, R. and Barea, J.M. (1994b). The improvement of plant N acquisition from an ammonium-treated, droughtstressed soil by the fungal symbiot in arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Mycorrhiza 4: 105-108.
Wang, M., Li, J., Rangarajan, M., Shao, Y., LaVoie, E.J., Huang, T.C. and Ho, C.T. (1998). Antioxidative phenolic compounds from sage (Salvia officinalis). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4869-4873.
Akhondzadeh, S. and Abbasi, S.H. (2006). Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Pam. J. Alzheimers Dis other Deman, 21: 113-118.
Akhtar, M.S. and Siddiqui, Z.A. (2007). Biocontrol of a chickpea root- rot disease complex with Glomus intraradices, Pseudomonas putida and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Austra. Plant Path., 36(2): 175-180.
Allen, M.F., Smith, W.K., Moore, T.S. and Chiristensen, M. (1981). Comparitive water relation and photosynthesis of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Bouteluoa gracilis H.B.K. New Phytol., 88:683-693.
Arshi, A. and Roy, A.K. (2008). Effect of vermicompost and endomycorrhizae on growth performance of Gliricidia sepium (Jaco. Kunth.) on overburden dump soil of coal field area. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 87(3-4): 178-181.
Artursson, V., Finlay, R.D. and Jansson, J.K. (2006). Interactions between AMF and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Env. Microbiol., 8(1): 1-10.
Auge, R.M. (2001). Water relations, drought and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 11: 3–42.
Auge, R.M., Schekel, K.A. and Wample, R.L. (1987). Rose leaf elasticity changes in response to mycorrhizal colonization and drought acclimation. Physiol. Plant., 70: 175-182.
Baricevic, D. and Bartol, T. (2000). The biological/ pharmacological activity of the Salvia genus. In: S.E. Kintzios (Ed.), SAGE- The genus Salvia (pp 143-184). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Bohra, A., Mathur, N., Bohra, S., Singh, J. and Vyas, A. (2007). Influence of AM fungi on physiological changes in Terminalia arjuna L.: An endangered tree of Indian thar desert. Indian Forester, 133(11): 1558-1562.
Boureima, S., Diouf, M., Diop, T.A., Datta, M., Leye, E.M., Ndiaye, F. and Seck, D. (2007). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and the development of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) African journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3): 234-238.
Charon, M.R., Rodriguez- Galan, O., Benitez, T., Sousa, S., Rey, M., Liobell, A. and Delgado- Jarana, J. (2007). Transcriptose analysis of early colonization of tomato roots by Trichoderma harzianum. Microbiology, 10(1): 19-27.
Chet, I., Viterbo, A., Brotman, Y. and Lousky, T. (2006). Enhancement of plant disease resistance by biocontrol agent Trichoderma. Life Science. URL:http:// www.weizmann.ac.il/.
Cliquet, J.B. and Stewart, G.R. (1993). Ammonia assimilation in maize infected with an AM fungus Glomus fasciculatum. Plant Physiol., 101: 865- 871.
Das, K., Dang, R., Shivananda, T.N. and Sekeroglu, N. (2007). Influence of bio-fertilizers on biomass yield and nutrient content in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. grown in Indian subtropics. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 1(1): 005-008.
Earanna, N., Mallikarjuniah, R.R., Bagyaraj, D.J., and Suresh, C.K. (2001). Response of Coleus aromaticus to Glomus fasciculatum and other beneficial soil microflora. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 10(2): 141-143.
Ebel, R.C., Stodola, A.J.W., Duan, X. and Augé, R.M. (1994). Nonhydraulic root-to shoot signaling in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum exposed to partial soil drying or root severing. New Phytol., 127: 495-506.
Farahani, A., Lebaschi, H., Hussein, M., Hussein, S.A., Reza, V.A. and Jahanfar, D. (2008). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(6): 125-131.
Fidelbous, M.W., Martin, C.A. and Stutz, J.C. (2001). Geographic isolates of Glomus increase root growth and whole- plant transpiration of citrus seedlings growth with high phosphorus. Mycorrhiza, 10: 231-236.
Gerdemann, J. W. and Nicolson, Y. H. (1963). Spores of mycorrhizae Endogone species extracted from soil by wet seiving and decanting. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 46: 235-244.
Griffee, P. and Metha, S. (2000). Organic production of medicinal, aromatic and dye yielding plants (MADPS) with inputs. New Delhi: FRLHT Publications.
Gupta, M.L. and Janardhanan, K.K. (1991). Mycorrhizal association of Glomus aggregatum with Palmarosa enchances, growth and biomass. Plant and Soil, 131: 261-264.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Iorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma species- opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Microbiol Rev., 2: 43-56.
Howell, C.R. (2003). Mechanism employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant disease, the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Dis., 87: 4-10.
Karthikeyan, B., Jaleel, C.A., Changxing, Z., Joe, M.M., Srimannarayan, J. and Deiveekasundaram, M. (2008). The effect of AM fungi and phosphorus level on the biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. EurAsia J BioSci., 2: 26-33.
Koomen, J., Grace, C. and Hayman, D.S. (1987). Effectiveness of single and multiple mycorrhizal inocula on growth of clover and strawberry plants at two soil pHs. Biochem. 19: 539-544.
Kumar, A., Aggarwal, A., Sharma, S. and Kaushish, S. (2008). Interaction of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth of Spilanthes acmella Murr. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 87(1-2): 120-124.
Kungiu, J.B., Lasco, R.D., Dela Cruz, L.U., Dela Cruz, R.E. and Husain, T. (2008). Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pak.J.Bot., 40(5): 2217-2224.
Li, Q., Ling, W., Gao, Y., Li, F. and Xiong, W. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal bioremediation and its mechanism of organic pollutants- contaminated soils. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao., 17(11): 2217-2221.
Menge, J.A. and Timmer, L.W. (1982). Procedure for inoculation of plants with VAM in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. In: N.C. Schenck (Ed.), Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research (pp 59). St.Pauls, USA: American Phytopathology Society.
Muthukumar, T. and Udaiyan, K. (2002). Growth and yield of cowpea as influenced by changes in AM in response to organic manuring. J.Agron. Crop Sci., 188(2): 123-132.
Ozbay, N., Newman, S.E. and Brown, W.M. (2004). The effect of Trichoderma harzianum strains in the growth of tomato seedlings. Proc. Xxvi. IHC Manage, Acta Hort. 635: 131-135.
Panwar, J.D.S. (1993). Effect of VAM and Azospirillum on growth and yield of wheat. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 34: 357-361.
Perrin, R. (1990). Interactions between mycorrhizae and diseases caused by soil borne fungi. Soil Use Manage., 6: 198-195.
Philips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and VAM fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 55: 158-161.
Reddy, B.N., Raghanender, C.R. and Sreevani,A. (2006). Approach for enhancing mycorrhiza mediated disease resistance of tomato damping off. Indian Phytopath., 59(3): 299-304.
Sharma, S., Aggarwal, A. and Kaushish, S. (2007). Effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 86(3-4): 100-104.
Shukla, S.K., Yadav, R.L., Suman, A. and Singh, P.N. (2008). Improving rhizospheric environment and sugarcane ratoon yield through bioagent amendment farm yard manure in udic ustrochrept soil. Soil & Tillage Research., 2480: 1-11.
Tobar, R., Azcon, R. and Barea, J.M. (1994a). Improved nitrogen uptake and transport from 15N-lebelled nitrate by external hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizae under water stressed conditions. New Phytol., 126: 119-122.
Tobar, R., Azcon, R. and Barea, J.M. (1994b). The improvement of plant N acquisition from an ammonium-treated, droughtstressed soil by the fungal symbiot in arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Mycorrhiza 4: 105-108.
Wang, M., Li, J., Rangarajan, M., Shao, Y., LaVoie, E.J., Huang, T.C. and Ho, C.T. (1998). Antioxidative phenolic compounds from sage (Salvia officinalis). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4869-4873.
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Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth performance of Salvia officinalis Linn. (2009). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 1(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.25
