Dental unit water lines: The infectious sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Abstract
Water quality in the dental unit water lines (DUWLs) is important to the patients and dental healthcare personnel as they are at risk of being infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of P. aeruginosa contamination in DUWLs and to study the antibiotic resistant profile. A total of 101 dental water samples including air/water spray (26), Ultrasonic scalar (24), Air rotor compressor (26) and Distilled water (25) were screened for P. aeruginosa and 67 samples were found to be contaminated by P. aeruginosa. All these isolates were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these, 63 (94.02%) showed resistance to ampicillin followed by 39 (58.20%) to amoxicillin, 11 (16.41%) to cefepime, 5 (7.46%) to aztreonam and 1 (1.49%) to gentamicin.
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Keywords
Antibiotic resistance, Dental unit water lines, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Water quality
References
Abdulsalam, I., Rafida, A., Ehae. Abo-Jnha, B. and Kald Tainah, C. (2010). Assessment of microbial pollution of the dental chairs water system (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in the City of Tripoli, Libya. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 66: 60-63.
Al-Hiyasat, A.S., Ma’ayeh, S.Y., Hindiyeh, M.Y. and Khander, Y.S. (2007). The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the dental unit waterline systems of teaching clinics. Int J Dent Hyg, 5: 36-44.
Barbeau, J., Tanguay, R., Faucher, E., Avezard, C., Trudel, L., Cote, L. and Prevost, A.P. (1996). Multiparametric analysis of waterlines contamination in dental units. Appl Environ Microbiol, 62: 3954-3959.
Barbeau, J., Gauthier, C. and Payment, P. (1998). Biofilms, infectious agents and dental unit waterlines: a review. Can J Microbiol, 44: 1019-1028.
Barben, J., Hafen, G. and Schmid, J. (2005). Swiss paediatric respiratory research group Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public swimming pools and bathroom water of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros, 4: 227-231.
Barben, J. and Schmid, J. (2008). Dental units as infection sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Respiratory Journal, 32(4): 1122-1123.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45: 493-496.
Botzenhardt, K., Puhr, O.F. and Doring, G. (1987). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the oral cavity of healthy adults: frequency and age distribution. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg Abt Orig B, 180: 471-479.
Carmeli, Y., Troillet, N. and Etiopoulos, G.M. (1999). Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of risk associated with different antipseudomonal agents. Antmicrob Agents Chemother, 43: 1379-1382.
CLSI (2007). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 17th Informational supplement. Approved standard M100-S17, Wayne, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Collee, J.G. and Marr, W. (1996). Tests for identification of bacteria and Laboratory control of antimicrobial therapy. Chapter 7 and 8. In: Mackie & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology, Collee, J.G., Fraser, A.G., Marmion B.P. and Simmons, A. (Ed.), 14th ed. (pp 131-151), Churchill Livingstone: New York.
Donlan, R.M. (2002). Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis, 8: 881-890.
Franco, F.F.S., Spratt, D., Leao, J.C. and Porter, S.R. (2005). Biofilm formation and control in dental unit waterlines. Biofilms, 2(1): 9-17.
Jorgensen, M.G., Detsch, S.G. and Wolinsky, LE. (1999). Disinfection and monitoring of dental unit waterlines. Gen Dent, 53:152-156.
Martin, M.V. (1987). The significance of the bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems. Br Dent J, 163:152-153.
Pankhurst, C.L., Johnson, N.W. and Woods, R.G. (1998). Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: the scientific argument. International Dental Journal, 48(4): 359-368.
Pankhurst, C.L. (2003). Risk assessment of dental unit waterline contamination. Primary Dental Care, 10(1): 5-10.
Siang, M.M., Yunus, Z., Yunus, A.R.M., Ahmad, Z. and Toosa, H. (2012). The microbiological quality of water from dental unit waterlines in Malaysian Armed Forces dental centres. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 7(1): 1-7.
Topping, J.W., Popkes, D.L. and Disanto, D.A. (1974). Salivary Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 38(1): 42-46.
Walker, J.T., Bradshaw, D.J., Bennett, A.M., Fulford, M.R., Martin, M.V. and Marsh, P.D. (2000). Microbial biofilm formation and contamination of dental-unit water systems in general practice. Appl Environ Microbiol, 66: 3363-3367.
Al-Hiyasat, A.S., Ma’ayeh, S.Y., Hindiyeh, M.Y. and Khander, Y.S. (2007). The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the dental unit waterline systems of teaching clinics. Int J Dent Hyg, 5: 36-44.
Barbeau, J., Tanguay, R., Faucher, E., Avezard, C., Trudel, L., Cote, L. and Prevost, A.P. (1996). Multiparametric analysis of waterlines contamination in dental units. Appl Environ Microbiol, 62: 3954-3959.
Barbeau, J., Gauthier, C. and Payment, P. (1998). Biofilms, infectious agents and dental unit waterlines: a review. Can J Microbiol, 44: 1019-1028.
Barben, J., Hafen, G. and Schmid, J. (2005). Swiss paediatric respiratory research group Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public swimming pools and bathroom water of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros, 4: 227-231.
Barben, J. and Schmid, J. (2008). Dental units as infection sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Respiratory Journal, 32(4): 1122-1123.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45: 493-496.
Botzenhardt, K., Puhr, O.F. and Doring, G. (1987). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the oral cavity of healthy adults: frequency and age distribution. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg Abt Orig B, 180: 471-479.
Carmeli, Y., Troillet, N. and Etiopoulos, G.M. (1999). Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of risk associated with different antipseudomonal agents. Antmicrob Agents Chemother, 43: 1379-1382.
CLSI (2007). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 17th Informational supplement. Approved standard M100-S17, Wayne, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Collee, J.G. and Marr, W. (1996). Tests for identification of bacteria and Laboratory control of antimicrobial therapy. Chapter 7 and 8. In: Mackie & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology, Collee, J.G., Fraser, A.G., Marmion B.P. and Simmons, A. (Ed.), 14th ed. (pp 131-151), Churchill Livingstone: New York.
Donlan, R.M. (2002). Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis, 8: 881-890.
Franco, F.F.S., Spratt, D., Leao, J.C. and Porter, S.R. (2005). Biofilm formation and control in dental unit waterlines. Biofilms, 2(1): 9-17.
Jorgensen, M.G., Detsch, S.G. and Wolinsky, LE. (1999). Disinfection and monitoring of dental unit waterlines. Gen Dent, 53:152-156.
Martin, M.V. (1987). The significance of the bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems. Br Dent J, 163:152-153.
Pankhurst, C.L., Johnson, N.W. and Woods, R.G. (1998). Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: the scientific argument. International Dental Journal, 48(4): 359-368.
Pankhurst, C.L. (2003). Risk assessment of dental unit waterline contamination. Primary Dental Care, 10(1): 5-10.
Siang, M.M., Yunus, Z., Yunus, A.R.M., Ahmad, Z. and Toosa, H. (2012). The microbiological quality of water from dental unit waterlines in Malaysian Armed Forces dental centres. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 7(1): 1-7.
Topping, J.W., Popkes, D.L. and Disanto, D.A. (1974). Salivary Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 38(1): 42-46.
Walker, J.T., Bradshaw, D.J., Bennett, A.M., Fulford, M.R., Martin, M.V. and Marsh, P.D. (2000). Microbial biofilm formation and contamination of dental-unit water systems in general practice. Appl Environ Microbiol, 66: 3363-3367.
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How to Cite
Dental unit water lines: The infectious sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2012). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 4(2), 200-203. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.249
