Molecular tools for identification and classification of Myxozoan parasites (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) in India: Current status
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Abstract
A substantial literature on myxosporea has been published to date using morphological characters and specificity of host tissue. Currently, there are some 2400 nominal species of myxosporea classified to 17 families and 64 genera. Approximately 300 species have been described from India and most of them have been described solely on the basis of morphological characteristics. Molecular markers like small subunit ribosomal (SSU) and large subunit ribosomal (LSU) DNA have been used worldwide for the identification and validation of fish myxosporeans. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on SSU rDNA sequences was used to study the phylogenetic relationship among myxosporeans infecting Indian fishes. Myxospore phylogenies disagree with traditional spore-based classification systems, probably due to extreme plasticity in myxospores morphologies that have resulted in extensive convergence. Morphological similarities exist among myxosporea that encounter several problems in categorizing them. That’s why present-day research has shifted to molecular techniques for identification and correct systematics of myxosporeans. Molecular studies of myxozoans in India are still scarce and in infancy. To address persisting taxonomic and phylogenetic discrepancies, validation of these species by molecular tools is needed, because earlier species were reported only on the basis of morphological data. Therefore, the present study has summarized existing molecular data and current status of molecular taxonomy of myxosporeans parasitizing fresh and marine water fishes of India along with the approaches of myxozoan phylogenetics and information about the molecular markers, their interpretation in the identification of myxozoans parasitizing fishes.
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Keywords
Myxosporea, Systematics, Fish parasites, Molecular marker, Phylogenetic analysis, Validation
References
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Chaudhary, A., Gupta, A., Goswami, U., Cech, G., Molnár, K., Singh, H. S. & Székely, C. (2019). Molecular Genetic Studies on Myxobolus cylindricus and Henneguya mystasi (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) Infecting Two Indian Fish Species, Channa gachua and Mystus vittatus, Respectively. Acta Parasitol., 64, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00014-8
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Fariya, N., Ali, D., Abide, R., Falodah, F. A., Alarifi, S. & Alkahtani, S. (2020). Morphological and molecular evidence for Myxobolus toyami as an evolutionary link between Thelohanellus and Myxobolus genera of myxozoan parasites. Fresenius. Environ. Bull., 29, 633-639.
Fiala, I. (2006). The phylogeny of Myxosporea (Myxozoa) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene analysis. Int. J. Parasitol., 36, 1521-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.06.016
Fiala, I. & Bartošová, P. (2010). History of myxozoan character evolution on the basis of rDNA and EF-2 data. BMC Evol. Biol., 10, 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-228
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Molecular tools for identification and classification of Myxozoan parasites (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) in India: Current status. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2451
