Chicken feather waste degradation by Alternaria tenuissima and its application on plant growth
Article Main
Abstract
The use of chicken as food is rising day today and as byproduct 8.5 billion tons, poultry feathers are produced worldwide, whereas India contributes about 350 million tons per annum. It is a waste product of poultry industries, are considered a potential high-quality protein supplement owing to their crude protein content of more than 85%. In the present study Alternaria tenuissima a keratinophilic fungus was used for feather degradation in submerged state fermentation and soil. Total Protein releases were studied in submerged state fermentation by A. tenuissima are 122µg/ml and 238µg/ml in 15 and 25 days respectively. Lysine, Methionine, Cysteine and Valine were found 15.8, 6.8, 20.2, 7.5 µg/ml in 25 days, respectively. Chicken feathers were mixed with soil and inoculated with spore suspension for degradation of complex keratin protein into simpler organic forms. A. tenuissima degraded feathers in soil and enhances nutritional value. Five-gram feathers in 250 g soil mixtures were found better growth enhancers and increased height. This work will reduce the solid waste generated in the form of feathers from the poultry industry, and convert it into a simpler organic form that can be used by plants.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Biofertilizer, Feather compost, Keratinophilic fungi, Keratinase
References
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Bairwa, S., Sharma, M. (2020). Isolation and purification of keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytic fungi from some public places of Jaipur city India. International Journal of Pharma and Bioscience, doi 10.22376/ijpbs.2020.11.1.b6-10.
Bohacz, J., Kornillowicz-Kowalska, T., Kitowski, I., Ciesielska, A. (2020). Degradation of chicken feathers by Aphanoascus keratinophillus and Chyrsosporium tropicum strains from pellets of predatory birds and its practical aspect. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 151(2020): 104968.
Brandelli, A., Riffel, A. (2005). Production of an extracellular keratinase from Chryseobacterium sp. growing on raw feathers. Elect J. Biotech, 8(1).
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A. (2006). The occurrence of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi from the soils of Himachal Pradesh (India). Czech Mycol, 58(1-2): 117-124.
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A., Shrivastav, A. (2010). The occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in selected soils of Ladakh (India). Natural Science, 2(11): 1247-1252.
Dong, Y., Chang, W., Chen, P.T. (2017). Characterization and over expression of a novel keratinase from Bacillus polyfermenticus B4 in recombinant Bacillus subtillis. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 4:47. doi 10.1186/s40643-017-0177-1.
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Ibrahim, A.D., Rabah, A.B., Ibrahim, M.L., Magami, I.M., Isah, J.G. et al. (2014). Bacteriological and chemical properties of soil amended with fermented poultry bird feathers. Int. J Biol. Chem. Sci, 8(3): 1243-1248.
Kim, W.K., Patterson, P.H. (2000). Nutritional value of enzyme or sodium hydroxide- treated feathers from dead hens. Poult. Sci. 79:528-534.
Kumar, J., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2014). Screening of fungi efficient in feather degradation and keratinase production. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res, 6(1): 73-78.
Kumar, J., Kumar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2015). Feather waste degradation by keratinophilic fungi: An alternative source for protein and amino acid. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res, 6(11): 160-164.
Kumar, J., Sharma, A., Kumar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2017). Enhancement of soil nutrition using fermented feather and their efficacy on seed germination. Int. J of Pure and Appl. Biosci, 5(1): 92-98.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Ranjall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin-phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193:265-275.
McGrath, R.,(1972). Protein measurement by ninhydrin determination of amino acids released by alkaline hydrolysis. Anal. Biochem, 49: 95-102.
Nagarajan, S., Eswaram, P., Masilamani, R.P., Natarajan, H. (2017).Chicken feather compost to promote the plant growth activity by using keratinolytic bacteria. Waste biomass valor, doi: 10.1007/s12649-017-0001-0.
Oluwaseun, A.C., Paomlpem, P., Sarin, N.B. (2018). Production of eco-friendly biofertilizers produced from crude and immobilized enzymes from Bacillus subtillisCH008 and their effect on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum. Plant Arch. 18(2):1455-1462.
Parihar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2000). Rapid degradation of human hair by Chrysosporium indicum isolated from soil of Thailand. Microbes: Agriculture, Industry and Environment, Bisen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehradun India, 177-181.
Pasupuleti, V.K., Holmes, C., Demain, A.L. (2010). Applications of protein hydrolysates in biotechnology. Springer Netherlands, pp. 1-9.
Sekar, V., Kannam, M., Sivakumar, N., Dheeba, B., Raju, M. (2015). Efficacy of poultry feather decomposition by native isolates of bacillus sp. and its impact on mineralization. Res. J. Pharma. Biolog and Chem. 6(1): 852-859.
Sharma R. (2016). Some keratinophilic fungi new to India. J. Mycopathol. Res, 54(1): 35-39
Sahoo, D.K., Thatoi, H., Mondal, K.C., Mohapatra, P.K.D. (2012). Keratinase production and biodegradation of whole chicken feather keratin by a newly isolated bacterium under submerged state fermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotech, 167: 1040-1051.
Tamreihao, K., Mukherjee, S., Khunjamayum, R., Jayadevi, L., Asem, R.S. et al. (2019). Feather degradation by keratinolytic bacteria and biofertilizing potential for sustainable agriculture production. J. of Basic Microbiol, 59: 4-13. Doi:10.1002/jobm201800434
Tiwary E, Gupta R. (2012). Rapid conversion of chicken feather to feather meal using dimeric keratinase from Bacillus licheniformis ER-15. Bioprocessing and Biotechniques, 2:4. doi.org/10.4172/2155-9821.1000123
Zheljazkov, V.D. (2005). Assessment of wool waste and hair waste as soil amendment and nutrient source. J. Environ. Qual, 34: 2310-2317.
Arokiyaraj, S., Vargese, R., Ahmad, B.A., Duraipandyan, V., Al- Dhabi, N.A. (2019). Optimizing the fermentation conditions and enhanced production of keratinase from Bacillus cereus isolated from halophilic environment. Saudi Journal of biological sciences, 26:378-381.
Bairwa, S., Sharma, M. (2020). Isolation and purification of keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytic fungi from some public places of Jaipur city India. International Journal of Pharma and Bioscience, doi 10.22376/ijpbs.2020.11.1.b6-10.
Bohacz, J., Kornillowicz-Kowalska, T., Kitowski, I., Ciesielska, A. (2020). Degradation of chicken feathers by Aphanoascus keratinophillus and Chyrsosporium tropicum strains from pellets of predatory birds and its practical aspect. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 151(2020): 104968.
Brandelli, A., Riffel, A. (2005). Production of an extracellular keratinase from Chryseobacterium sp. growing on raw feathers. Elect J. Biotech, 8(1).
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A. (2006). The occurrence of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi from the soils of Himachal Pradesh (India). Czech Mycol, 58(1-2): 117-124.
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A., Shrivastav, A. (2010). The occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in selected soils of Ladakh (India). Natural Science, 2(11): 1247-1252.
Dong, Y., Chang, W., Chen, P.T. (2017). Characterization and over expression of a novel keratinase from Bacillus polyfermenticus B4 in recombinant Bacillus subtillis. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 4:47. doi 10.1186/s40643-017-0177-1.
Gousterova, A., Braikova, D., Goshev, I., Christov, P., Tishinow, K. et al. (2005). Degradation of keratin and Collagen containing wasted by newly isolated thermoactinomycetes by alkaline hydrolysis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol, 40:335-340.
Gupta R, Ramnani P. (2006). Microbial keratinases and their prospective applications: an overview. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 70: 21-33.
Ibrahim, A.D., Rabah, A.B., Ibrahim, M.L., Magami, I.M., Isah, J.G. et al. (2014). Bacteriological and chemical properties of soil amended with fermented poultry bird feathers. Int. J Biol. Chem. Sci, 8(3): 1243-1248.
Kim, W.K., Patterson, P.H. (2000). Nutritional value of enzyme or sodium hydroxide- treated feathers from dead hens. Poult. Sci. 79:528-534.
Kumar, J., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2014). Screening of fungi efficient in feather degradation and keratinase production. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res, 6(1): 73-78.
Kumar, J., Kumar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2015). Feather waste degradation by keratinophilic fungi: An alternative source for protein and amino acid. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res, 6(11): 160-164.
Kumar, J., Sharma, A., Kumar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2017). Enhancement of soil nutrition using fermented feather and their efficacy on seed germination. Int. J of Pure and Appl. Biosci, 5(1): 92-98.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Ranjall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin-phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193:265-275.
McGrath, R.,(1972). Protein measurement by ninhydrin determination of amino acids released by alkaline hydrolysis. Anal. Biochem, 49: 95-102.
Nagarajan, S., Eswaram, P., Masilamani, R.P., Natarajan, H. (2017).Chicken feather compost to promote the plant growth activity by using keratinolytic bacteria. Waste biomass valor, doi: 10.1007/s12649-017-0001-0.
Oluwaseun, A.C., Paomlpem, P., Sarin, N.B. (2018). Production of eco-friendly biofertilizers produced from crude and immobilized enzymes from Bacillus subtillisCH008 and their effect on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum. Plant Arch. 18(2):1455-1462.
Parihar, P., Kushwaha, R.K.S. (2000). Rapid degradation of human hair by Chrysosporium indicum isolated from soil of Thailand. Microbes: Agriculture, Industry and Environment, Bisen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehradun India, 177-181.
Pasupuleti, V.K., Holmes, C., Demain, A.L. (2010). Applications of protein hydrolysates in biotechnology. Springer Netherlands, pp. 1-9.
Sekar, V., Kannam, M., Sivakumar, N., Dheeba, B., Raju, M. (2015). Efficacy of poultry feather decomposition by native isolates of bacillus sp. and its impact on mineralization. Res. J. Pharma. Biolog and Chem. 6(1): 852-859.
Sharma R. (2016). Some keratinophilic fungi new to India. J. Mycopathol. Res, 54(1): 35-39
Sahoo, D.K., Thatoi, H., Mondal, K.C., Mohapatra, P.K.D. (2012). Keratinase production and biodegradation of whole chicken feather keratin by a newly isolated bacterium under submerged state fermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotech, 167: 1040-1051.
Tamreihao, K., Mukherjee, S., Khunjamayum, R., Jayadevi, L., Asem, R.S. et al. (2019). Feather degradation by keratinolytic bacteria and biofertilizing potential for sustainable agriculture production. J. of Basic Microbiol, 59: 4-13. Doi:10.1002/jobm201800434
Tiwary E, Gupta R. (2012). Rapid conversion of chicken feather to feather meal using dimeric keratinase from Bacillus licheniformis ER-15. Bioprocessing and Biotechniques, 2:4. doi.org/10.4172/2155-9821.1000123
Zheljazkov, V.D. (2005). Assessment of wool waste and hair waste as soil amendment and nutrient source. J. Environ. Qual, 34: 2310-2317.
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How to Cite
Chicken feather waste degradation by Alternaria tenuissima and its application on plant growth. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(3), 411-414. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2345
