Identification of geospatial variability of fluoride contamination in ground water of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Groundwater is one of the major sources of water in arid and semi-arid regions. Groundwater quality data and its spatial distribution are important for the purpose of planning and management. Geo-statistical methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this study, kriging methods were used for predicting the spatial distribution of fluoride content in groundwater. Data were collected from 13 wells in Mathura district (Uttar Pradesh, India). After normalization of data, semivariogram was drawn, for selecting suitable model for fitness on experimental semivariogram, less residual sum of squares (RSS) value was used. Then fluoride endemic areas of the Mathura District (study area) were identified from developed semivariogram model and Geospatial variability (high and low fluoride containing areas) map was generated with the help of Geographic
Information System. In the analysis, spatial distribution characteristics and variation of fluoride concentration in shallow groundwater found to be 3.4 and 4.6 mg/l at Sahar, Shahpur were higher than the standard limits (1.5 mg/l) of drinking water and shows remarkable spatial variability.
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Keywords
Geo-statistical methods, Ground water quality, Interpolation, Spatial distribution
References
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Ahmed, S. (2002). Groundwater monitoring network design: Application of Geostatistics with a few Case studies from a granitic aquifer in a semiarid region. In: Groundwater Hydrology (eds. Sherif, M.M., V.P. Singh., M. Al-Rashed). Balkema, Tokyo, Japan, 2: 37–57.
APHA (1996). Standard methods for examination of water and waste water 19th eds. Washington, DC.
Barca, E. and Passarella, G. (2008). Spatial evaluation of the risk of groundwater quality degradation. A comparison between disjunctive kriging and geostatistical simulation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 137: 261-273.
BIS (1991). Indian standard drinking water - specification (First Revision) IS-10500:1991. BIS, New Delhi, India
Dhiman S.D.and Keshari, A K. (2001).Genesis of fluoride contamination in Western Indian aquifers. In: Proc. Int. conf. on future groundwater resources at risk, FGR 01, June 25- 27, Lisbon, Portugal, Themes 1–3, 1–8.
Dagostino, V., Greene, E.A., Passarella G. and Vurro, M. (1998). Spatial and temporal study of nitrate concentration in groundwater by means of coregionalization. Environmental Geology, 36: 285–295.
Ekhtesasi, M.R, (2004). Morphometric and morphodynamic study of wind erosion facies of Yazd-Ardakan plain and determination of indicator of this process for function in desertification evalution models, Ph.D Thesis, University of Tehran, Faculity of Natural Resources.
Franco, M., Francisca, M.E. and Carro Perez. (2009). Assessment of natural arsenic in groundwater in Cordoba Province, Argentina. Environ Geochem Health, 31: 673–682.
Fordyce, F.M. (2007). A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 29:83–102.
Finke, P.A., Brus,D.J., Bierkens,M.F.P., Hoogland,T., Knotters, M. and Vries, F. de. (2004). Mapping groundwater dynamics using multiple sources of exhaustive high resolution data. Geoderma, 123: 23–39.
Goovaerts, P., AvRuskin, G., Meiliker, J., Slotnick, M., Jacquez, G. and Nriagu, J. (2005). Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability of arsenic in groundwater of southeast Michigan. Journal of Water Resources, 41: 1–19,
Gaus, I., Kinniburgh, D.G., Talbot J.C. and Webster, R. (2003). Geostatistical analysis of arsenic concentration in groundwater in Bangladesh using disjunctive kriging. Environmental Geology, 44: 939–948.
Goovaerts, P. (1999). Geostatistics in soil science: State-ofthe- art and perspectives. Geoderma, 89:1–45.
Goovaerts, P. (1997), Geostatistics for natural resource evaluation. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
Hong, I. A. and Chon, H. T. (1999). Assessment of groundwater contamination using geographic information systems. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 21(3): 273–289.
Hounslow, A.W. (1995). Water quality data analysis and interpretation, Oklahoma State University of Stillwater, Oklahoma, Lewis Publishers. PP–39
Hem, J.D. (1989). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, (Third Edition), U.S Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 22:54, United States Government Printing Office 1989.
Handa, B. K. (1975). Geochemistry and genesis of fluoridecontaining ground waters in India. Ground Water, 13 (3) : 275 -281.
Handa, B. K. (1988). Fluoride occurrence in natural waters in India and its significance. Bhu-Jal News. 3 (2): 31–37.
Istok, J.D. and Cooper, R.M. (1998). Geostatistics Applied to Groundwater Pollution. III: Global Estimates. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 114 (4): 915–928.
Karthikeyan, G. and Shunmugasundarraj, A. (2000). Research Report. Fluoride, 33: 121–127.
Karro, E., Indermitte, E., Saava, A., Haamer, K. and Marandi, A. (2006). Fluoride occurrence in publicly supplied drinking water in Estonia. Environmental Geology, 50(3): 389–396.
Nazari, Zade, F., Arshadiyan Behnaz F. Z. and Vakily Kamran (2006). Study of spatial variability of groundwater quality of Balarood plain in Khuzestan province. The first congress of optimized exploitation from water source of Karoon and Zayanderood Plain. University of Shahre kord, Persian Version, pp: 1236–1240.
Nawlakhe, W. G. and Bulusu, K. R. (1989).Water treatment technology for removal of excess fluoride. Proc. Int. workshop on appropriate methodologies for development and management of ground resources in developing countries, (Hyderabad, India, 2 February- 4 March) 4 (2), 815-828.
Meer, F. Vander. (1993). Introduction to geostatistics (GOL 38) Lecture Note, ITC MSc environmental systems Analysis and monitoring module, ESM.
Robinson, T. P. and Metternicht, G. (2006). Testing the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil properties. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 50: 97–108.
Stefanoni, L.H. and Hernandez, R.P. (2006). Mapping the spatial variability of plant diversity in a tropical forest: Comparison of spatial interpolation methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 117: 307-334.
Safari, M. (2002). Determination filtration network of Groundwater using geostatistic method. M.Sc Thesis. University of Tarbiyat Modares, Agricultural Faculty, Persian Version.
Srivastava, A., Tripathi, N. K. and Gokhale, K.V. G. K. (1997). Mapping groundwater salinity using IRS-1B LISS II data and GIS techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18(13) : 2853–2862.
Sawyer, C. N. and Mcarty, P. L. (1967). Chemistry for sanitary engineers, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Todd, D.K., (1980). Groundwater hydrology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Microbial Community Fingerprinting at a Waste Disposal Site, pp: 1–11.
WHO (1993). Guidelines for drinkingwater quality, World Health Organization.
Ahmed, S. (2002). Groundwater monitoring network design: Application of Geostatistics with a few Case studies from a granitic aquifer in a semiarid region. In: Groundwater Hydrology (eds. Sherif, M.M., V.P. Singh., M. Al-Rashed). Balkema, Tokyo, Japan, 2: 37–57.
APHA (1996). Standard methods for examination of water and waste water 19th eds. Washington, DC.
Barca, E. and Passarella, G. (2008). Spatial evaluation of the risk of groundwater quality degradation. A comparison between disjunctive kriging and geostatistical simulation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 137: 261-273.
BIS (1991). Indian standard drinking water - specification (First Revision) IS-10500:1991. BIS, New Delhi, India
Dhiman S.D.and Keshari, A K. (2001).Genesis of fluoride contamination in Western Indian aquifers. In: Proc. Int. conf. on future groundwater resources at risk, FGR 01, June 25- 27, Lisbon, Portugal, Themes 1–3, 1–8.
Dagostino, V., Greene, E.A., Passarella G. and Vurro, M. (1998). Spatial and temporal study of nitrate concentration in groundwater by means of coregionalization. Environmental Geology, 36: 285–295.
Ekhtesasi, M.R, (2004). Morphometric and morphodynamic study of wind erosion facies of Yazd-Ardakan plain and determination of indicator of this process for function in desertification evalution models, Ph.D Thesis, University of Tehran, Faculity of Natural Resources.
Franco, M., Francisca, M.E. and Carro Perez. (2009). Assessment of natural arsenic in groundwater in Cordoba Province, Argentina. Environ Geochem Health, 31: 673–682.
Fordyce, F.M. (2007). A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 29:83–102.
Finke, P.A., Brus,D.J., Bierkens,M.F.P., Hoogland,T., Knotters, M. and Vries, F. de. (2004). Mapping groundwater dynamics using multiple sources of exhaustive high resolution data. Geoderma, 123: 23–39.
Goovaerts, P., AvRuskin, G., Meiliker, J., Slotnick, M., Jacquez, G. and Nriagu, J. (2005). Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability of arsenic in groundwater of southeast Michigan. Journal of Water Resources, 41: 1–19,
Gaus, I., Kinniburgh, D.G., Talbot J.C. and Webster, R. (2003). Geostatistical analysis of arsenic concentration in groundwater in Bangladesh using disjunctive kriging. Environmental Geology, 44: 939–948.
Goovaerts, P. (1999). Geostatistics in soil science: State-ofthe- art and perspectives. Geoderma, 89:1–45.
Goovaerts, P. (1997), Geostatistics for natural resource evaluation. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
Hong, I. A. and Chon, H. T. (1999). Assessment of groundwater contamination using geographic information systems. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 21(3): 273–289.
Hounslow, A.W. (1995). Water quality data analysis and interpretation, Oklahoma State University of Stillwater, Oklahoma, Lewis Publishers. PP–39
Hem, J.D. (1989). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, (Third Edition), U.S Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 22:54, United States Government Printing Office 1989.
Handa, B. K. (1975). Geochemistry and genesis of fluoridecontaining ground waters in India. Ground Water, 13 (3) : 275 -281.
Handa, B. K. (1988). Fluoride occurrence in natural waters in India and its significance. Bhu-Jal News. 3 (2): 31–37.
Istok, J.D. and Cooper, R.M. (1998). Geostatistics Applied to Groundwater Pollution. III: Global Estimates. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 114 (4): 915–928.
Karthikeyan, G. and Shunmugasundarraj, A. (2000). Research Report. Fluoride, 33: 121–127.
Karro, E., Indermitte, E., Saava, A., Haamer, K. and Marandi, A. (2006). Fluoride occurrence in publicly supplied drinking water in Estonia. Environmental Geology, 50(3): 389–396.
Nazari, Zade, F., Arshadiyan Behnaz F. Z. and Vakily Kamran (2006). Study of spatial variability of groundwater quality of Balarood plain in Khuzestan province. The first congress of optimized exploitation from water source of Karoon and Zayanderood Plain. University of Shahre kord, Persian Version, pp: 1236–1240.
Nawlakhe, W. G. and Bulusu, K. R. (1989).Water treatment technology for removal of excess fluoride. Proc. Int. workshop on appropriate methodologies for development and management of ground resources in developing countries, (Hyderabad, India, 2 February- 4 March) 4 (2), 815-828.
Meer, F. Vander. (1993). Introduction to geostatistics (GOL 38) Lecture Note, ITC MSc environmental systems Analysis and monitoring module, ESM.
Robinson, T. P. and Metternicht, G. (2006). Testing the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil properties. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 50: 97–108.
Stefanoni, L.H. and Hernandez, R.P. (2006). Mapping the spatial variability of plant diversity in a tropical forest: Comparison of spatial interpolation methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 117: 307-334.
Safari, M. (2002). Determination filtration network of Groundwater using geostatistic method. M.Sc Thesis. University of Tarbiyat Modares, Agricultural Faculty, Persian Version.
Srivastava, A., Tripathi, N. K. and Gokhale, K.V. G. K. (1997). Mapping groundwater salinity using IRS-1B LISS II data and GIS techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18(13) : 2853–2862.
Sawyer, C. N. and Mcarty, P. L. (1967). Chemistry for sanitary engineers, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Todd, D.K., (1980). Groundwater hydrology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Microbial Community Fingerprinting at a Waste Disposal Site, pp: 1–11.
WHO (1993). Guidelines for drinkingwater quality, World Health Organization.
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Identification of geospatial variability of fluoride contamination in ground water of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India. (2012). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 4(1), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i1.234
