Fecundity, histomorphology of the ovary and size at first maturity of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) in Tamor River, Nepal
Article Main
Abstract
Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839) is one among the notable species in snow-fed torrential rivers of Nepal. The present study attempts to investigate some reproductive traits of N. hexagonolepis, including the length at first maturity, fecundity and its relationships with biometric variables like lengths (TL, SL, and FL) and weights (TW and OW) of the fish in the mid-reaches of Tamor River, Nepal. A total of 109 fish samples were collected from the river. For each individual, total length (TL), standard length (SL) and fork length (FL) were measured in a fully stretched condition to the nearest 1mm using a measuring tape and graduated ruler, while total weight (TW) and ovary weight (OW) was measured using a digital balance with the precision of 0.01 g. The mean absolute fecundity (F) was 8356.44 ± 4612.59 and ranged from 2398.6 to 20160. SL was more significantly correlated with absolute fecundity (R2=0.59; p<0.001) than other body metrics. The results showed that female individuals of N. hexagonolepis attained the first sexual maturity at TL 32.9 cm. N. hexagonolepis exhibited a protracted breeding period with its ovaries passing through six different stages of maturation. The finding of the present study may serve as a protocol for fishery biologists and managers to promulgate adequate regulations for continual fishery management in the River Tamor, Nepal.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Absolute fecundity , Maturation cycle, Reproductive traits, Size at first sexual maturity, Total length
References
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Arjamand, S., Dar, S.A., Desai, A.Y., Sayani, A.N., Yusufzai, S.I., Ashfaq, M., Bhola, D.V., and Fofandi, M.D. (2013). Reproductive biology of an endangered coldwater fish Golden Mahseer, Tor Putitora (Ham.) from Anji Mahseer hatchery Reasi (J and K). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 3: 13-16.
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Brown-Peterson, N.J., David, M.W., Fran, S.R., Beverly, J.M., and Susan, K.L.B. (2011). A standardized terminology for describing reproductive development in fishes. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dyanamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, 3: 52-70. DOI: 10.1080/1942512 0.2011.555724
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Dasgupta, S.M. (1988). A study on the fecundity of Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) from Garo hills, Meghalaya, Uttarpradesh. J. Zool., 8: 159-167.
Freitas, T.M.D., Almeida, V.H.D., Montag, L.F.D., and Fontoura, N.F. (2016). Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14: 177-183.
Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., and Facey, D.E. (1997). The diversity of fishes. Oxford, Blackwell Science, 544p.
Holden, M.J., and Raitt, D.F.S. (1974). Manual of fisheries science. Part 2: Methods of resource investigation and their application. FAO Fish. Tech. Rep. 115(Rev. 1), Rome, Italy.
Hossain, M. Y., Rahman, M. M., & Abdallah, E.M. (2012). Relationships between body size, weight, condition, and fecundity of the threatened fish Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh. Sains Malaysiana, 41: 803-814.
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Jabeen, F., Talukdar, B., Kalita, H.K., and Sarma, D. (2016). Fecundity of the lesser baril, Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton,1807) from Manas river, Assam, India. Poult Fish Wildl Sci, 4(2). DOI: 10.4172/2375-446X.1000172.
Jan, M., and Ahmed, I. (2016). Assessment of fecundity, gonado-somatic index, and hepatosomatic index of snow trout, Schizothorax plagiostomus in river Lidder, from Kashmir Himalaya, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4: 370-375.
Jhingran, V.G. (1982). Fish and fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Company, India.
Jyrwa, L.B., and Bhuyan, R.N. (2017). Histological studies of gonads in Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland,1839) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Meghalaya, India. Iran. J. Ichthyol, 4: 140-149. DOI: 10.7508/iji.2017
Khaironizam, M.Z., and Ismail, M.Z. (2013). Spawning period and fecundity of Neolissocheilus soroides (Duncker,1904) (Pisces, Teleostei, Cyprinidae) from a small Malaysian stream. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 37: 65-72. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1201-10
Kharat, S.S., and Khillare, Y.K. (2013). Gonado-somatic index, ova diameter, and fecundity of freshwater hill stream teleost Nemacheilus moreh (Sykes). International Journal of Bioassays, 2: 992-995.
Kjesbu, O.S., and Kryvi, H. (1989). Oogenesis in cod, Gadus morhua L., studies by light and electron microscopy. J.Fish Biol., 34: 735-746.
Mahapatra, B.K., and Vinod, K. (2011). Reproductive biology and artificial propagation of chocolate mahseer Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) in Meghalaya, India. Indian J. Fish, 58: 35-40.
Marimuthu, K., Arumugam, J., Sandragasan, D., and Jegathambigai, R. (2009). Studies on the fecundity of native fish climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) in Malaysia. Am.-Eurasian J. Sustain. Agri., 3: 266-274.
Morales, D.A. (1991). La Tilapia en Mexico. Biologia, Cultivoy Pesquerias. A G Editor S.A., 190pp.
Murua, H., Kraus, G., Saborido-Rey, F., Witthames, P.R., Thorsen, A., and Junquera, S. (2003). Procedures to estimate fecundity of marine fish species in relation to their reproductive strategy. J. Northw.Atl.Fish.Sci., 33: 33-54.
Nandikeswari, R. (2016). Size at first maturity and maturity stages of Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Pondicherry coast, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4: 452-454.
Nikolsky, G.V. (1963). The Ecology of fishes. New York, London Academic Press.
Parenti, L.R., and Grier, H.J. (2004). Evolution and phylogeny of gonad morphology in bony fishes. Integr Comp Biol, 44: 333-348.
Peixoto, S., Calazans, N., Silva, E. F., Nole, L., Soares, R., & Frédou, F. L. (2018). Reproductive cycle and size at first sexual maturity of the white shrimp Penaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) in northeastern Brazil. Latin american journal of aquatic research, 46(1), 1-9.
Rasool, N., and Ulfat, J. (2013). Study on the fecundity of Salmo trutta fario (Brown trout) in Kashmir. Journal of Biology and Life Science, 4: 181-193.
Scott, D.P. (1962). Effect of food quantity on the fecundity of rainbow trout, Salmon gairdneri. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19: 715-731.
Shinkafi, B.A., Ipinjolu, J.K., and Hassan, W.A. (2011). Gonad maturation stages of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) in River Rima, North-Western Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 6: 236-246. DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2011.236.246
Shrestha, J., Singh, D.M., and Saund, T.B. (2009). Fish diversity of Tamor River and its major tributaries of the eastern Himalayan region of Nepal. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 219-223.
Shrestha, T.K. (2008). Ichthyology of Nepal: A Study of Fishes of the Himalayan Waters. Himalayan Ecosphere, Kathmandu, Nepal; 1-388 pp.
Simpson, A.C. (1951). The fecundity of the plaice. Fish Invest., 17: 1-27.
Somerton, D. A. (1980). A computer technique for estimating the size of sexual maturity in crabs. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37: 1488-1494. DOI: 10.1139/f80-192.
Torrejon-Magallanes, J. (2018). sizeMat: Estimate Size at Sexual Maturity. R package version 1.0.0. (URL:https://CRAN.R-project.org/package?sizeMat).
Ulfat, J., Shah, G.M., and Bhat, A.A. (2014). Relative and absolute fecundity of Schizothorax niger and Schizothorax esocinus at Dacchigam national park, Kashmir. Report and Opinion, 4: 43-46.
Valdez-Pineda, M.C., Morán-Angulo, R.E., Voltolina, D., and Castillo-Vargasmachuca, S. (2014). Population structure and reproductive aspects of puffer fish Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae), landed in Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Latin American journal of aquatic research, 42(1): 121-126.
Wagle, S.K. (2014). Studies on the gonado-somatic index, fecundity, and hatchability of domesticated stock of Asala Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from Nallu River of Lalitpur District. Our Nature, 12(1): 19-27. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/on.v12i1.12253
Yeldan, H., and Avsar, D. (2000). A preliminary study on the reproduction of the rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus Forsskal, 1775) in the northeastern Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24: 173-182.
Alam, M., and Pathak, J.K. (2010). Assessment of fecundity and gonado-somatic index of commercially important fish, Labeo rohita from Ramganga river. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1: 1-6.
Arjamand, S., Dar, S.A., Desai, A.Y., Sayani, A.N., Yusufzai, S.I., Ashfaq, M., Bhola, D.V., and Fofandi, M.D. (2013). Reproductive biology of an endangered coldwater fish Golden Mahseer, Tor Putitora (Ham.) from Anji Mahseer hatchery Reasi (J and K). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 3: 13-16.
Bagenal, T.B. (1957). Annual variations in fish fecundity. Journal of Marine Biological Association the United Kingdom, 36: 377-382.
Bagenal, T.B., and Braum, E. (1978). Eggs and early life history. In: Bagenal, T., Ed., Methods of Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwaters, IBP Handbook 3. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific.
Bandpei, A., Mashhor, M. A. M., Abdolmaleki, S. H., Najafpour, S. H., Bani, A., Pourgholam, R., ... & Janbaz, A. A. (2011). The environmental effect on spawning time, length at maturity, and fecundity of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamensky, 1901) in Southern Part of Caspian Sea, Iran. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 2(4), 374-381. DOI:10.5829/idosi.ijee.2011.02.04.3097
Bhattacharya, P., and Banik, S. (2015). Study of the fecundity of Ompok pabo (Hamilton, 1822), an endangered fish species of Tripura, India. J Fisheries Livest Prod, 3: 153. DOI:10.4172/2332-2608.1000153
Brown-Peterson, N.J., David, M.W., Fran, S.R., Beverly, J.M., and Susan, K.L.B. (2011). A standardized terminology for describing reproductive development in fishes. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dyanamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, 3: 52-70. DOI: 10.1080/1942512 0.2011.555724
Chondar, S.L. (1977). Fecundity and its role in racial studies of Gudusia chapra (Pisces: Clupeidae). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 86 245-254.
Dasgupta, S.M. (1988). A study on the fecundity of Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) from Garo hills, Meghalaya, Uttarpradesh. J. Zool., 8: 159-167.
Freitas, T.M.D., Almeida, V.H.D., Montag, L.F.D., and Fontoura, N.F. (2016). Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14: 177-183.
Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., and Facey, D.E. (1997). The diversity of fishes. Oxford, Blackwell Science, 544p.
Holden, M.J., and Raitt, D.F.S. (1974). Manual of fisheries science. Part 2: Methods of resource investigation and their application. FAO Fish. Tech. Rep. 115(Rev. 1), Rome, Italy.
Hossain, M. Y., Rahman, M. M., & Abdallah, E.M. (2012). Relationships between body size, weight, condition, and fecundity of the threatened fish Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh. Sains Malaysiana, 41: 803-814.
IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Version 2018-1.
Jabeen, F., Talukdar, B., Kalita, H.K., and Sarma, D. (2016). Fecundity of the lesser baril, Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton,1807) from Manas river, Assam, India. Poult Fish Wildl Sci, 4(2). DOI: 10.4172/2375-446X.1000172.
Jan, M., and Ahmed, I. (2016). Assessment of fecundity, gonado-somatic index, and hepatosomatic index of snow trout, Schizothorax plagiostomus in river Lidder, from Kashmir Himalaya, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4: 370-375.
Jhingran, V.G. (1982). Fish and fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Company, India.
Jyrwa, L.B., and Bhuyan, R.N. (2017). Histological studies of gonads in Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland,1839) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Meghalaya, India. Iran. J. Ichthyol, 4: 140-149. DOI: 10.7508/iji.2017
Khaironizam, M.Z., and Ismail, M.Z. (2013). Spawning period and fecundity of Neolissocheilus soroides (Duncker,1904) (Pisces, Teleostei, Cyprinidae) from a small Malaysian stream. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 37: 65-72. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1201-10
Kharat, S.S., and Khillare, Y.K. (2013). Gonado-somatic index, ova diameter, and fecundity of freshwater hill stream teleost Nemacheilus moreh (Sykes). International Journal of Bioassays, 2: 992-995.
Kjesbu, O.S., and Kryvi, H. (1989). Oogenesis in cod, Gadus morhua L., studies by light and electron microscopy. J.Fish Biol., 34: 735-746.
Mahapatra, B.K., and Vinod, K. (2011). Reproductive biology and artificial propagation of chocolate mahseer Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) in Meghalaya, India. Indian J. Fish, 58: 35-40.
Marimuthu, K., Arumugam, J., Sandragasan, D., and Jegathambigai, R. (2009). Studies on the fecundity of native fish climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) in Malaysia. Am.-Eurasian J. Sustain. Agri., 3: 266-274.
Morales, D.A. (1991). La Tilapia en Mexico. Biologia, Cultivoy Pesquerias. A G Editor S.A., 190pp.
Murua, H., Kraus, G., Saborido-Rey, F., Witthames, P.R., Thorsen, A., and Junquera, S. (2003). Procedures to estimate fecundity of marine fish species in relation to their reproductive strategy. J. Northw.Atl.Fish.Sci., 33: 33-54.
Nandikeswari, R. (2016). Size at first maturity and maturity stages of Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Pondicherry coast, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4: 452-454.
Nikolsky, G.V. (1963). The Ecology of fishes. New York, London Academic Press.
Parenti, L.R., and Grier, H.J. (2004). Evolution and phylogeny of gonad morphology in bony fishes. Integr Comp Biol, 44: 333-348.
Peixoto, S., Calazans, N., Silva, E. F., Nole, L., Soares, R., & Frédou, F. L. (2018). Reproductive cycle and size at first sexual maturity of the white shrimp Penaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) in northeastern Brazil. Latin american journal of aquatic research, 46(1), 1-9.
Rasool, N., and Ulfat, J. (2013). Study on the fecundity of Salmo trutta fario (Brown trout) in Kashmir. Journal of Biology and Life Science, 4: 181-193.
Scott, D.P. (1962). Effect of food quantity on the fecundity of rainbow trout, Salmon gairdneri. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19: 715-731.
Shinkafi, B.A., Ipinjolu, J.K., and Hassan, W.A. (2011). Gonad maturation stages of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) in River Rima, North-Western Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 6: 236-246. DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2011.236.246
Shrestha, J., Singh, D.M., and Saund, T.B. (2009). Fish diversity of Tamor River and its major tributaries of the eastern Himalayan region of Nepal. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 219-223.
Shrestha, T.K. (2008). Ichthyology of Nepal: A Study of Fishes of the Himalayan Waters. Himalayan Ecosphere, Kathmandu, Nepal; 1-388 pp.
Simpson, A.C. (1951). The fecundity of the plaice. Fish Invest., 17: 1-27.
Somerton, D. A. (1980). A computer technique for estimating the size of sexual maturity in crabs. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37: 1488-1494. DOI: 10.1139/f80-192.
Torrejon-Magallanes, J. (2018). sizeMat: Estimate Size at Sexual Maturity. R package version 1.0.0. (URL:https://CRAN.R-project.org/package?sizeMat).
Ulfat, J., Shah, G.M., and Bhat, A.A. (2014). Relative and absolute fecundity of Schizothorax niger and Schizothorax esocinus at Dacchigam national park, Kashmir. Report and Opinion, 4: 43-46.
Valdez-Pineda, M.C., Morán-Angulo, R.E., Voltolina, D., and Castillo-Vargasmachuca, S. (2014). Population structure and reproductive aspects of puffer fish Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae), landed in Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Latin American journal of aquatic research, 42(1): 121-126.
Wagle, S.K. (2014). Studies on the gonado-somatic index, fecundity, and hatchability of domesticated stock of Asala Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from Nallu River of Lalitpur District. Our Nature, 12(1): 19-27. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/on.v12i1.12253
Yeldan, H., and Avsar, D. (2000). A preliminary study on the reproduction of the rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus Forsskal, 1775) in the northeastern Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24: 173-182.
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Fecundity, histomorphology of the ovary and size at first maturity of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) in Tamor River, Nepal. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(3), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2338
