Limnology of rock pools in the river Chenab at Dhoomi, Akhnoor, in Jammu region of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir
Article Main
Abstract
Small and temporary freshwater rock pools, compared to lakes, ponds and rivers, have received a very little scientific attention in India. For the present limnological study, six rock pools in the river Chenab at Dhoomi, Akhnoor, were analysed seven times for water quality and fauna during 17-01-2011 to 26-01-2011 and have been described. Among various water parameters depth (6-11 cm), transparency (6-11 cm) and turbidity (1.4-6.88 NTU) recorded a decrease after high record on first observation. Salinity remained constant (0.1 ppt) on all the seven observations. Dissolved oxygen (DO) observed maximum (12.81 mg/l) record on 19-01-2011 and minimum (9.99 mg/l) on 26-01-2011. Chloride (Cl?) was minimum (2.73 mg/l) on 17-01-2011 and 18-01-2011 and maximum (6.81 mg/l) on 24-01-2011. Conductivity (75.50 – 178.8 µS cm?¹), total dissolved solids (TDS) (40.13 – 85.5 mg/l), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) (2.5 – 6.63 mg/l), pH (8.26 – 9.12), carbonate ( CO3-2) (2.31 – 22.84 mg/l), bicarbonate (HCO3-) (29.83 – 71.29 mg/l), calcium (Ca+2) (9.45 – 29.50 mg/l), magnesium (Mg+2) (2.24 – 5.38 mg/l), total hardness (TH) (35.34 – 95.80 mg/l) and sodium (Na+) (0.44 – 1.05 mg/l) showed highest record on last observation. Potassium (K+) (0.60 – 1.70 mg/l) was minimum on 18-01-2011 and maximum on 24-01-2011. Nitrate (NO3?) (0.084-0.373 mg/l), phosphate (PO4³? ) (0.043 – 0.140 mg/l), silicate (SiO4-4) (1.28 – 3.95 mg/l) and sulphate (SO4-2) (4.89 – 7.84 mg/l) observed an irregular pulse. Fauna in these rock pools was represented by zooplankton (passive dispersers) belonging to Protozoa (27 species), Rotifera (3 species), gemmules of Porifera (2 species) and Turbellaria (1 species) only. Zooplanktonic maximum qualitative record was observed on 6th observation and quantitative on 7th observation. In the absence of any earlier study on freshwater rock pools in the Himalayan rivers, present work shall be of great help for future workers.
Article Details
Article Details
Rockpools, River Chenab, Water quality, Zooplankton
Alhassan, U.G. and Hazel, M.M.P. (2015). Plankton diversity, Physico- Chemical parameters and conservation value of temporary fresh water rock pools. International Journal of Research and Review, 2(9) : 562-573. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283033474
Anusa, A., Ndagurwa, H.G.T. and Magazda, C.H.D. (2012). The influence of pool size on species diversity and water chemistry in temporary rock pools on Domboshawa Mountain, North Zimbabwe. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 37(1): 89-99
APHA (1998) : Standard methods for examination of water and waste water. 20th edition. American Public Health Association, New York.
Baskin, Y. (1994). California’s ephemeral vernal pools may be a good model for speciation. BioScience, 44: 384-385
Battish, S.K. (1992). Fresh water zooplankton of India. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt., New Delhi.
Bhutiani, R., Rohela, M. and Ahmed, F. (2017). Limnological characteristics of Hindon River at NCR (UttarPradesh, India). . Environmental Conservation Journal, 18(1 and 2): 219-229
Bratton, J.H. (1990). Seasonal pools : an overlooked invertebrate habitat. British Wildlife, 2: 22-29
Brendonck, L., Hamer, M.L., Riddoch, B.J. and Seaman, M.T. (2000) : Branchipodopsis species - Specialists of ephemeral rock pools. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 25: 96-104
Campbell, E.M. (1997). Granite landforms. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 80:101-112
Dutta, S.P.S. (1983). On some freshwater Rhizopoda from Jammu Part – 1. J. University Review (Science), 1: 91-94
Dutta, S.P.S. (2012). Limnology of the river Chenab at Akhnoor, Jammu. Part I: Water quality, Zooplankton and Fish. Project report submitted to the UGC, New, Delhi: 141 pp
Dutta, S.P.S. (2014). Monthly variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, MPN index and zooplankton of Devak stream, Shiv temple complex, Udhampur, Jammu (J&K), India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2) : 816-824
Edmondson, W.T. (1992). Freshwater Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York :1248 pp
Ganning, B. (1971). Studies on chemical, physical and biological conditions in Swedish rockpool ecosystems. Ophelia, 9: 51-105
Jocque, M., Reddoch, B. and Brendonck, L. (2007). Successive phases and species replacement in freshwater rock pools with a biological definition of ephemeral water bodies. Freshwater Biology, 52:1734-1744
Jocque, M., Vanschoenwinkel, B. and Brendonck, L. (2010). Freshwater rock pools : a review of habitat characteristics, faunal diversity and conservation value. Freshwater Biology 55(8) : 1587-1602, (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02402.x.)
King, J. L., Simorich, M.A. and Busca, R.C. (1996). Species richness, endemism and ecology of crustacean assemblages in Northern California vernal pools. Hydrobiologia, 328: 85-116
Kudo, R.R. (1986). Protozoology. Published by Books & Periodicals Corp. (India) : 1174 pp
Lane, P.A. (1978). Role of invertebrate predation in structuring zooplankton communities. Limnology, 20: 480-485
Merlijn, J., Bram, V. and Luc, B. (2010). Freshwater rock pools: A review of habitat characteristics, fauna diversity and conservation value. Journal of Freshwater Biology, 55: 1587-1602
Nair, K. N., Das, B.K. and Mukherjee, B.N. (1971). On some freshwater Rhizopoda and Helizoa (Protozoa) from Calcutta and Environments. Part 1. Rec. Zool. Surv. India. 65 (1-4): 1-16
Naseema, K., Masihur, R. and Khan, K.A. (2013). Study of seasonal variations in the water quality among different guards of river Ganga, Kanpur, India. Journal of Environment Research and Development 8(1): 1-10
Pennak, R.W. (1978). Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York : 803 pp
Pinder, A.M., Halse, S.A., Shiel, R.J. and Mc Rae, J.M. (2000). Granite outcrop pools in South western Australia : foci of diversification and refugia for aquatic invertebrates. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 83: 149-161
Reid, G.K. and Wood, R.D. (1976). Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. D.Van Norstand Company, New York : 485 pp
Shinde, Y. and Kulkarni, M. (2020). Rock pools that support unique ecosystems need conservation in Pune. Times of India. March 9, 2020. (https://www.m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/rock-pools-that-support-unique-ecosystems-need-conservation/amp_articleshow/74542477.cms)
Scholnick, D.A. (1994). Seasonal variation and diurnal fluctuations in ephemeral desert pools. Hydrobiologia, 294: 111-116
Tavernini, S. (2008). Seasonal and inter-annual zooplankton dynamics in temporary pools with different hydroperiods. Limnologica-ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 38(1) : 63-75
Trivedi, R. K., Goel, P. K. and Trisal, C.L. (1987). Practical methods in ecology and environmental science. Environmental Publ., Kard, India.
Vanschoenwinkel, B., Hulsmans, A., De Roecks, E.R., De Vries, C., Seaman, M. and Brendonck, L. (2009): Community structure in temporary freshwater rock pools: disentangling effects of habitat size and hydro regime and the impact of dispersal mode. Freshwater Biology, 54: 1487-1500
Welch, P.S. (1952). Limnology. McGraw Hill Book Company Inc., New York: 539 pp
Wetzel, R.G. (2000). Limnology : Lake and river ecosystems. 3rd edition. Academic Press, London.
Williams, D.D. (1997).Temporary ponds and their invertebrate communities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 7: 105-117
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
