Advancement and efficacy of plant growth regulators in Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) - A review
Article Main
Abstract
Ber (Ziziphus maurtiana) is an important minor fruit crop of India. Over the years the crop is now widely domesticated and commercial orchards of Ber are now available. With wide commercialization, many physiological problems, i.e. flowers and fruit drop, embryo abortion, poor flowering and fruit setting, abnormal and small size fruits etc. were observed which cause huge loss to the growers. In order to minimize these problems, over the years many experiments and advancement have been done, and among them, usage of plant growth regulators is one of the most adopted methods and is utilized to improve flowering fruiting and yield with improved fruit quality. The current review discusses the role of different plant growth regulators and how they influence each fruit character. This information could be useful to the researchers in planning further advance research in this aspect and for the commercial growers to decide the proper treatments to mitigate the problems.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Ber, Fruit drop, Fruit retention, GA3, IAA, NAA, Plant growth regulators
References
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Angamuthu, M., Sharma, V.P., Singh S. K., Jindal, P.C., Saxena, S.K. and Nath V. (2004). Effect of IAA on compatibility and fruit development in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) Indian Journal of Horticulture, 61 (4) 359-361.
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Arora, R. and Singh, S. (2014). Effect of growth regulators on quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk) cv. umran. Agricultural Science Digest. (34):102-106.doi: 10.5958/0976-0547.2014.00024.X
Azam-Ali S, Bonkoungou E, Bowe C, DeKock C, Godara A & Williams J.T. (2006). Fruits for the future-2 (Revised edition), Ber and other jujubes. International Centre for Underutilized Crops, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, pp 1-285.
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Bal, J. S., Singh, S. N., Randhawa, J. S. and Jawanda, J. S. (1981). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit drop, size and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.). Proceedings of National Symposium on Tropical and Sub Tropical fruit crops. pp 117.
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Bankar, G.J. and Prasad, R.N. (1990). Effect of gibberellic acid and NAA on fruit set and quality of fruits in ber cv. Gola. Progressive Horticulture 22(1-4): 60-62.
Bhambhota, J.R. and Singh, A. (1971). A quick method of raising ber root stock. Punjab Hort. J., 11 : 251-253.
Bhati, B. S. and Yadav, P. K. (2003). Effect of foliar application of urea and NAA on the quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Gola. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences 32: 32-33.
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Bisht, T., Rawat, L., Chakraborty, B. And Yadav, V. (2018). A Recent Advances in Use of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Fruit Crops - A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7. 1307-1336. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.159.
Bons, H., Kaur, N. and Harinder, R. (2015). Quality and Quantity Improvement of Citrus: Role of Plant Growth Regulators. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology. 8. 433. doi.10.5958/2230-732X.2015.00051.0.
Bons, H.K. and Kaur, M. (2019). Role of plant growth regulators in improving fruit set, quality and yield of fruit crops: a review, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 95:2, 137-146.doi.org/10.1080/1462031 6.2019.1660591
Chandler, John. (2010). The Hormonal Regulation of Flower Development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 30. 242-254.
Devemani, T., Pandey, A.K., Pal, A.K. and Yadav, M.P. (2009). Studies on effect of plant growth regulators on fruit drop, development quality and yield of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi, Progressive Horticulture 41(2): 184-186.
Devi, P., Gautam, R.K.S., Singh, J., Maurya, S.K. and Chaudhary, A. (2019). Effect of Foliar Application of NAA, GA3 and Zinc Sulphate on Fruit Drop, Growth and Yield of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi Karaka. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8 (01): 1679-1683.doi.org/10.20546/ijcm as.2019.801.177
Ferguson L, Lessenger JE (2006) Plant growth regulators. In: Lessenger JE (ed.) Agricultural medicine. Springer, New York, pp 156–166.
Gami, J., Sonkar, P.A. Haldar and Patidar, D.K. (2019). Effect of Pre harvest Spray of ZnSO4, KNO3 and NAA on Growth, Yield and Quality of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Seb under Malwa Plateau Conditions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8 (03): 1977 1984.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.8 03.235
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Ghosh, S.N., Bera, B., Kundu, A. and Roy, S. (2009). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit retention, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of fruits in ber 'banarasi karka' grown in close spacing. Acta Hortic. 840, 357-362
Gill, K.S. and Bal, J.S. (2013). Impact of application of growth regulators on indian jujube. Acta Hortic. 993, 119-124.doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.993.17
Gill, P. S. and Bal, J. S. (2008). Studies on Fruit Drop, Size and Quality of Indian Jujube under Submontane Zone of Punjab. Proceedings of 1st International Jujube Symposium. pp 50-51.
Gill, P.P.S. and Bal, J.S. (2009).Effect of growth regulator and nutrients spray on control of fruit drop, fruit size and quality of ber under sub-montane zone of Punjab, J. Hort. Sci. 4 (2): 161-163.
Hore, J. K. and Sen, S. K.(1994). Role of pre sowing seed treatment on germination, seedling growth and longevity of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam) seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 28 (4): 285-289.
Josan, J.S., Jawanda, J.S., Bal, J.S., Singh, R. (1980) Studies on the floral biology of ber. Flowering habit, flower bud development, time and duration of flowering, floral morphology, time of anthesis and dehiscence. The Punjab Horti J 20: 156–161.
Kale, V.S., Dod, V.N., Adpawar, R.M., Bharad, S. (2000). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit characters and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.). Crop Research. 20. 327-333.
Karole, B and Tiwari, R. (2016). Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulators and urea on growth, yield and quality of ber under malwa plateau conditions, Annals of Plant and Soil Research 18(1): 18-22
Kebede, M.and Isotalo, J (2016). Flowering and fruiting phenology and floral visitation of four native tree species in the remnant moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, south central Ethiopia. Tropical Ecology 57(2): 299-311.
Kende, H., and Zeevaart, J. A. D. (1997). The five “Classical” plant hormones. Plant Cell 9, 1197–1210. doi: 10.1105/tpc.9.7.1197
Krishna H, Parashar A, Awasthi O P and Singh K. (2014). Ber. (in) Tropical and Sub Tropical Fruit Crops: Crop Improvement and Varietal Wealth Part-I, pp 137–155. Ghosh S N (Ed). Jaya Publishing House, Delhi.
Kumar, B. P. and Reddy, Y. N. (2004). Growth, yield and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) as influenced by pruning and chemicals. Indian Journal of Horticulture 61: 179-180.
Kumar, R., Khurana, A. and Sharma,A. K. (2014). Role of plant hormones and their interplay in development and ripening of fleshy fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65, (16), 4561–4575. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru277
Kumar, S., Kumar U. and Naresh, P. (2017). Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield of Indian Ber (Zizyphusmauritiana L.) Fruit, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(1): 966-969.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2524
Kumar, S., Kumar, U. and Premnaresh (2018). Effect of plant growth regulators on initial fruit set, fruit set retention and fruit drop of Indian ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk.) Life Sciences Leaflets 101, 25-31.
Kumari, S., Bakshi, P. Sharma, A., Wali, V.K., Jasrotia, A and Kour, S. (2018). Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Improving Fruit Production in Sub Tropical Crops. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7 (03): 659-668. doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.077
Lawes, G.S. and Woolley, D.J. (2001). The commercial use of plant growth regulators to regulate fruit development. Acta Hortic. 553, 149-150. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.553.29
Majumder, I., Sau, S., Ghosh, B., Kundu, S, Roy, D and Sarkar, S. (2017). Response of growth regulators and micronutrients on yield and physico-chemical quality of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk) cv. BAU Kul-1 Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9 (4): 2404 – 2409.doi: 10.31018/jans.v9i4.1545
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Obeed, R.S., Harhash, M.M. and Abdel-Mawgood, A. L. 2008. Fruit properties and genetic diversity of five Ber (Zizuphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars. Pakistan. J. Biol. Sci., 11(6): 888-893
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Anonymous. (2018). Horticultural Statistics at a Glance, National Horticulture Board, Government of India Pp-09.
Arora, R. and Singh, S. (2014). Effect of growth regulators on quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk) cv. umran. Agricultural Science Digest. (34):102-106.doi: 10.5958/0976-0547.2014.00024.X
Azam-Ali S, Bonkoungou E, Bowe C, DeKock C, Godara A & Williams J.T. (2006). Fruits for the future-2 (Revised edition), Ber and other jujubes. International Centre for Underutilized Crops, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, pp 1-285.
Bal, J. S., Bajwa, G. S. and Singh, S. N. (1993). Effect of ethephon application at turning stage on ripening and quality of Umran ber. Punjab Horticultural Journal 33: 84-87.
Bal, J. S., Singh, S. N., Randhawa, J. S. and Jawanda, J. S. (1981). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit drop, size and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.). Proceedings of National Symposium on Tropical and Sub Tropical fruit crops. pp 117.
Bal, J. S., Singh, S. N., Randhawa, J. S. and Sharma, S. C. (1982). Effect of naphthalene acetic acid and trichlorophenoxy acetic acid on fruit drop, size and quality of ber. Progressive Horticulture 14:148-151.
Bankar, G.J. and Prasad, R.N. (1990). Effect of gibberellic acid and NAA on fruit set and quality of fruits in ber cv. Gola. Progressive Horticulture 22(1-4): 60-62.
Bhambhota, J.R. and Singh, A. (1971). A quick method of raising ber root stock. Punjab Hort. J., 11 : 251-253.
Bhati, B. S. and Yadav, P. K. (2003). Effect of foliar application of urea and NAA on the quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Gola. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences 32: 32-33.
Bhosale, G.H. (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of ber (zizyphus mauritiana lamk.) cv. mehrun under saurashtra region. Unpublished thesis submittecd to Junagad Agricultural University, Gujarat, pp155.
Bisht, T., Rawat, L., Chakraborty, B. And Yadav, V. (2018). A Recent Advances in Use of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Fruit Crops - A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7. 1307-1336. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.159.
Bons, H., Kaur, N. and Harinder, R. (2015). Quality and Quantity Improvement of Citrus: Role of Plant Growth Regulators. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology. 8. 433. doi.10.5958/2230-732X.2015.00051.0.
Bons, H.K. and Kaur, M. (2019). Role of plant growth regulators in improving fruit set, quality and yield of fruit crops: a review, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 95:2, 137-146.doi.org/10.1080/1462031 6.2019.1660591
Chandler, John. (2010). The Hormonal Regulation of Flower Development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 30. 242-254.
Devemani, T., Pandey, A.K., Pal, A.K. and Yadav, M.P. (2009). Studies on effect of plant growth regulators on fruit drop, development quality and yield of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi, Progressive Horticulture 41(2): 184-186.
Devi, P., Gautam, R.K.S., Singh, J., Maurya, S.K. and Chaudhary, A. (2019). Effect of Foliar Application of NAA, GA3 and Zinc Sulphate on Fruit Drop, Growth and Yield of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi Karaka. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8 (01): 1679-1683.doi.org/10.20546/ijcm as.2019.801.177
Ferguson L, Lessenger JE (2006) Plant growth regulators. In: Lessenger JE (ed.) Agricultural medicine. Springer, New York, pp 156–166.
Gami, J., Sonkar, P.A. Haldar and Patidar, D.K. (2019). Effect of Pre harvest Spray of ZnSO4, KNO3 and NAA on Growth, Yield and Quality of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Seb under Malwa Plateau Conditions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8 (03): 1977 1984.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.8 03.235
Ghosh, S.N. and Mathew, B. (2002): Performance of nine ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) cultivars on top working in the semi-arid region of West Bengal. J. App. Hortic., 4(1): 49-51.
Ghosh, S.N., Bera, B., Kundu, A. and Roy, S. (2009). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit retention, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of fruits in ber 'banarasi karka' grown in close spacing. Acta Hortic. 840, 357-362
Gill, K.S. and Bal, J.S. (2013). Impact of application of growth regulators on indian jujube. Acta Hortic. 993, 119-124.doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.993.17
Gill, P. S. and Bal, J. S. (2008). Studies on Fruit Drop, Size and Quality of Indian Jujube under Submontane Zone of Punjab. Proceedings of 1st International Jujube Symposium. pp 50-51.
Gill, P.P.S. and Bal, J.S. (2009).Effect of growth regulator and nutrients spray on control of fruit drop, fruit size and quality of ber under sub-montane zone of Punjab, J. Hort. Sci. 4 (2): 161-163.
Hore, J. K. and Sen, S. K.(1994). Role of pre sowing seed treatment on germination, seedling growth and longevity of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam) seeds. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 28 (4): 285-289.
Josan, J.S., Jawanda, J.S., Bal, J.S., Singh, R. (1980) Studies on the floral biology of ber. Flowering habit, flower bud development, time and duration of flowering, floral morphology, time of anthesis and dehiscence. The Punjab Horti J 20: 156–161.
Kale, V.S., Dod, V.N., Adpawar, R.M., Bharad, S. (2000). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit characters and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.). Crop Research. 20. 327-333.
Karole, B and Tiwari, R. (2016). Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulators and urea on growth, yield and quality of ber under malwa plateau conditions, Annals of Plant and Soil Research 18(1): 18-22
Kebede, M.and Isotalo, J (2016). Flowering and fruiting phenology and floral visitation of four native tree species in the remnant moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, south central Ethiopia. Tropical Ecology 57(2): 299-311.
Kende, H., and Zeevaart, J. A. D. (1997). The five “Classical” plant hormones. Plant Cell 9, 1197–1210. doi: 10.1105/tpc.9.7.1197
Krishna H, Parashar A, Awasthi O P and Singh K. (2014). Ber. (in) Tropical and Sub Tropical Fruit Crops: Crop Improvement and Varietal Wealth Part-I, pp 137–155. Ghosh S N (Ed). Jaya Publishing House, Delhi.
Kumar, B. P. and Reddy, Y. N. (2004). Growth, yield and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) as influenced by pruning and chemicals. Indian Journal of Horticulture 61: 179-180.
Kumar, R., Khurana, A. and Sharma,A. K. (2014). Role of plant hormones and their interplay in development and ripening of fleshy fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65, (16), 4561–4575. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru277
Kumar, S., Kumar U. and Naresh, P. (2017). Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield of Indian Ber (Zizyphusmauritiana L.) Fruit, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(1): 966-969.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2524
Kumar, S., Kumar, U. and Premnaresh (2018). Effect of plant growth regulators on initial fruit set, fruit set retention and fruit drop of Indian ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk.) Life Sciences Leaflets 101, 25-31.
Kumari, S., Bakshi, P. Sharma, A., Wali, V.K., Jasrotia, A and Kour, S. (2018). Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Improving Fruit Production in Sub Tropical Crops. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7 (03): 659-668. doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.077
Lawes, G.S. and Woolley, D.J. (2001). The commercial use of plant growth regulators to regulate fruit development. Acta Hortic. 553, 149-150. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.553.29
Majumder, I., Sau, S., Ghosh, B., Kundu, S, Roy, D and Sarkar, S. (2017). Response of growth regulators and micronutrients on yield and physico-chemical quality of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk) cv. BAU Kul-1 Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9 (4): 2404 – 2409.doi: 10.31018/jans.v9i4.1545
Masuda Y, Kamisaka S (2000). Discovery of auxin. Discov Plant Biol 3:43–57. doi.org/10.1142/978981 281 3503_0003
Meena, V., Eyarkai, N., Kashyap, P. and Meena, K.K. (2013). Naphthalene acetic acid and ferrous sulphate induced changes in physico-chemical composition and shelf-life of ber. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 70. 37-42.
Murthy, B. N.S. and Reddy, Y. N. (1990). Temperature dependence of seed germination and seedling growth in ber (Z. mauritianaLamk.) and their modification by pre-sowing treatments. Sci. Technol., 18 (3) : 621-627.
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Advancement and efficacy of plant growth regulators in Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) - A review. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(3), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2326
